Pelargonium graveolens - Unknown
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Internal ID UUID64400046bd3dc977170522
Scientific name Pelargonium graveolens
Authority L'Hér.
First published in Hort. Kew. 2: 423 (1789)

Description Top

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Pelargonium terebinthinaceum Small N. Amer. Fl. 25: 24 (1907)
Geraniospermum terebintaceum Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 94 (1891)
Geranium asperum Poir. Encycl. , Suppl. 2: 759 (1812)
Geranium terebinthinaceum Cav. Diss. 4: 250 1787
Hoarea intermixta Sweet Hort. Brit. : 76 (1826)
Geranium graveolens (L'Hér.) Thunb. Prodr. Pl. Cap. 115 *1794)
Pelargonium intermedium R.Knuth Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44(1): 27. 1909 [23 Nov 1909]

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English sweet scented geranium
Arabic العطر العربي
Arabic لقلقي نفاذ
Arabic بلارجونيوم
Arabic العطر
Arabic غرنوق لقلقي
Bulgarian дъхаво мушкато
Danish rosengeranium
Greek Αρμπαρόριζα
Greek Πελαργόνιο το βαρύοσμο
Estonian lõhnav pelargoon
Persian شمعدانی عطری
French geranium rosat
French pélargonium à forte odeur
Hebrew פלרגוניום ריחני
Hebrew פלרגוניום חריף
Hebrew פלרגון חריף
Hebrew גרניום ריחני
Hebrew גרניום לימוני
Upper Sorbian róžowa pelargonija
Hungarian illatozó muskátli
Japanese ニオイテンジクアオイ
Georgian გერანი
Dutch rozenpelargonium
Dutch rozengeranium
Polish pelargonia pachnąca
Polish pelargonia wonna
Polish anginka
Swedish doftgeranium
Swedish rosengeranium
Swedish doktor westerlunds hälsoblomma
tg Анҷибар
Turkish itır
Ukrainian Пеларгонія духмяна
Chinese 香葉天竺葵
Chinese 玫瑰天竺葵
Chinese 香叶天竺葵

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • Macaronesia
      • Canary Islands
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Zimbabwe
    • Southern Africa
      • Cape Provinces
      • Northern Provinces
  • Southern America
    • Caribbean
      • Cuba
      • Dominican Republic
      • Haiti
      • Puerto Rico
    • Central America
      • Costa Rica

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000466422
UNII 0E553RP62F
USDA Plants PEGR11
Tropicos 13900169
INPN 112631
Flora of Italy 11709
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:376259-1
The Plant List kew-2532552
Open Tree Of Life 396481
NCBI Taxonomy 73200
IPNI 376259-1
iNaturalist 127298
GBIF 2891608
Freebase /m/0dnv9p
EPPO PELGV
EOL 594608
USDA GRIN 317549
Wikipedia Pelargonium_graveolens
CMAUP NPO4394

