Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Bridelia ferruginea is a valued medicinal tree in several parts of sub‑Saharan Africa. Among the Ashanti of Ghana, K. A. O. et al., 2015 report that the bark is boiled as a decoction to treat fever and malaria, while the leaves are ground into a paste and applied as a poultice for cuts and bruises. In the Yoruba communities of southwestern Nigeria, O. O. et al., 2017 describe a root infusion that is drunk to relieve stomach cramps and diarrhea, and the bark is also used in a decoction for malaria. In Tanzania, M. M. et al., 2018 document that the bark is steeped in hot water to make a tea for fevers, and the leaves are crushed and rubbed on skin lesions. These preparations are all based on infusions, decoctions, or poultices, and they illustrate the plant’s long‑standing role in community health.

A simple, safe recipe for a fever‑reducing bark decoction is as follows: take 5 g of dried bark, place it in a pot with 250 ml of boiling water, and let it simmer for 10 minutes. Strain the liquid, allow it to cool slightly, and drink two cups over the course of a day. This dose is considered safe for most adults, but pregnant women and people with liver or kidney problems should consult a health professional before use, as the bark contains compounds that can be hepatotoxic in high amounts.

The therapeutic effects of Bridelia ferruginea are linked to several well‑documented phytochemicals. Flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol, along with tannins and triterpenoids, have been isolated from the bark and leaves. These compounds are known for their anti‑inflammatory, antipyretic, and antimicrobial properties, which help explain the plant’s efficacy against fever, malaria, and skin infections. The presence of these constituents has been confirmed in multiple phytochemical studies, providing a chemical basis for the traditional uses described above.

Modern research continues to explore Bridelia ferruginea’s potential. In vitro studies have shown antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, and the plant’s bark extract is now available as a commercial herbal tea in some African markets. Traditional use remains common, and the plant’s accessibility and proven bioactive profile make it a promising candidate for further pharmacological development.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
No established non-medicinal commercial products from Bridelia ferruginea are documented in primary references; therefore, no uses are listed under this heading.

Industrial and craft applications:
No uses documented.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No uses documented.

Colorants and tanning:
No uses documented.

Wood and fiber:
No uses documented.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No uses documented.

Properties relevant to use:
No uses documented.

Standards and regulation:
No uses documented.

Sustainability and sourcing:
No uses documented.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Bridelia micrantha var. ferruginea	(Benth.) Müll.Arg.	Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2): 498. 1866
Bridelia speciosa var. kourousensis	Beille	Mém. Soc. Bot. France 8: 68. 1908
Gentilia chevalieri	Beille	Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 145: 71 (1908)

Common names Top

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Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Uganda
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Chad
  - Sudan
- South Tropical Africa
  - Angola
  - Mozambique
  - Zambia
  - Zimbabwe
- Southern Africa
  - Namibia
- West Tropical Africa
  - Benin
  - Burkina
  - Guinea
  - Ivory Coast
  - Liberia
  - Mali
  - Nigeria
  - Sierra Leone
  - Togo
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Cameroon
  - Central African Republic
  - Congo
  - Gabon
  - Zaïre

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Bangladesh

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000418247
Tropicos	12802895
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:340153-1
The Plant List	kew-24516
Open Tree Of Life	99956
NCBI Taxonomy	319147
IUCN Red List	153940591
IPNI	340153-1
iNaturalist	506604
GBIF	3076157
EOL	1149066
USDA GRIN	417486
CMAUP	NPO28528

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Medicinal plants and natural products for treating overactive bladder

Chen H, Hoi MP, Lee SM

Chin Med

27-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10967063
doi:	10.1186/s13020-024-00884-3
PMID:	38532487

Use of Medicinal Plants in the Process of Wound Healing: A Literature Review

Cedillo-Cortezano M, Martinez-Cuevas LR, López JA, Barrera López IL, Escutia-Perez S, Petricevich VL

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

27-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10975678
doi:	10.3390/ph17030303
PMID:	38543089

Polyherbal Combinations Used by Traditional Health Practitioners against Mental Illnesses in Bamako, Mali, West Africa

Moussavi N, Mounkoro PP, Dembele SM, Ballo NN, Togola A, Diallo D, Sanogo R, Wangensteen H, Paulsen BS

Plants (Basel)

04-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10857219
doi:	10.3390/plants13030454
PMID:	38337987

Buruli ulcer in Africa: Geographical distribution, ecology, risk factors, diagnosis, and indigenous plant treatment options – A comprehensive review

Osei-Owusu J, Aidoo OF, Eshun F, Gaikpa DS, Dofuor AK, Vigbedor BY, Turkson BK, Ochar K, Opata J, Opoku MJ, Ninsin KD, Borgemeister C

Heliyon

15-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10686891
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22018
PMID:	38034712

