Ilex aquifolium, also known as holly, is a species of flowering plant native to western and southern Europe, northwest Africa, and southwest Asia. It is an evergreen tree or shrub commonly found in shady areas of forests and beech hedges. Its glossy green leaves and bright red berries have long been associated with Christmas and are often used in wreaths and decorations. Holly is also a popular ornamental shrub or hedge, with various cultivars available in different colors. It can grow up to 10 meters tall, but is typically smaller in height and has a pyramidal shape. Holly is a pioneer species, able to adapt to different conditions and often found repopulating the margins of forests or clearcuts. It is also an important food source for winter birds. Holly has a long history of use, including as fodder for livestock and in traditional bagpipes. However, its berries are toxic to humans and should not be consumed.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Aquifolium croceum	Raf.	Sylva Tellur. : 44 (1838)
Aquifolium ferox	Mill. ex Raf.	Sylva Tellur. : 44 (1838)
Aquifolium heterophyllum	Raf.	Sylva Tellur. : 44 (1838)
Aquifolium ilex	Scop.	Fl. Carniol. , ed. 2, 1: 116 (1771)
Aquifolium lanceolatum	Raf.	Sylva Tellur. : 44 (1838)
Aquifolium planifolium	Raf.	Sylva Tellur. : 44 (1838)
Aquifolium spinosum	Lam.	Fl. Franç. 3: 652 (1779)
Aquifolium undulatum	Raf.	Sylva Tellur. : 44 (1838)
Aquifolium vulgare	St.-Lag.	Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 128 (1880)
Ilex aquifolium var. barcinonae	Pau	Mem. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 1(1): 32 1922
Ilex balearica	Desf.	Hist. Arbr. France 2: 262 (1809)
Ilex camelliifolia	Henry	Trees Great Britain 7: 1714 (1913)
Ilex chrysocarpa	Wender.	Index Seminum (MB, Marburgensis) 1828: 3 (1828)
Ilex ciliata	hort. ex Koehne	Bon Jard. 1860: 1173 (1860)
Ilex citriocarpa	Murr	Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 18: 161 (1912)
Ilex crassifolia	Aiton ex Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 1: 802 (1840)
Ilex echinata	Mill.	Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 2 (1768)
Ilex ferox	Ait. ex Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 1: 802 (1840)
Ilex fischeri	hort. ex Carrière	Rev. Hort. (Paris) 59: 43 (1887)
Ilex nigricans	Henry	Trees Great Britain 7: 1714 (1913)
Ilex sempervirens	Salisb.	Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 70 (1796)
Ilex heterophylla	G.Don	Gen. Hist. 2: 17 (1832)
Ilex aquifolium f. aureopicta	(Loudon) Geerinck	Taxonomaniac 1: 12 (2001)
Ilex aquifolium f. frivaldskyana	Loes.	Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 262 (1901)
Ilex aquifolium var. heterophylla	Aiton	Hort. Kew. 1: 169 (1789)
Ilex aquifolium var. crassifolia	Aiton	Hort. Kew. 1: 169 (1789)
Ilex aquifolium var. recurva	Aiton	Hort. Kew. 1: 169 (1789)
Ilex aquifolium var. ferox	Aiton	Hort. Kew. 1: 169 (1789)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	english holly
English	holly
English	christmas holly
English	common holly
English	european holly
Spanish	acebeo
Spanish	acebo cerezo
Spanish	acebo mallorquin
Spanish	acebo mallorquín
Spanish	alcebo
Spanish	alebro
Spanish	cebor
Spanish	crevol
Spanish	crévol
Spanish	espinu
Spanish	grabole
Spanish	grabolé
Spanish	grevole
an	cardonera
Arabic	بهشية مائية الأوراق
Azerbaijani	Şişyarpaq şümşə
br	kelenn
Catalan	agrifoli
Catalan	arbre de mal gruit
Catalan	arbre de visc
Catalan	boix grèvol
Catalan	coscoll de vesc
Catalan	grèvol
co	caracutu
Czech	cesmína ostrolistá
Czech	cesmína obecná
Welsh	celynen
Welsh	celynnen
Welsh	y gelynen
Welsh	y gelynnen
Welsh	celyn
Danish	almindelig kristtorn
German	europäische stechpalme
German	stechpalme
German	hülse
German	christpalme
German	gemeine stechpalme
German	gewöhnliche stechpalme
German	hulstbaum
German	stachelblattstrauch
German	stacheleiche
German	stechlaub
German	walddistel
Esperanto	ordinara ilekso
Estonian	teravalehine iileks
Basque	gorosti
Persian	خاس کریسمس
Finnish	euroopanorjanlaakeri
Finnish	piikkipaatsama
Finnish	orjanlaakeri
French	houx
Galician	acevo
Galician	acevro
Galician	acivo
Galician	xardón
Galician	acivro
Hebrew	צינית אירופאית
Croatian	božikovina
Croatian	božika
Hungarian	közönséges magyal
Armenian	Սղոցի սովորական
Indonesian	pasir-pasir eropa
Icelandic	kristþyrnir
Italian	agrifogli
Italian	agrifoglio
Japanese	セイヨウヒイラギモチ
Japanese	西洋ヒイラギ
Japanese	西洋柊
Japanese	セイヨウヒイラギ
Kabyle	iɣsel
li	huls (plant)
lmo	scanfòi
Lithuanian	dygialapis bugienis
Macedonian	божиковина
Macedonian	остролисна божиковина
Norwegian Bokmål	kristtorn
Dutch	hulst
Norwegian Nynorsk	beinved
Norwegian Nynorsk	kristtorn
nrm	housse
oc	grefol
Polish	ostrokrzew kolczasty
Portuguese	azevinho
Quechua	acebo
Quechua	asiw
Quechua	asiwu
Russian	Падуб обыкновенный
Russian	Падуб остролистный
sc	olostriche
Slovak	cezmína ostrolistá
Slovenian	navadna bodika
Serbian	Зеленика (биљка)
stq	dulle-huunde
Swedish	kristtorn
Swedish	järnek
Ukrainian	Падуб гостролистовий
Walloon	hoûssea (bouxhon)
zea	ulst
zea	'ulst
Chinese	枸骨叶冬青
Chinese	欧洲冬青
Chinese	歐洲冬青

