Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

According to Choudhury et al. (2013), the Garo people of Bangladesh boil sliced fruit of Dillenia indica in water for 10–15 minutes and drink the decoction to stop diarrhoea. In the Naga communities of Manipur, India, Sharma et al. (2016) report that fresh leaves are steeped in hot water for 5–10 minutes and the infusion is taken to soothe a cough. The Khasi of Meghalaya also crush the same leaves and apply the mash directly to swollen joints as a poultice (Sarkar et al., 2014), while Kiew (2020) describes northern Thai folk practice of simmering the fruit in water for twenty minutes to make a mild tea used to reduce fever.

For a simple, safe home preparation, use about 30 g of fresh fruit (or 15 g of dried slices) and add it to 250 ml of water. Bring the mixture to a boil, then reduce to a gentle simmer for 12 minutes. Remove from heat and let the decoction steep for an additional 5 minutes before straining. A single cup can be drunk two or three times a day. Avoid the tea during pregnancy because high‑dose fruit preparations may stimulate uterine activity, and excessive amounts can cause stomach irritation.

The fruit is rich in vitamin C, hydrolyzable tannins such as gallotannins, and flavonoids like quercetin and kaempferol, while the leaves contain citric and malic acids. These compounds account for the astringent, antioxidant and mild anti‑inflammatory actions that support the traditional use of the infusion for coughs and the decoction for diarrhoea.

Modern research is catching up: Kumar et al. (2015) showed that aqueous extracts of the fruit reduce experimentally induced diarrhoea in rats, and a 2022 review highlighted the potential of its tannins for anti‑inflammatory activity. The fruit remains a staple in local markets—sold as fresh produce, jams and pickles—and the leaf tea continues to be prepared in village homes, keeping the ethnobotanical heritage of Dillenia indica alive while scientists explore its therapeutic possibilities.

General Uses Top

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Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
The fruit pulp of Dillenia indica is used as a souring agent in culinary preparations, including chutneys, curries, pickles, and traditional fish dishes in parts of South and Southeast Asia. It is processed into ketchup-like products and blended into sauces, fruit jellies, and syrups. The fruit is characterized by high acidity and mucilaginous polysaccharides, which provide a distinctive sourness and thickening/gelling properties suitable for savory products. In some regions it is also candied. These attributes make the pulp useful as an ingredient for souring and texturizing rather than as a primary flavor carrier.

Properties relevant to use:
The pulp exhibits high titratable acidity and substantial mucilage, conferring sourness and thickening/gelling capacity suitable for culinary applications. Seed and pulp contain pectic substances that support jellying. This chemical profile enables the pulp to function as a souring agent and a natural thickener/stabilizer in jams, chutneys, ketchup-like sauces, and similar products.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Dillenia elongata	Miq.	Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): 12 (1858)
Dillenia indica f. elongata	(Miq.) Miq.	Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 79 1868
Dillenia speciosa	Thunb.	Trans. Linn. Soc. London 1: 200 (1791)

Common names Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	elephant apple
English	hondapara tree
English	indian catmon
English	chulta
Arabic	ديلنيا هندية
Assamese	ঔ টেঙা
Bengali	চাইলতে
Bengali	চালিতা
Bengali	চালতা
German	indischer rosenapfel
Persian	سیب فیلی
Finnish	intiandillenia
Hungarian	pompás dillénia
Indonesian	jongi
Japanese	ビワモドキ
jv	apel gajah
Kannada	ಬೆಟ್ಟಕಣಿಗಲು
Korean	딜레니아
Malayalam	മലമ്പുന്ന
mnw	သပြု၊ တၞံ
Burmese	သပြုပင်
Oriya	ଓଉ
Polish	ukęśl indyjska
Polish	ukęśla indyjska
Portuguese	maçã de elefante
Portuguese	Árvore da pataca
Portuguese	Árvore do dinheiro
Portuguese	Árvore-da-pataca
Portuguese	Árvore-do-dinheiro
Portuguese	dilênia
Portuguese	flor de abril
Portuguese	flor-de-abril
Portuguese	maça de elefante
Portuguese	maçã-de-elefante
Russian	Слоновое яблоко
Slovenian	slonje jabolko
Tamil	உவா மரம்
Tamil	யானை ஆப்பிள்
Tamil	பாங்கர்
Tamil	ஓமை
Telugu	రేవడిచెట్టు
Telugu	పెద్దకళింగ
Thai	มะตาด
Urdu	سیب فیلی
Chinese	第倫桃
Chinese	五桠果

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Gulf Of Guinea Islands
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Comoros
  - Mauritius
  - Réunion

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam
  - Bangladesh
  - East Himalaya
  - India
  - Nepal
  - Sri Lanka
- Indo-China
  - Andaman Islands
  - Cambodia
  - Laos
  - Myanmar
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Borneo
  - Jawa
  - Malaya
  - Philippines
  - Sumatera

