Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Across the Carpathian Mountains of Romania and the Pindus ranges of Greece, Verbascum phlomoides has been used as a soothing respiratory herb. Herbalists in these regions prepare a weak infusion or decoction of the dried flowers, occasionally mixing leaves, to relieve coughs and reduce catarrh (Janke, 2009). In German-speaking central Europe, the flowers have long been taken as a simple tea or incorporated into cough syrups, while farmwives make poultices of crushed flowers and leaves for skin irritations (Hiller and Melzig, 2010; Bown, 1995). In the Balkans and eastern Mediterranean, herbal practitioners often combine V. phlomoides flowers with honey as a demulcent and prepare gentle flower teas for bronchial complaints (Mills and Bone, 2000).

One practical preparation is a mild tea. Use roughly 1–2 teaspoons (about 1–2 g) of dried V. phlomoides flowers in a teapot, pour 200–250 ml of freshly boiled water, cover, and steep for 10–15 minutes before straining. Drink up to 1–2 cups daily for several days while symptomatic. Traditional syrups can be made by gently warming 1 part flowers with 10 parts water for 30 minutes, pressing, then adding honey once cool; take 1–2 teaspoons as needed. For a tincture, macerate 1 part dried flowers with 5 parts 40% ethanol by volume for 2–4 weeks in a dark place, shaking daily; the finished 1:5 tincture is typically taken in 2–4 ml doses, not more than 3 times daily. As a poultice, crush fresh flowers and a small amount of leaves to a moist paste, apply to affected skin, and reapply several times daily. Do not exceed recommended doses; avoid during pregnancy and lactation. While the plant contains low levels of pyrrolizidine alkaloids under field conditions, many commercial sources specifically state “pyrrolizidine‑free,” and preparations typically use aerial parts in recommended amounts. Do not use in known Asteraceae allergy without medical guidance.

The demulcent and expectorant qualities of V. phlomoides are plausibly linked to its high mucilage, phenolic acids such as verbascoside and luteolin, and saponins, which together soothe irritated mucosa and may aid mucosal clearance (European Medicines Agency, 2016; Milkova, 2015). Limited pharmacopoeial literature includes the plant under the name mullein or considers it a closely related mullein species, reflecting long-standing European pharmacognosy (European Pharmacopoeia; Hiller and Melzig, 2010).

Today, dried flowers and leaf tinctures are widely available in herb shops and online, and flower teas remain common in traditional practice. Commercial cough syrups and standardized liquid extracts continue to be sold in central Europe, and a small but steady stream of research explores V. phlomoides flower extracts for soothing respiratory irritation and modest anti-inflammatory effects (EMA, 2016).

General Uses Top

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Common products:
• Flower corollas: source of flavonoid-rich yellow colorants for dyeing natural protein fibers; historically used in small-scale craft dyeing and occasionally as a bio-indicator in pigment studies. Pigments include luteolin- and apigenin-based glycosides that chelate metal ions to yield bright yellow to olive tones.

Industrial and craft applications:
• Dried pithy flowering stems: employed as natural wicks in handmade torches or oil lamps by rural communities, exploiting the stem’s low-density pith for capillary fuel transport. No evidence of commercial candle manufacture.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
• None documented for this species; related mulleins are not widely used as foods.

Colorants and tanning:
• Flowers and leaves: yield brownish yellow to khaki dyes on wool and silk when used with mordants; not used for leather tanning (no reported tannins).

Wood and fiber:
• Not used for timber or fiber; stems are herbaceous and short-lived.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
• Flowers: limited occasional use in perfumery for green–floral notes; no established commercial cosmetics.

Properties relevant to use:
• Flavonoid profile (luteolin, apigenin glycosides) underlies yellow dye color; saponins in vegetative tissue can assist as mild wetting agents in dyeing processes.

Standards and regulation:
• None specific to this species; general safety and labeling requirements for natural colorants apply in craft use.