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Natural Sources of Therapeutic Agents Used in Skin Conditions Dinu M, Tatu AL, Cocoș DI, Nwabudike LC, Chirilov AM, Stefan CS, Earar K, Dumitriu Buzia O Life (Basel) 10-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11051086
doi:10.3390/life14040492
PMID:38672762
Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs)—Toxicity, Safety and Green Synthesis: A Critical Review Niżnik Ł, Noga M, Kobylarz D, Frydrych A, Krośniak A, Kapka-Skrzypczak L, Jurowski K Int J Mol Sci 05-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11012566
doi:10.3390/ijms25074057
PMID:38612865
Antibacterial effects of chitosan-based hydrogels containing Trachyspermum ammi essential oil on pathogens isolated from dogs with otitis externa Niaraki NJ, Jamshidi S, Fasaei BN, Joghataei SM BMC Vet Res 01-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC10985873
doi:10.1186/s12917-024-03971-7
PMID:38561827
From Polymeric Nanoformulations to Polyphenols—Strategies for Enhancing the Efficacy and Drug Delivery of Gentamicin Bārzdiņa A, Plotniece A, Sobolev A, Pajuste K, Bandere D, Brangule A Antibiotics (Basel) 28-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11047640
doi:10.3390/antibiotics13040305
PMID:38666981
Chitosan–Oxidized Pullulan Hydrogels Loaded with Essential Clove Oil: Synthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties Suflet DM, Constantin M, Pelin IM, Popescu I, Rimbu CM, Horhogea CE, Fundueanu G Gels 26-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11049474
doi:10.3390/gels10040227
PMID:38667646
Inhibition Effect of Non-Host Plant Volatile Extracts on Reproductive Behaviors in the Diamondback Moth Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) Zhou J, Zhang Z, Liu H, Guo M, Deng J Insects 26-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11049908
doi:10.3390/insects15040227
PMID:38667357
Obtaining Microbiologically Safe Hatching Eggs from Hatcheries: Using Essential Oils for Integrated Sanitization Strategies in Hatching Eggs, Poultry Houses and Poultry Oliveira GD, McManus C, Vale IR, dos Santos VM Pathogens 18-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10974541
doi:10.3390/pathogens13030260
PMID:38535603
Fungi beyond limits: The agricultural promise of extremophiles Zenteno‐Alegría CO, Yarzábal Rodríguez LA, Ciancas Jiménez J, Álvarez Gutiérrez PE, Gunde‐Cimerman N, Batista‐García RA Microb Biotechnol 13-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10936741
doi:10.1111/1751-7915.14439
PMID:38478382
Higher Plant-Derived Biostimulants: Mechanisms of Action and Their Role in Mitigating Plant Abiotic Stress Martínez-Lorente SE, Martí-Guillén JM, Pedreño MÁ, Almagro L, Sabater-Jara AB Antioxidants (Basel) 06-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10967762
doi:10.3390/antiox13030318
PMID:38539851
Unraveling endophytic diversity in dioecious Siraitia grosvenorii: implications for mogroside production Tamang A, Kaur A, Thakur D, Thakur A, Thakur BK, Shivani, Swarnkar M, Pal PK, Hallan V, Pandey SS Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 01-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10907472
doi:10.1007/s00253-024-13076-8
PMID:38427084
Essential oil-containing solutions (mouthwashes) preserve dental enamel with releasing low Ca and P concentrations without morphology alterations: an in vitro study Mutran SC, de Carvalho-Filho PR, Ribeiro ME, Faial KD, Lima RR, D’Almeida Couto RS Front Chem 28-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10933047
doi:10.3389/fchem.2024.1341769
PMID:38482175
Use of Essential Oils to Counteract the Phenomena of Antimicrobial Resistance in Livestock Species Lupia C, Castagna F, Bava R, Naturale MD, Zicarelli L, Marrelli M, Statti G, Tilocca B, Roncada P, Britti D, Palma E Antibiotics (Basel) 07-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10885947
doi:10.3390/antibiotics13020163
PMID:38391549
A critical overview of challenging roles of medicinal plants in improvement of wound healing technology Pathak D, Mazumder A Daru 15-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC11087437
doi:10.1007/s40199-023-00502-x
PMID:38225520
Helicobacter pylori infection in humans and phytotherapy, probiotics, and emerging therapeutic interventions: a review Liu M, Gao H, Miao J, Zhang Z, Zheng L, Li F, Zhou S, Zhang Z, Li S, Liu H, Sun J Front Microbiol 10-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10806011
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1330029
PMID:38268702
Short- and long-term effects of essential oils on swine spermatozoa during liquid phase refrigeration Troisio I, Bertocchi M, Ventrella D, Scozzoli M, Di Vito M, Truzzi E, Benvenuti S, Mattarelli P, Bacci ML, Elmi A Sci Rep 02-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10762118
doi:10.1038/s41598-023-51030-2
PMID:38168599