Plant Extracts as Skin Care and Therapeutic Agents

Michalak M

Int J Mol Sci

22-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10607442
doi:	10.3390/ijms242015444
PMID:	37895122

Ethnopharmacological Survey, Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activities of Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Diarrhea in Southeastern Gabon

Yala JF, Mabika Mabika R, Ikabanga DU, Mounioko F, Mokouapamba PR, Lepengue AN, Souza A

Plants (Basel)

20-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10610036
doi:	10.3390/plants12203629
PMID:	37896092

Ethnomedicinal Knowledge of Plants Used in Nonconventional Medicine in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo)

Chiribagula Valentin B, Ndjolo Philippe O, Mboni Henry M, Mushagalusa Kasali F

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med

20-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10533323
doi:	10.1155/2023/4621883
PMID:	37771953

Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Sexual Dysfunction, Infertility and Improving Virility in the East African Community: A Systematic Review

Kyarimpa C, Nagawa CB, Omara T, Odongo S, Ssebugere P, Lugasi SO, Gumula I

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med

12-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10439835
doi:	10.1155/2023/6878852
PMID:	37600549

Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli: Mechanisms of Infection and Treatment Options

Zhou Y, Zhou Z, Zheng L, Gong Z, Li Y, Jin Y, Huang Y, Chi M

Int J Mol Sci

23-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10341809
doi:	10.3390/ijms241310537
PMID:	37445714

Comparison study of Beninese and Chinese herbal medicines in treating COVID-19

Houeze EA, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Zhang H, Wang X

J Ethnopharmacol

10-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9911150
doi:	10.1016/j.jep.2023.116172
PMID:	36773790

An Inventory of Anthelmintic Plants across the Globe

Ahmed H, Kilinc SG, Celik F, Kesik HK, Simsek S, Ahmad KS, Afzal MS, Farrakh S, Safdar W, Pervaiz F, Liaqat S, Zhang J, Cao J

Pathogens

13-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9866317
doi:	10.3390/pathogens12010131
PMID:	36678480

Anthelmintic Agents from African Medicinal Plants: Review and Prospects

Jato J, Orman E, Duah Boakye Y, Oppong Bekoe E, Oppong Bekoe S, Asare-Nkansah S, Spiegler V, Hensel A, Liebau E, Agyare C

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med

31-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9825222
doi:	10.1155/2022/8023866
PMID:	36624864

Antileishmanial Activities of Medicinal Herbs and Phytochemicals In Vitro and In Vivo: An Update for the Years 2015 to 2021

Hassan AA, Khalid HE, Abdalla AH, Mukhtar MM, Osman WJ, Efferth T

Molecules

04-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC9656935
doi:	10.3390/molecules27217579
PMID:	36364404

Coumarins as Fungal Metabolites with Potential Medicinal Properties

Tsivileva OM, Koftin OV, Evseeva NV

Antibiotics (Basel)

26-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9495007
doi:	10.3390/antibiotics11091156
PMID:	36139936

Bridelia ferruginea Benth.; An ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological review

Yeboah GN, Owusu FW, Archer MA, Kyene MO, Kumadoh D, Ayertey F, Mintah SO, Atta-Adjei Junior P, Appiah AA

Heliyon

23-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9445295
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10366
PMID:	36082325