Sustainability and sourcing:
• Wild-harvesting feasible but limited by patchy distribution; no certification or cultivation programs documented for non-medicinal uses.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Verbascum slavonicum	Kit.	Pl. Banat. Rar. : 26 (1828)
Verbascum saxatile	Salisb.	Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 104 (1796)
Verbascum rugulosum	Willd.	Enum. Pl. : 224 (1809)
Verbascum semidecurrens	Kit. ex Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. : 526 (1881)
Verbascum viminale	Guss.	Pl. Rar. : 101 (1826)
Verbascum pumilum	Stoj. & Stef.	Oesterr. Bot. Z. 72: 89. 1923
Verbascum rolletianum	hort. ex Roem. & Schult.	Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 4: 333 (1819)
Verbascum australe	Schrad.	Monogr. Verbasci 1: 28 (1813)
Verbascum argyrostachyon	Ten.	Relaz. Viagg. Abruzzo : 52 (1832)
Verbascum bulgaricum	Velen.	Fl. Bulg. : 408 (1891)
Verbascum calvescens	Schur	Enum. Pl. Transsilv. : 481 (1866)
Verbascum belasitzae	Stoj. & Stef.	Fl. Bulg. : 987 (1925)
Verbascum italicum	Moric.	Fl. Venet. 1: 116 (1820)
Verbascum macranthum	Hoffmanns. & Link	Fl. Portug. 1: 215 (1811)
Verbascum nemorosum	Schrad.	Monogr. Verbasci 1: 32 (1813)
Verbascum condensatum	Schrad.	Monogr. Verbasci 1: 31 (1813)
Verbascum grandiflorum	Mill.	Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 5 (1768)
Thapsus phlomoides	Opiz	Seznam : 96 (1852)
Flomosia condensata	Raf.	Fl. Tellur. 4: 89 (1838)
Flomosia nemarosa	Raf.	Fl. Tellur. 4: 89 (1838)
Flomosia phlomoides	Raf.	Fl. Tellur. 4: 89 (1838)
Verbascum phlomoides var. glabrescens	Zalewski	Kosmos (Lvov) 5/6: 14 (1896)
Verbascum thapsoides	Vill.	Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 2: 490 (1787)
Verbascum montanum	Griseb.	Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 49 (1844)
Verbascum jernacha	Hochst. ex Benth.	Prodr. 10: 227 (1846)
Verbascum foemina	Garsault	Fig. Pl. Méd. : t. 613b (1764)
Verbascum formanekii	Borbás ex Formánek	Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 31: 122 (1892 publ. 1893)
Verbascum phlomoides f. eramosum	Todor & Gergely	Contr. Bot. Univ. "Babeş-Bolyai" Cluj-Napoca 1971: 213 (1971)
Verbascum phlomoides var. ramosum	Freyn & E.Brandis	Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 38: 621 (1888)
Verbascum phlomoides var. flavum	Alef.	Landw. Fl. : 124 (1866)
Verbascum phlomoides var. album	Alef.	Landw. Fl. : 125 (1866)
Verbascum phlomoides var. kochii	Alef.	Landw. Fl. : 125 (1866)
Verbascum phlomoides var. nemorosum	(Schrad.) Dumort.	Fl. Belg. : 38 (1827)
Verbascum phlomoides var. condensatum	(Schrad.) Alef.	Landw. Fl. : 125 (1866)
Verbascum phlomoides var. denudatum	Wimm. & Grab.	Fl. Siles. 1: 196 (1827)
Verbascum phlomoides var. decurrens	Rouy	Rev. Sci. Nat. (Montpellier) , sér. 3, 3: 61 (1883)
Verbascum phlomoides var. australe	(Schrad.) Dumort.	Fl. Belg. : 38 (1827)
Verbascum thapsus var. condensatum	(Schrad.) Wahlenb.	Fl. Suecica 1: 140 (1824)
Verbascum phlomoides var. macranthum	Rouy	Fl. France 11: 7 (1909)
Verbascum phlomoides var. semidecurrens	Mert. & W.D.J.Koch	Deutschl. Fl. , ed. 3, 3: 298 (1831)
Verbascum thapsiforme subsp. phlomoides	(L.) Corb.	Nouv. Fl. Normandie : 415 (1894)
Verbascum thapsiforme var. condensatum	(Schrad.) Hartm.	Handb. Skand. Fl. , ed. 2: 65 (1832)
Verbascum tomentosum	Lam.	Fl. Franç. 2: 260 (1779)
Verbascum pulverulentum	Spreng.	Fl. Hal. Tent. Nov. : 74 (1806)
Verbascum phlomoides prol. nemorosum	(Schrad.) Rouy	Fl. France 11: 8 (1909)
Verbascum phlomoides subsp. australe	(Schrad.) Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. : 526 (1881)
Verbascum phlomoides var. condensatum	(Schrad.) Rouy	Fl. France 11: 7 (1909)
Verbascum phlomoides subsp. australe	Bonnier & Layens	Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France : 228 (1894)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	orange mullein
English	pale yellow mullein
English	clasping-leaf mullein
English	woolly mullein
English	wooly mullein
Spanish	gordolobo bastardo
Spanish	gordolobo anaranjado
Azerbaijani	bozaqgülünəbənzər sığırquyruğu
Belarusian	Дзіванна касматая
Bulgarian	лечебен лопен
Czech	divizna sápovitá
Welsh	pannog oren
German	windblumen-königskerze
German	gewöhnlich-königskerze
Finnish	rohtotulikukka
French	molène faux phlomis
French	molene faux phlomis
French	molène faux-phlomis
Upper Sorbian	wołmjana dźiwizna
Hungarian	szöszös ökörfarkkóró
Norwegian Bokmål	hjertekongslys
Dutch	keizerskaars
Dutch	oranje toorts
Polish	dziewanna kutnerowata
Romanian	lumnărică
Russian	коровяк лекарственный
Russian	коровяк мохнатый
Slovak	divozel sápovitý
Slovenian	navadni lučnik
Serbian	Дивизма
Swedish	läkekungsljus
Ukrainian	дивина звичайна