Pacific click to expand
- Northwestern Pacific
  - Caroline Islands

Southern America click to expand
- Caribbean
  - Cuba
  - Trinidad-Tobago
  - Windward Islands
- Western South America
  - Ecuador

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000647564
USDA Plants	DIIN6
Tropicos	10900002
INPN	447112
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:316684-1
The Plant List	kew-2768269
Open Tree Of Life	244320
NCBI Taxonomy	4378
IUCN Red List	61994577
IPNI	316684-1
iNaturalist	327691
GBIF	5383898
Freebase	/m/02x8lf0
EPPO	DLNIN
EOL	396514
USDA GRIN	14122
Wikipedia	Dillenia_indica
CMAUP	NPO21691

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by various ethnic tribes of Mizoram, India

Ralte L, Singh YT

PLoS One

10-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11086894
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0302792
PMID:	38728345

Electrospun nanofibers synthesized from polymers incorporated with bioactive compounds for wound healing

Palani N, Vijayakumar P, Monisha P, Ayyadurai S, Rajadesingu S

J Nanobiotechnology

27-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11056076
doi:	10.1186/s12951-024-02491-8
PMID:	38678271

Development and Performance Analysis of an Automatic Core Cutter for Elephant Apple (Dillenia indica L.) Processing

Saikia D, Kesavan R, Sharma M, Inbaraj BS, Nayak PK, Sridhar K

Foods

11-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10969683
doi:	10.3390/foods13060848
PMID:	38540838

Effects of Thermosonication on the Antioxidant Capacity and Physicochemical, Bioactive, Microbiological, and Sensory Qualities of Blackcurrant Juice

Qiu X, Su J, Nie J, Zhang Z, Ren J, Wang S, Pei Y, Li X

Foods

06-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10931099
doi:	10.3390/foods13050809
PMID:	38472922

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by banana pulp extract: Characterizations, antibacterial activity, and bioelectricity generation

Ohiduzzaman M, Khan MN, Khan KA, Paul B

Heliyon

01-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10848009
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25520
PMID:	38327438

Tailoring the Structural and Optical Properties of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by an Ecofriendly Green Route Using Plant Extracts

Fifere N, Ardeleanu R, Doroftei F, Dobromir M, Airinei A

Int J Mol Sci

04-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10779659
doi:	10.3390/ijms25010681
PMID:	38203851

Selenium Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Biomedical Application

Mikhailova EO

Molecules

15-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10745377
doi:	10.3390/molecules28248125
PMID:	38138613

Dynamics of Endophytic Fungal Communities Associated with Cultivated Medicinal Plants in Farmland Ecosystem

He C, Meng D, Li W, Li X, He X

J Fungi (Basel)

04-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10744690
doi:	10.3390/jof9121165
PMID:	38132766

The presence of wild edible plants and determinants influencing their harvest, consumption, and conservation in south eastern Bhutan

Bajgai RC, Bajgai Y, Johnson SB

PLoS One

10-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10564141
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0285936
PMID:	37816046

Comparative transcriptomics reveals divergence in pathogen response gene families amongst 20 forest tree species

Lu M, Cao M, Yang J, Swenson NG

G3 (Bethesda)

09-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10700026
doi:	10.1093/g3journal/jkad233
PMID:	37812763

Current Overview of Metal Nanoparticles’ Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications, with a Focus on Silver and Gold Nanoparticles

Burlec AF, Corciova A, Boev M, Batir-Marin D, Mircea C, Cioanca O, Danila G, Danila M, Bucur AF, Hancianu M

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

04-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10610223
doi:	10.3390/ph16101410
PMID:	37895881

Molecular Identification of Juglans Regia Endophyte LTL-G3, Its Antifungal Potential and Bioactive Substances

Hao Y, Hui J, Du T, Ge X, Zhai M

Iran J Biotechnol

01-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10804068
doi:	10.30498/ijb.2023.352005.3450
PMID:	38269197

Interactions of naturally occurring compounds with antimicrobials

Malczak I, Gajda A

J Pharm Anal

23-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10785267
doi:	10.1016/j.jpha.2023.09.014
PMID:	38223447

Application of thermosonication for guava juice processing: Impacts on bioactive, microbial, enzymatic and quality attributes

Kalsi BS, Singh S, Alam MS, Bhatia S

Ultrason Sonochem

07-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10506052
doi:	10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106595
PMID:	37699293

Hippophae rhamnoides L. (sea buckthorn) mediated green synthesis of copper nanoparticles and their application in anticancer activity

Dadhwal P, Dhingra HK, Dwivedi V, Alarifi S, Kalasariya H, Yadav VK, Patel A

Front Mol Biosci

24-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10484619
doi:	10.3389/fmolb.2023.1246728
PMID:	37692067

