Ilex macropoda
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID644053a558652003176787 |
| Scientific name | Ilex macropoda |
| Authority | Miq. |
| First published in | Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 105 (1867) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Live plants grown for ornamental use. Ilex macropoda is listed in horticultural catalogues of China, Japan, and Korea as an evergreen shrub used for hedges, topiary, and formal garden plantings. The species is sold as seedlings, rooted cuttings, and container‑grown specimens for commercial nurseries and landscaping projects.
- Propagation material. Seedlings are supplied to growers as rootstock for grafting other Ilex cultivars, particularly in the production of holly varieties that require vigorous, disease‑resistant root systems.
Industrial and craft applications:
- Grafting rootstock. Commercial nurseries employ I. macropoda seedlings as vigor‑enhancing rootstocks for ornamental Ilex species, improving uniformity and reducing losses from soil‑borne pathogens in container production. The practice is described in horticultural propagation manuals and nursery trade publications.
- Cut‑stock production. The species’ readily rooted cuttings are used to produce uniform young plants for the ornamental market, facilitating large‑scale propagation.
Scientific/model‑organism use:
- Genetic and phylogenetic research. The complete chloroplast genome of I. macropoda has been sequenced and published in peer‑reviewed journals, providing a reference for comparative studies within the Aquifoliaceae family. The species is therefore used as a model taxon in chloroplast phylogenomic analyses and in the construction of molecular databases.
Properties relevant to use:
- Evergreen, glossy, leathery foliage that retains visual interest throughout the year and tolerates repeated pruning, making it suitable for formal hedges and topiary.
- Moderately upright, compact growth habit that fits container cultivation and bonsai training, with a reported cold‑hardiness to –15 °C in suitable micro‑climates.
- Tolerant of moderate drought and urban pollutants, contributing to its suitability for city landscaping.
Standards and regulation:
- Exports of I. macropoda nursery stock are subject to the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) and national phytosanitary regulations, including compliance with International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM) for plant material.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- Production is based on cultivated nursery stock; commercial reports indicate that the species is not harvested from wild populations for ornamental trade.
- Cultivation practices follow sustainable horticultural guidelines, with seed collection from cultivated parent plants and use of standard nursery protocols that minimize environmental impact.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Ilex costata | Blume ex Maxim. | Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7 , 29(3): 51 (1881) |
| Ilex dubia var. macropoda | (Miq.) Loes. | Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 487 1901 |
| Ilex dubia var. pseudomacropoda | Loes. | Pl. Wilson. 1(1): 82 1911 |
| Ilex montana var. macropoda | (Miq.) Fernald | Rhodora 41: 428 (1939) |
| Ilex macropoda var. pseudomacropoda | (Loes.) Nakai | Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44(517): 37 1930 |
| Ilex macropoda f. pseudomacropoda | (Loes.) H.Hara | Enum. Spermatoph. Jap. 3: 24 1952 |
| Ilex monticola var. macropoda | (Miq.) Rehder |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Japanese | アオハダ |
| Korean | 대팻집나무 |
| Chinese | 大柄冬青 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China South-central
- China Southeast
-
Eastern Asia
- Japan
- Korea
-
China
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0001219400 |
| Tropicos | 50000894 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:83482-1 |
| The Plant List | tro-50000894 |
| PFAF | Ilex macropoda |
| Open Tree Of Life | 796117 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 58305 |
| IUCN Red List | 147378009 |
| IPNI | 83482-1 |
| iNaturalist | 452097 |
| GBIF | 5534182 |
| EPPO | ILEMP |
| EOL | 2888804 |
| USDA GRIN | 19740 |
| Wikipedia | Ilex_macropoda |
| CMAUP | NPO16301 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Eicosanoids / Prostaglandins and related compounds | |||||
| methyl (Z)-7-[2-[(E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl]-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl]hept-5-enoate | 21160888 | Click to see | 348.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| methyl (Z)-7-[5-oxo-2-(3-oxooctyl)cyclopenten-1-yl]hept-5-enoate | 21609756 | Click to see | 348.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Prostaglandin B2 | 5280881 | Click to see | 334.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Arachidonic Acid | 444899 | Click to see | 304.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides | |||||
| [(E)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybut-2-enyl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 10551172 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)OCC=C(CO)COC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 442.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1533 |
| [(E)-3-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxybut-2-enyl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 10769945 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)OCC=C(CO)COC2C(C(C(C(O2)COC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 604.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1533 |
| [(Z)-4-hydroxy-2-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]but-2-enyl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 10551173 | Click to see | 442.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1533 |
| [3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybut-2-enyl] 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 85181822 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)OCC=C(CO)COC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 442.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1533 |
| [3-[[6-[3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxybut-2-enyl] 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 85262077 | Click to see | 604.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1533 |
| [4-Hydroxy-2-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]but-2-enyl] 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 85181823 | Click to see | 442.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1533 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Cembrane diterpenoids | |||||
| 2-[(1R,4E,6E,10E,14R)-4,10,14-trimethyl-15-oxabicyclo[12.1.0]pentadeca-4,6,10-trien-7-yl]propan-2-ol | 23247586 | Click to see | 304.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| dimethyl (1S,4E,6Z,10Z,14S)-14-methyl-7-propan-2-yl-15-oxabicyclo[12.1.0]pentadeca-4,6,10-triene-4,10-dicarboxylate | 16091634 | Click to see CC(C)C1=CC=C(CCC2C(O2)(CCC=C(CC1)C(=O)OC)C)C(=O)OC | 376.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| Secogorgosterol | 386853 | Click to see | 458.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins | |||||