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan
- Siberia
  - Altay
- Western Asia
  - East Aegean Islands
  - Turkey

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Belarus
  - Central European Russia
  - Krym
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Great Britain
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Romania
  - Sicilia
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Sardegna
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - Ontario
  - Prince Edward Island
  - Québec
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Illinois
  - Iowa
  - Minnesota
  - Missouri
  - Wisconsin
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut
  - Indiana
  - Maine
  - Massachusetts
  - Michigan
  - New Jersey
  - New York
  - Ohio
  - Pennsylvania
  - Rhode Island
  - Vermont
  - West Virginia
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado
  - Oregon
  - Washington
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Arkansas
  - Delaware
  - District Of Columbia
  - Georgia
  - Kentucky
  - Maryland
  - North Carolina
  - South Carolina
  - Tennessee
  - Virginia
- Western Canada
  - Alberta
  - British Columbia
  - Manitoba
  - Saskatchewan

Southern America click to expand
- Western South America
  - Bolivia
  - Ecuador

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000419193
UNII	O6F787X697
Canadensys	9328
USDA Plants	VEPH
Tropicos	29200219
INPN	128627
Flora of Italy	4749
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:770045-1
The Plant List	kew-2453401
Open Tree Of Life	934439
Observations.org	7611
NCBI Taxonomy	90365
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000004048
Nature Serve	2.130489
IPNI	770045-1
iNaturalist	170140
GBIF	3171948
WisFlora	5337
EPPO	VESPH
EOL	578533
Elurikkus	8131
USDA GRIN	102312
Wikipedia	Verbascum_phlomoides

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

A systematic methodology to assess the identity of plants in historical texts: A case study based on the Byzantine pharmacy text John the Physician's Therapeutics

Lardos A, Patmore K, Allkin R, Lazarou R, Nesbitt M, Scott AC, Zipser B

J Ethnopharmacol

25-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC7615571
doi:	10.1016/j.jep.2023.117622
PMID:	38128894

Proportion of Over-The-Counter Medicines Containing a Plant Component and Those with Synthetic Substances Administered among Children in a Bulgarian Population

Hadzhieva B, Petkova-Dimitrova V

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

31-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10892009
doi:	10.3390/ph17020192
PMID:	38399407

Ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal research into medicinal plants in the Mt Stara Planina region (south-eastern Serbia, Western Balkans)

Jarić S, Kostić O, Miletić Z, Marković M, Sekulić D, Mitrović M, Pavlović P

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

10-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10782642
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00647-2
PMID:	38200599

Natural Products for the Prevention and Treatment of Common Cold and Viral Respiratory Infections

Mammari N, Albert Q, Devocelle M, Kenda M, Kočevar Glavač N, Sollner Dolenc M, Mercolini L, Tóth J, Milan N, Czigle S, Varbanov M

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

28-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10220542
doi:	10.3390/ph16050662
PMID:	37242445

Leucosceptosides A and B: Two Phenyl-Ethanoid Glycosides with Important Occurrence and Biological Activities