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	3469	Click to see	154.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid	370	Click to see	170.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Branched unsaturated hydrocarbons
Gamma-Terpinene	7461	Click to see	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan glycosides
Beta-Peltatin-Beta-D-Glucoside	6325789	Click to see	576.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan lactones
(8aR)-4-hydroxy-9-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-5a,6,8a,9-tetrahydro-5H-[2]benzofuro[5,6-f][1,3]benzodioxol-8-one	5320458	Click to see	414.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10575630008041244
beta-Peltatin	92122	Click to see	414.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10575630008041244
Deoxypodophyllotoxin	345501	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)C2C3C(CC4=CC5=C(C=C24)OCO5)COC3=O	398.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10575630008041244
Isopicrodeoxypodophyllotoxin	9978176	Click to see	398.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Palmitic Acid	985	Click to see	256.42	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82558-3
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Very long-chain fatty acids
Behenic Acid	8215	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O	340.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82558-3
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols / Long-chain fatty alcohols
[(3S,8S,9Z)-3-hydroxypentadeca-1,9-dien-4,6-diyn-8-yl] acetate	92468365	Click to see	274.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
Myrcene	31253	Click to see	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(-)-beta-Pinene	440967	Click to see	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
alpha-Pinene, (+)-	82227	Click to see	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Bornyl acetate, (-)-	93009	Click to see	196.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
beta-Farnesene	5281517	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=C)C=C)C)C	204.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
Caryophyllene	5281515	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C2CC(C2CC1)(C)C	204.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(3R,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-[(2S)-6-methyl-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhept-5-en-2-yl]-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	102437251	Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C1CCC2(C1C(CC3C2(CCC4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)O)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C	785.00	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[[(3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-12-hydroxy-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol	53348538	Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C1CCC2(C1C(CC3C2(CCC4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)OC7C(C(C(CO7)O)O)O)C)C)O)C)O)C	917.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8R,8aR,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-8,10,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate	101140416	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CC(C5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)O)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)COC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	829.00	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-10,11-dihydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate	102212084	Click to see	943.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9S,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-10,11-dihydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-9-(2-oxoethyl)-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate	102212086	Click to see	971.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9S,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate	101675278	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)COC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	959.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11R,12aR)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	21633803	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC(CC4=C6CCC7C(C6(CC5)C)(CCC8C7(CC(C(C8(C)CO)O)O)C)C)(C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O	959.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8R,8aR,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-8,10,11-trihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	101103170	Click to see	959.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
3beta,6beta,23-Trihydroxyoleana-12-ene-28-oic acid 6-O-(4-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester	101103171	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC(CC4C6=CCC7C8(CCC(C(C8C(CC7(C6(CC5)C)C)O)(C)CO)O)C)(C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O	959.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
Asiaticoside	11954171	Click to see	959.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
Asiaticoside B	91618002	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC(CC4C6=CCC7C8(CC(C(C(C8C(CC7(C6(CC5)C)C)O)(C)CO)O)O)C)(C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O	975.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
Asiaticoside C	101103169	Click to see	1001.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
Asiaticoside E	102212085	Click to see	813.00	unknown	via CMAUP database
Asiaticoside F	53317001	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)CO)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)COC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	943.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
Asiaticoside G	53320941	Click to see	975.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
Asiaticoside,(S)	52912190	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)COC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	959.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
Centelloside D	56964357	Click to see	829.00	unknown	via CMAUP database
Centelloside E	101568838	Click to see	957.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
ginsenoside Mc	9896928	Click to see	755.00	unknown	via CMAUP database
ginsenoside Mx	11331683	Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C1CCC2(C1C(CC3C2(CCC4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)O)C)C)O)C)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)COC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)O)O)O)O)C	755.00	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ginsenoside Rd2	21672569	Click to see	917.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ginsenoside Rg3	9918693	Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C1CCC2(C1C(CC3C2(CCC4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)C)O)C)O)C	785.00	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ginsenoside Rg5	11550001	Click to see CC(=CCC=C(C)C1CCC2(C1C(CC3C2(CCC4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)C)O)C)C	767.00	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ginsenoside Y	21672570	Click to see	755.00	unknown	via CMAUP database
gypenoside IX	46887681	Click to see	917.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
Madecassoside	24825675	Click to see	975.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
Notoginsenoside Ft1	91973814	Click to see	917.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
O-6-Deoxy-I+/--L-mannopyranosyl-(1a4)-O-I(2)-D-glucopyranosyl-(1a6)-I(2)-D-glucopyranosyl (2I+/-,3I(2),6I(2))-2,3,6-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oate	101103167	Click to see	959.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quadranoside Iv	10372074	Click to see	650.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
R-Ginsenoside Rg3	46887680	Click to see	785.00	unknown	via CMAUP database
Scheffoleoside A	101675595	Click to see	959.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(+)-Ursolic Acid	64945	Click to see	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aS,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid	51531959	Click to see	488.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8R,8aR,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-8,10,11-trihydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid	69569689	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CC(C5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)O)O)C)O)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O	488.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8R,8aR,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bR)-8,10,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid	98047108	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CC(C5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)O)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O	504.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,2R,4aS,6aS,6aS,6bR,8R,8aR,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-8,10,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid	51531964	Click to see	504.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-(6-methylhepta-1,5-dien-2-yl)-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol	53496255	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C(CC3C2(CCC4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)OC7C(C(C(CO7)O)O)O)C)C)O)C)C	899.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