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria
  - Morocco
  - Tunisia

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Western Asia
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Turkey

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - New South Wales
  - South Australia
  - Tasmania
- New Zealand
  - New Zealand North
  - New Zealand South

Europe click to expand
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Germany
  - Netherlands
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Great Britain
  - Ireland
  - Norway
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Romania
  - Sicilia
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Sardegna
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - Ontario
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - New Jersey
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Oregon
  - Washington
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Virginia
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California
- Western Canada
  - British Columbia

Pacific click to expand
- North-central Pacific
  - Hawaii

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000729203
UNII	GUI17F6P9J
Canadensys	2666
USDA Plants	ILAQ80
Tropicos	2000383
INPN	103514
Flora of Italy	3052
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:83051-1
The Plant List	kew-2860379
Missouri Botanical Garden	276162
PFAF	Ilex aquifolium
PaleoBotany	75107
Open Tree Of Life	670988
Observations.org	6894
NCBI Taxonomy	4298
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000003194
Nature Serve	2.131239
IUCN Red List	202963
IPNI	83051-1
iNaturalist	53856
GBIF	5414222
Freebase	/m/06zy8l
EPPO	ILEAQ
EOL	486842
Elurikkus	5226
Calflora (Californian flora)	4317
USDA GRIN	19666
Wikipedia	Ilex_aquifolium

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_951799425.1	drIleAqui2.1	Chromosome	WELLCOME SANGER INSTITUTE	2023-05-27	36.0x	762.91 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Commodity risk assessment of Tilia cordata and Tilia platyphyllos plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

03-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11066761
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8803
PMID:	38707495

Relationships among Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration, Catalase, Glucose Oxidase, and Antimicrobial Activities of Honeys

Osés SM, Rodríguez C, Valencia O, Fernández-Muiño MA, Sancho MT

Foods

26-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11083411
doi:	10.3390/foods13091344
PMID:	38731715

Saving the local tradition: ethnobotanical survey on the use of plants in Bologna district (Italy)

Chiocchio I, Marincich L, Mandrone M, Trincia S, Tarozzi C, Poli F

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

12-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10936038
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00664-1
PMID:	38475780

Commodity risk assessment of Ligustrum ovalifolium and Ligustrum vulgare plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

07-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10918603
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8648
PMID:	38455154

Chemical Characterization and Biological Properties Assessment of Euphorbia resinifera and Euphorbia officinarum Moroccan Propolis

Boutoub O, El-Guendouz S, Matos I, El Ghadraoui L, Costa MC, Carlier JD, Faleiro ML, Figueiredo AC, Estevinho LM, Miguel MG

Antibiotics (Basel)

29-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10967480
doi:	10.3390/antibiotics13030230
PMID:	38534665

The Orophilous Shrubby Vegetation of the Juniperetalia hemisphaericae Order in Sicily: A Refuge Habitat for Many Endemic Vascular Species

Sciandrello S, Giusso del Galdo G

Plants (Basel)

31-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10857485
doi:	10.3390/plants13030423
PMID:	38337957

Fungal Endophytes: Discovering What Lies within Some of Canada’s Oldest and Most Resilient Grapevines

Ali S, Wright AH, Tanney JB, Renaud JB, Sumarah MW

J Fungi (Basel)

26-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10890244
doi:	10.3390/jof10020105
PMID:	38392777

Commodity risk assessment of Corylus avellana plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

12-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10784871
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8495
PMID:	38222930

Contribution to the Study of Lichenicolous Fungi from Northwest Iberian Peninsula (León and Lugo Provinces)

Etayo J, López de Silanes ME

J Fungi (Basel)

12-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10817535
doi:	10.3390/jof10010060
PMID:	38248969

Traditional Knowledge Evolution over Half of a Century: Local Herbal Resources and Their Changes in the Upper Susa Valley of Northwest Italy