Frezza C, De Vita D, Toniolo C, Sciubba F, Tomassini L, Venditti A, Bianco A, Serafini M, Foddai S

Biomolecules

02-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9775335
doi:	10.3390/biom12121807
PMID:	36551235

Southern Carpathian ultramafic grasslands within the central-southeast European context: syntaxonomic classification and overall eco-coenotic patterns

Coldea G, Gafta D, Negrean G, Stoica AI, Hurdu BI

Bot Stud

12-Oct-2022

PMCID:	PMC9556682
doi:	10.1186/s40529-022-00355-8
PMID:	36222902

The Antioxidative Effects of Picein and Its Neuroprotective Potential: A Review of the Literature

Elyasi L, Rosenholm JM, Jesmi F, Jahanshahi M

Molecules

21-Sep-2022

PMCID:	PMC9571929
doi:	10.3390/molecules27196189
PMID:	36234724

Inhibition of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) by repurposing/designing drug-like substances and utilizing nature’s toolbox of bioactive compounds

Antonopoulou I, Sapountzaki E, Rova U, Christakopoulos P

Comput Struct Biotechnol J

14-Mar-2022

PMCID:	PMC8920478
doi:	10.1016/j.csbj.2022.03.009
PMID:	35308802

Influence of Habitat Types on Diversity and Species Composition of Urban Flora—A Case Study in Serbia

Glišić M, Jakovljević K, Lakušić D, Šinžar-Sekulić J, Vukojičić S, Tabašević M, Jovanović S

Plants (Basel)

25-Nov-2021

PMCID:	PMC8704744
doi:	10.3390/plants10122572
PMID:	34961043

Verbascoside Protects Gingival Cells against High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress via PKC/HMGB1/RAGE/NFκB Pathway

Hsieh PF, Yu CC, Chu PM, Hsieh PL

Antioxidants (Basel)

12-Sep-2021

PMCID:	PMC8464661
doi:	10.3390/antiox10091445
PMID:	34573077

Acteoside Counteracts Interleukin-1β-Induced Catabolic Processes through the Modulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and the NFκB Cellular Signaling Pathway

Lim H, Kim DK, Kim TH, Kang KR, Seo JY, Cho SS, Yun Y, Choi YY, Leem J, Kim HW, Jo GU, Oh CJ, Oh DS, Chun HS, Kim JS

Oxid Med Cell Longev

24-Mar-2021

PMCID:	PMC8016581
doi:	10.1155/2021/8684725
PMID:	33833854

Potential Ecological and Human Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Soils in Selected Copper Mining Areas—A Case Study: The Bor Area

Filimon MN, Caraba IV, Popescu R, Dumitrescu G, Verdes D, Petculescu Ciochina L, Sinitean A

Int J Environ Res Public Health

05-Feb-2021

PMCID:	PMC7914753
doi:	10.3390/ijerph18041516
PMID:	33562751

In silico Screening of Natural Compounds as Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease and Spike RBD: Targets for COVID-19

Teli DM, Shah MB, Chhabria MT

Front Mol Biosci

19-Jan-2021

PMCID:	PMC7852456
doi:	10.3389/fmolb.2020.599079
PMID:	33542917

Extracts of Thai Perilla frutescens nutlets attenuate tumour necrosis factor-α-activated generation of microparticles, ICAM-1 and IL-6 in human endothelial cells

Paradee N, Utama-ang N, Uthaipibull C, Porter JB, Garbowski MW, Srichairatanakool S

Biosci Rep

29-May-2020

PMCID:	PMC7260356
doi:	10.1042/BSR20192110
PMID:	32426811

Phytoremediation Potential, Photosynthetic and Antioxidant Response to Arsenic-Induced Stress of Dactylis glomerata L. Sown on Fly Ash Deposits

Gajić G, Djurdjević L, Kostić O, Jarić S, Stevanović B, Mitrović M, Pavlović P

Plants (Basel)