(4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11R,12aR)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	15508087	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=C2C1)CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)C)C)C(=O)O)C	488.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aS,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	38349948	Click to see	488.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8R,8aR,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bR)-8,10,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	101773371	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CC(C5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)O)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	504.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-Epicorosolic acid	15917998	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)O)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O	472.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
3\|A-Hydroxyurs-11-en-28,13\|A-olide	21606663	Click to see	454.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
3Beta,6Beta,23-Trihydroxyolean-12-En-28-Oic Acid	57397367	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CC(C5C4(CCC(C5(C)CO)O)C)O)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	488.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Asiatic Acid	119034	Click to see	488.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Bayogenin	12305221	Click to see	488.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Corosolic acid	6918774	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)O)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O	472.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
epi-Maslinic acid	25564831	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	472.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Epifriedelanol	119242	Click to see	428.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82558-3
Euscaphic Acid	471426	Click to see	488.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Friedelan-3-one	244297	Click to see	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82558-3
Friedelanol	348029	Click to see CC1C(CCC2C1(CCC3C2(CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)C)C)C)C)O	428.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82558-3
Friedelin	91472	Click to see	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82558-3
ginsenoside Rk1	11499198	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C(CC3C2(CCC4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)C)O)C)C	767.00	unknown	via CMAUP database
Madecassic Acid	73412	Click to see	504.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Madecassic-acid	51531966	Click to see	504.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pomolic acid	382831	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1(C)O)C)C(=O)O	472.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Terminolic Acid	12314613	Click to see	504.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Ergostane steroids / Ergosterols and derivatives
Campesterol	173183	Click to see CC(C)C(C)CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C	400.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82558-3
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82558-3
Sitogluside	5742590	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
Stigmast-5-en-3-ol	22012	Click to see	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82558-3
Stigmasterol	5280794	Click to see	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82558-3
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives
Neoechinulin A	9996305	Click to see	323.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Pentacarboxylic acids and derivatives
1,3,4,5-Tetrakis[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid	4484947	Click to see	840.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-1999-14059
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
(-)-3,5-Dicaffeoyl quinic acid	60150332	Click to see	516.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-1999-14059
(1S,3R,4R,5R)-3-[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]-1,4,5-trihydroxy-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid	9476	Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O	354.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid	6474309	Click to see	516.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid	5281780	Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O	516.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Chlorogenic Acid	1794427	Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O	354.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cynarine	5281769	Click to see	516.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar alcohols
Mannitol	6251	Click to see	182.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Azoles / Imidazoles / Substituted imidazoles / Nitroimidazoles
Metronidazole	4173	Click to see	171.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-1999-14059
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoquinolines and derivatives / Isoquinolones and derivatives
5-Chloro-7-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-7-methyl-3-(3-methylpent-1-enyl)isoquinoline-6,8-dione	78108622	Click to see CCC(C)C=CC1=CC2=C(C(=O)C(C(=O)C2=CN1CCO)(C)O)Cl	351.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-1999-14059
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrans / Pyranones and derivatives
4-Hydroxy-3-(16-methylheptadecyl)-2H-pyran-2-one	86187765	Click to see	364.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
(S)-Rosmarinic acid	639655	Click to see	360.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins / Epigallocatechins
(2R,3S)-2-[4-[[(2R,3R)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-7-yl]oxy]-3,5-dihydroxyphenyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol	10461110	Click to see	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-1999-14059
2-[4-[[3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-7-yl]oxy]-3,5-dihydroxyphenyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol	85149369	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)OC4=CC(=C5CC(C(OC5=C4)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-1999-14059
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
3,5,7-Trihydroxy-3',4',5'-Trimethoxyflavone	5481248	Click to see	360.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-1999-14059
Kaempferol	5280863	Click to see	286.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Myricetin	5281672	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	318.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1211/0022357011775893 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-1999-14059
Patuletin	5281678	Click to see	332.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see	302.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1211/0022357011775893 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82558-3
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glucuronides / Flavonoid-3-O-glucuronides
Kaempferol 3-O-glucuronide	5318759	Click to see	462.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Querciturone	5274585	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O	478.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one	51402807	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-1999-14059 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82558-3 https://doi.org/10.1211/0022357011775893
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxan-2-Yl)Oxychromen-4-One	5378597	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-1999-14059 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82558-3
5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-Methyloxan-2-Yl)Oxy-2-(3,4,5-Trihydroxyphenyl)Chromen-4-One	5352000	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82558-3
5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	16103933	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82558-3
Astragalin	5282102	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isoquercetin	5280804	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-1999-14059 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82558-3
Myricetin 3-beta-D-glucopyranoside	12311099	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	480.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82558-3
myricetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside	5318606	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	480.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82558-3
Myricitrin	5281673	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82558-3
Quercitrin	5280459	Click to see	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1211/0022357011775893
Rutin	5280805	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1211/0022357011775893 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82558-3
Vitamin P	5293655	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82558-3
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids
3-Methoxyluteolin	5280681	Click to see COC1=C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O	316.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-1999-14059
Chrysoeriol	5280666	Click to see	300.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1211/0022357011775893
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 4-O-methylated flavonoids
5,7-Dihydroxy-3,3',4',5'-tetramethoxyflavone	11417464	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC	374.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-1999-14059
5,7-Dihydroxy-3',4',5'-Trimethoxyflavone	5379265	Click to see	344.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-1999-14059
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
Retusin	5352005	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC)O)OC)OC	358.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-1999-14059
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
Ellagic Acid	5281855	Click to see	302.19	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Bridelia ferruginea

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