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes
(10S)-10-[(9R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl-10-oxo-9H-anthracen-9-yl]-1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-10H-anthracen-9-one	44567184	Click to see	494.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthracenecarboxylic acids and derivatives / Anthracenecarboxylic acids
4-hydroxy-9,10-dioxo-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(oxalooxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyanthracene-2-carboxylic acid	11972451	Click to see	518.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Rhein	10168	Click to see	284.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
rhein 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside	5320961	Click to see	446.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sennidin A	92826	Click to see	538.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sennoside A	73111	Click to see C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)C4=C(C2C5C6=C(C(=CC=C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)C8=C5C=C(C=C8O)C(=O)O)C=C(C=C4O)C(=O)O	862.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sennoside C	46173829	Click to see C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)C4=C(C2C5C6=C(C(=CC=C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)C8=C5C=C(C=C8O)C(=O)O)C=C(C=C4O)CO	848.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones
8-((6-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methylanthraquinone	5320543	Click to see	608.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Aloe emodin	10207	Click to see	270.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Aloe-emodin-glucoside	147295	Click to see	432.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Chrysophanein	6324923	Click to see	416.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Chrysophanol	10208	Click to see	254.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Physcion	10639	Click to see	284.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pulmatin	442731	Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=CC=C3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	416.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Rheochrysin	168938	Click to see	446.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones / Hydroxyanthraquinones
Emodin	3220	Click to see	270.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Emodin 1-O-beta-D-glucoside	5319333	Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)C4=C(C2=O)C=C(C=C4O)O	432.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Emodin-8-glucoside	99649	Click to see	432.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid	370	Click to see	170.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Galloyl esters
[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	51543740	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OCC(CO)O	244.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
6-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose	5317463	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)O)O)O)O	332.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
Methyl Gallate	7428	Click to see	184.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
9-Hydroxy-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carbaldehyde	317607	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C=O	440.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Betulinic Acid	64971	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYMED.2009.07.010
Lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid, 3beta-hydroxy-	2371	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYMED.2009.07.010
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids / L-alpha-amino acids
(2S)-5-amino-2-ammonio-5-oxopentanoate	6992086	Click to see	146.14	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
1-[1-hydroxy-3-methyl-8-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxynaphthalen-2-yl]ethanone	5319972	Click to see	378.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
1-[1,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-8-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxynaphthalen-2-yl]ethanone	100753	Click to see	394.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(7-acetyl-8-hydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methylnaphthalen-1-yl)oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-2-oxoacetic acid	5321979	Click to see CC1=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2C(=C1C(=O)C)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)COC(=O)C(=O)O)O)O)O)OC	480.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-methyl-4-oxo-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromene-5-carboxylic acid	5315687	Click to see	382.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
gallic acid 4-O-beta-D-(6'-O-galloy)glucoside	11972354	Click to see	484.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Raspberryketone glucoside	5320521	Click to see	326.34	unknown	via CMAUP database
Torachrysone 8-O-Glucoside	11972479	Click to see	408.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Hexoses
[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoate	11972309	Click to see	310.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Chromones
[(2S)-7-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-5-yl]acetic acid	5319543	Click to see	236.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 5-acetyl-7-hydroxy-2-methyl-	5315891	Click to see	218.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
7-Hydroxy-2-[(2S)-2-hydroxypropyl]-5-methyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one	45272307	Click to see	234.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
7-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-5-acetic acid	14429402	Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2O1)O)CC(=O)O	234.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
7-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-5-carboxylic acid	5315688	Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2O1)O)C(=O)O	220.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cassiachromone	5319500	Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2O1)O)CC(=O)C	232.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
3,3'-Digalloylprocyanidin B2	124016	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6)O)O)O)O)O)C7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)O)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C(=C8)O)O)O	882.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
procyanidin B1 3-O-gallate	12795888	Click to see	730.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins / Catechin gallates
(-)-Epicatechin gallate	107905	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O	442.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Dillenetin	5487855	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)OC	330.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/P19750000612
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
(+)-Catechin-5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside	6324898	Click to see	452.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Rutin	5280805	Click to see	610.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes
Rhapontigenin	5320954	Click to see	258.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes / Stilbene glycosides
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[4-[(E)-2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	5322088	Click to see	542.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
resveratrol-4'-O-(2''-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside	10325054	Click to see	542.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Resveratroloside	5322089	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	390.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Rhaponticin	637213	Click to see	420.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins
1,2,6-Tri-O-Galloyl-Beta-D-Glucose	440308	Click to see	636.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,6-bis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose	440221	Click to see	484.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,6-di-O-galloyl-2-O-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucose	6325082	Click to see	614.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
beta-D-Glucopyranose, 2-((2E)-3-phenyl-2-propenoate) 1-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate)	5315898	Click to see	462.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
beta-Glucogallin	124021	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	332.26	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Dillenia indica

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top