Sulaiman N, Zocchi DM, Borrello MT, Mattalia G, Antoniazzi L, Berlinghof SE, Bewick A, Häfliger I, Schembs M, Torri L, Pieroni A

Plants (Basel)

22-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10780445
doi:	10.3390/plants13010043
PMID:	38202351

Update of the Xylella spp. host plant database – systematic literature search up to 30 June 2023

Gibin D, Gutierrez Linares A, Fasanelli E, Pasinato L, Delbianco A

EFSA J

15-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10722330
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8477
PMID:	38107375

The first complete chloroplast genome sequence of Pentaphragma spicatum Merr. (Pentaphragmataceae) and phylogenetic analysis

Cheng Z, Yu BN, Huang XY, Bin ZJ, Liu SZ, Chi ZJ

Mitochondrial DNA B Resour

12-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10776070
doi:	10.1080/23802359.2023.2290339
PMID:	38196793

Linking functional composition moments of the sub-Mediterranean ecotone with environmental drivers

de Tomás Marín S, Galán Díaz J, Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, Prieto I, de la Riva EG

Front Plant Sci

08-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10748396
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2023.1303022
PMID:	38143583

Temporal variation of allergenic potential in urban parks during the vegetation period: a case study from Bratislava, Slovakia

Zahradníková E, Rendeková A, Ščevková J

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

05-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10791852
doi:	10.1007/s11356-023-31137-9
PMID:	38052730

Deliberate Self-Poisoning with Plants in Southeastern France, a Poison Center 20-Year Report

Torrents R, Reynoard J, Glaizal M, Schmitt C, Fabeck KV, Boulamery A, de Haro L, Simon N

Toxins (Basel)

24-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10747985
doi:	10.3390/toxins15120671
PMID:	38133175

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan glycosides
2-[4-[2-[4-[3,4-Dimethyl-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)oxolan-2-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-1-hydroxypropyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	162881044	Click to see CC1C(C(OC1C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)OC)OC)OC)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)OC)OC(C)C(C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)OC)O)OC)C	790.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80458-8
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
beta-Alnincanol	14633152	Click to see CC(C)C1(CCC(O1)(C)C2CCC3(C2CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C)C	458.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85364-L
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(1S,2R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,12bR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-icosahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	7163172	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097405
(3R,4aS,6aR,6bS,8aS,11R,12S,12aR,14aR,14bR)-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,12,14b-heptamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-ol	162977499	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)CO	442.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097405
(3R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aS,12aR,14aR,14bS)-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-ol	163004286	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)CO)C	442.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097405
(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,11R,12S,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-octamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-ol	10836206	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097405
(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-ol	12358398	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097405
3-Hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid	619166	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097405
4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-octamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-ol	225688	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097405
alpha-Amyrin	73170	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00397385 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617(85)80223-6
Bauerenol	111220	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C4=CCC5C(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2C1C)C)C)O)(C)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097405
Bauerenol	287684	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C4=CCC5C(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2C1C)C)C)O)(C)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097405
Beta-Amyrin	73145	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617(85)80223-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00397385
beta-Amyrone	12306160	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(=O)C5(C)C)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	424.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617(85)80223-6
beta-Ursolic acid	220774	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19552880807 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097405
Olean-12-en-3beta-ol	225689	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097405
Olean-12-ene-3,28-diol	608886	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)CO)C	442.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097405
Oleanolic Acid	10494	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097405
Urs-12-ene-3,28-diol, (3beta)-	3266408	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)CO	442.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097405
Ursolic Acid	64945	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19552880807
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Ergostane steroids / Ergosterols and derivatives
(3S,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	163015454	Click to see CC(C)C(C)CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C	400.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097405
(3S,9R,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(E,2S,5R)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	124928616	Click to see CC(C)C(C)C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2=CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C	396.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097405
5-Cholestene-3-ol, 24-methyl-	312822	Click to see CC(C)C(C)CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C	400.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097405
Ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-ol	247705	Click to see CC(C)C(C)C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2=CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C	396.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097405
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(3S,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	11870456	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097405
(3S,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17R)-17-[(E,2S,5S)-5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	124762119	Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097405
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	122544	Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097405
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097405
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Cyanogenic glycosides
(2R)-2-[(4S)-4-hydroxycyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl]-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyacetonitrile	162988366	Click to see C1C=C(C=CC1O)C(C#N)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	313.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80458-8
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
(2Z)-2-[(4S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene]acetonitrile	6440400	Click to see C1C(C=CC(=CC#N)C1OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O	313.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85364-L
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrans / Pyranones and derivatives / Dihydropyranones
(6R)-Ilexlactone	101445416	Click to see C1C(C=C2C1OC(=O)C=C2)O	152.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83838-8
7,7a-Dihydro-6-hydroxycyclopenta[b]pyran-2(6h)-one	101409158	Click to see C1C(C=C2C1OC(=O)C=C2)O	152.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83838-8
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Rutin	5280805	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19552880807
Vitamin P	5293655	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19552880807

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Ilex aquifolium

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