22-May-2020

PMCID:	PMC7284476
doi:	10.3390/plants9050657
PMID:	32456107

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides
(1S,4aS,5S,7S,7aR)-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-Hexahydro-4a,5,7-trihydroxy-7-methylcyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl beta-D-glucopyranoside	145706031	Click to see	364.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(72)85053-2
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(1S,4aR,5S,7aS)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	163080111	Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C=C(C3C2C=COC3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O	478.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-009-9420-0
[(3R,4R,5R,6S)-6-[[(1S,4aR,5S,7aS)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-5-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	102445639	Click to see	624.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00446-3
[(3R,4R,5R,6S)-6-[[(1S,4aR,5S,7aS)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-5-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl] (Z)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	163193402	Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C=C(C3C2C=COC3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)CO)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC5=CC=C(C=C5)O	624.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00446-3
[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-[[7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-5-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl] 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	162955899	Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C=C(C3C2C=COC3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)CO)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC5=CC=C(C=C5)O	624.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00446-3
Aucubin	91458	Click to see C1=COC(C2C1C(C=C2CO)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	346.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-009-9420-0
Rhinanthin	348157	Click to see	346.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-009-9420-0
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-2-[[(1S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17S,18R)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	162984269	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OC3C(C(OC(C3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC5CCC6(C(C5(C)CO)CCC7(C6C=CC89C7(CCC1(C8CC(CC1)(C)C)CO9)C)C)C)C)O)CO)O)O)O	1073.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00446-3
(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4R,4aR,6aS,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aR,14aR,14bR)-6a-hydroxy-4,8a-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	162875660	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OC3C(OC(C(C3O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC5CCC6(C(C5(C)CO)CCC7(C6C=CC8(C7(CCC9(C8CC(CC9)(C)C)CO)C)O)C)C)C)CO)O)O)O	1091.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.19801130510
2-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-[[9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	73157220	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OC3C(C(OC(C3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC5CCC6(C(C5(C)CO)CCC7(C6C=CC89C7(CCC1(C8CC(CC1)(C)C)CO9)C)C)C)C)O)CO)O)O)O	1073.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00446-3
2-[5-Hydroxy-2-[[9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	162936539	Click to see	927.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00446-3
2-[6-[6-[[6a-hydroxy-4,8a-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	162875659	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OC3C(OC(C(C3O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC5CCC6(C(C5(C)CO)CCC7(C6C=CC8(C7(CCC9(C8CC(CC9)(C)C)CO)C)O)C)C)C)CO)O)O)O	1091.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.19801130510
Desrhamnosylverbascosaponin	102445401	Click to see	927.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00446-3
Verbascosaponin	188264	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OC3C(C(OC(C3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC5CCC6(C(C5(C)CO)CCC7(C6C=CC89C7(CCC1(C8CC(CC1)(C)C)CO9)C)C)C)C)O)CO)O)O)O	1073.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00446-3 https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.199319930167
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
Catalpinoside	3917786	Click to see	362.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-009-9420-0
Catalpol	91520	Click to see	362.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-009-9420-0
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides
Forsythoside B	23928102	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)COC4C(C(CO4)(CO)O)O)OCCC5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O	756.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00446-3
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethoxy]-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	163185483	Click to see	640.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-012-0125-4
[6-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethoxy]-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl] 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	4484593	Click to see	640.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-012-0125-4
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 3-O-(6-Deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-4-O-((2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside	132274946	Click to see	624.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00446-3
Verbascoside	5281800	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)CO)OCCC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O	624.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00446-3
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acid esters / Coumaric acid esters
[4,5-Dihydroxy-2-[[2-(hydroxymethyl)-10-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,9-dioxatricyclo[4.4.0.02,4]dec-7-en-5-yl]oxy]-6-methyloxan-3-yl] 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	85446975	Click to see	654.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-009-9420-0
Saccatoside	15736668	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C3C=COC(C3C4(C2O4)CO)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O)O	654.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-009-9420-0
Specioside	11948661	Click to see	508.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00446-3
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Apigenin	5280443	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	270.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-012-0125-4
Luteolin	5280445	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O	286.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-012-0125-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol	5280863	Click to see	286.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-012-0125-4
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see	302.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-012-0125-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Rutin	5280805	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-012-0125-4
Vitamin P	5293655	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-012-0125-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
7-(alpha-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one	12304095	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-012-0125-4
Hesperetin-7-Rutinoside	3594	Click to see	610.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1101600
Hesperidin	10621	Click to see	610.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1101600
Luteolin 7-O-glucoside	5280637	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-012-0125-4
Npc85473	5385553	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-012-0125-4
Npc85550	5291488	Click to see	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-012-0125-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Isoflavonoid O-glycosides
3-[7-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-2-yl]oxy-3-oxopropanoic acid	162879552	Click to see	530.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-009-9420-0

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Verbascum phlomoides

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