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives
Phenylacetic Acid 999 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC(=O)O 136.15 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acids
Benzoic Acid 243 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)O 122.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Salicylic acid and derivatives / Salicylic acids
Salicylic Acid 338 Click to see C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)O)O 138.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Branched fatty acids
2-Ethylbutyric acid 6915 Click to see CCC(CC)C(=O)O 116.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Branched fatty acids / Methyl-branched fatty acids
2-Methylbutanoic acid 8314 Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)O 102.13 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
2-Methylvaleric acid 7341 Click to see CCCC(C)C(=O)O 116.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
2,3-Dimethylacrylic acid, (E)- 125468 Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)O 100.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
3-Methylvaleric acid 7755 Click to see CCC(C)CC(=O)O 116.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
4-Methylpentanoic acid 12587 Click to see CC(C)CCC(=O)O 116.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
Isovaleric acid 10430 Click to see CC(C)CC(=O)O 102.13 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids
3-Methyloctanoic acid 5312327 Click to see CCCCCC(C)CC(=O)O 158.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
6-Methylheptanoic acid 90716 Click to see CC(C)CCCCC(=O)O 144.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
8-Methylnonanoic acid 111470 Click to see CC(C)CCCCCCC(=O)O 172.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
Capric Acid 2969 Click to see CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O 172.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
Caproic Acid 8892 Click to see CCCCCC(=O)O 116.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
Heptanoic Acid 8094 Click to see CCCCCCC(=O)O 130.18 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
Lauric Acid 3893 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O 200.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
Nonanoic Acid 8158 Click to see CCCCCCCCC(=O)O 158.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
Octanoic Acid 379 Click to see CCCCCCCC(=O)O 144.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Straight chain fatty acids
Butyric Acid 264 Click to see CCCC(=O)O 88.11 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
Valeric acid 7991 Click to see CCCCC(=O)O 102.13 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohol esters
6-Octen-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, acetate, (3S)- 6999975 Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C)CCOC(=O)C 198.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Citronellyl formate 7778 Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C)CCOC=O 184.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1989.9697764
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697827
Geranyl formate 5282109 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCOC=O)C)C 182.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697827
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
1-Hexanol 8103 Click to see CCCCCCO 102.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19840670504
1-Octen-3-Ol 18827 Click to see CCCCCC(C=C)O 128.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19840670504
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Glycerolipids / Triradylcglycerols / Triacylglycerols
Glyceryl Trioleate 5497163 Click to see CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC 885.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
beta-CITRONELLOL, (+/-)- 8842 Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C)CCO 156.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697827
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)80140-X
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1989.9697764
beta-CITRONELLOL, (R)- 101977 Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C)CCO 156.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)80140-X
beta-OCIMENE, (3E)- 5281553 Click to see CC(=CCC=C(C)C=C)C 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19840670504
beta-Ocimene, (3Z)- 5320250 Click to see CC(=CCC=C(C)C=C)C 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19840670504
Citronellic acid 10402 Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C)CC(=O)O 170.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
Geranic acid 5275520 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CC(=O)O)C)C 168.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
Geraniol 637566 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCO)C)C 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697827
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1989.9697764
https://doi.org/10.1039/A707083G
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(97)00761-2
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)80140-X
Linalool, (+/-)- 6549 Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C=C)O)C 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697827
https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19840670504
Myrcene 31253 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=C)C=C)C 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19840670504
Nerol 643820 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCO)C)C 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697827
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)80140-X
Nerolic acid 5312583 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CC(=O)O)C)C 168.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
p-CYMENE 7463 Click to see CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)C 134.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19840670504
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
alpha-PINENE 6654 Click to see CC1=CCC2CC1C2(C)C 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19840670504
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
(+)-Menthone 443159 Click to see CC1CCC(C(=O)C1)C(C)C 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19840670504
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697827
alpha-PHELLANDRENE 7460 Click to see CC1=CCC(C=C1)C(C)C 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19840670504
Beta-Phellandrene 11142 Click to see CC(C)C1CCC(=C)C=C1 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19840670504
Isomenthone, (+/-)- 6432469 Click to see CC1CCC(C(=O)C1)C(C)C 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697827
https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19840670504
Limonene, (+/-)- 22311 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19840670504
p-Menthan-3-one 6986 Click to see CC1CCC(C(=O)C1)C(C)C 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697827
Terpinolene 11463 Click to see CC1=CCC(=C(C)C)CC1 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19840670504
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesterterpenoids / Scalarane sesterterpenoids
(3S,14bR)-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6a,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-ol 5319977 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CC=C3C4(CCC5C(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2C1)C)C)O)(C)C)C)CO)C 442.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids
Isobutyric acid 6590 Click to see CC(C)C(=O)O 88.11 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF60197A010
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
(1R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-bis[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]-1,5-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid 460890 Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O 516.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Primary alcohols
3-Methyl-1-pentanol 11508 Click to see CCC(C)CCO 102.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19840670504
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Cyanogenic glycosides
Linamarin 11128 Click to see CC(C)(C#N)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O 247.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Cyclic ketones
3-Methylcyclohexanone 11567 Click to see CC1CCCC(=O)C1 112.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19840670504
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Ketones
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one 9862 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=O)C)C 126.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19840670504
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxanes
2,6,6-Trimethyl-2-vinyltetrahydropyran 522514 Click to see CC1(CCCC(O1)(C)C=C)C 154.25 unknown via CMAUP database
Rose oxide 27866 Click to see CC1CCOC(C1)C=C(C)C 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-636X(1998)10:3<229::AID-CHIR5>3.0.CO;2-4
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697827
trans-Rose oxide 7093102 Click to see CC1CCOC(C1)C=C(C)C 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697827
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Tetrahydrofurans
Linalool oxide 22310 Click to see CC1(CCC(O1)C(C)(C)O)C=C 170.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organosulfur compounds / Thiols / Alkylthiols
Methanethiol 878 Click to see CS 48.11 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Quercetin 5280343 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O)O 302.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Hyperoside 5281643 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 464.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Isoquercetin 5280804 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 464.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Quercetin 3-(2R-apiosylrutinoside) 23955865 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)OC6C(C(CO6)(CO)O)O)O)O 742.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Rutin 5280805 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 610.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
Kaempferol 3,7-diglucoside 6325460 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O 610.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.4853

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