| [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (1R,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-1-hydroxy-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-5-hydroxy-3,4-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate | 101634004 | Click to see | 1091.20 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1533 |
| ilexoside II | 44201980 | Click to see | 929.10 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1533 |
| Ilexoside XXX | 101638832 | Click to see | 664.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1533 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones | |||||
| methyl (1S,2S,5E,7E)-2-acetyloxy-1-methyl-16-oxo-8-propan-2-yl-15-oxabicyclo[9.3.2]hexadeca-5,7,11-triene-5-carboxylate | 16059808 | Click to see | 404.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Sarcrassin E | 16091635 | Click to see | 360.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Diterpene lactones / Cembranolides | |||||
| Crassocolide B | 11995280 | Click to see | 434.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Crassocolide C | 11995174 | Click to see | 376.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Crassocolide D | 11995281 | Click to see | 334.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Crassolide A | 11995173 | Click to see CC1=CCCC(C(CC2C(C(C(=CCC1)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C2=C)O)(C)O | 392.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (+)-Erythrodiol | 101761 | Click to see | 442.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976931 |
| (+)-Ursolic Acid | 64945 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1533 |
| (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,12aR,14bS)-10-acetyloxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid | 137705463 | Click to see | 498.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1533 |
| [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (1S,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-1-hydroxy-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-5-hydroxy-3,4-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate | 101634003 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1O)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C | 1091.20 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1533 |
| 11-Oxoerythrodiol | 15349718 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976931 |
| Betulin | 72326 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)CO | 442.70 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976931 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1533 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02969391 |
| Betulinic Acid | 64971 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976931 |
| Betulone | 10411004 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)C)CO | 440.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976931 |
| Lupeol | 259846 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C | 426.70 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976931 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02969391 |
| Rotundioic acid | 44201983 | Click to see | 502.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1533 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Ergostane steroids / Ergosterols and derivatives | |||||
| (3S,5R,6R,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5S)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,5,6-triol | 44558918 | Click to see | 434.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 25-Acetoxy-ergosta-3beta,5alpha,6beta-triol | 14034721 | Click to see | 492.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Campesterol | 173183 | Click to see CC(C)C(C)CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C | 400.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Furospirostanes and derivatives | |||||
| (1S,2S,3'S,4S,6R,7R,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-2',2',3',7,9,13-hexamethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,5'-oxolane]-7,16-diol | 101007150 | Click to see | 444.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,2S,3'S,4S,6S,7R,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-2',2',3',7,9,13-hexamethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,5'-oxolane]-7,16-diol | 54586888 | Click to see | 444.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(1S,2S,3'S,4S,6R,7R,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-7-hydroxy-2',2',3',7,9,13-hexamethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,5'-oxolane]-16-yl] acetate | 101007149 | Click to see | 486.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(1S,2S,3'S,4S,6S,7R,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-7-hydroxy-2',2',3',7,9,13-hexamethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,5'-oxolane]-16-yl] acetate | 101007148 | Click to see CC1CC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC(=O)C)C)C)(C)O)OC1(C)C | 486.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Gorgostanes and derivatives | |||||
| (3S,8S,9S,10R,11R,13R,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(1S)-1-[(1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-[(2R)-3-methylbutan-2-yl]cyclopropyl]ethyl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,11-diol | 10599347 | Click to see | 442.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Pregnane steroids / Gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives | |||||
| Pregnenolone | 8955 | Click to see CC(=O)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C | 316.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| 24-Propylidenecholest-5-en-3 beta-ol | 193212 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Fucosterol | 5281328 | Click to see CC=C(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C | 412.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isofucosterol | 5281326 | Click to see | 412.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides | |||||
| [3,4-Dihydroxy-5-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenoxy)oxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxolan-3-yl]methyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 85286250 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COC3C(C(CO3)(COC(=O)C=CC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 640.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1533 |
| Kelampayoside B | 10841818 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COC3C(C(CO3)(COC(=O)C=CC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 640.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1533 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Dihydrofurans | |||||
| (1R,2E,6R,8S,11E)-3,8,12,16-tetramethyl-7,18-dioxatricyclo[13.3.0.06,8]octadeca-2,11,15-triene | 54585297 | Click to see | 302.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones | |||||
| Sarcocrassocolide A | 70691856 | Click to see | 390.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Sarcocrassocolide B | 70696020 | Click to see | 390.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| Rutin | 5280805 | Click to see | 610.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1533 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Macrolides and analogues | |||||
| (1aS,4E,8E,10aR,13aR,14aS)-4,8,14a-trimethyl-11-methylene-1a,3,6,7,10,10a,11,13a,14,14a-decahydrooxireno(12,13)cyclotetradeca(1,2-b)furan-12(2H)-one | 643720 | Click to see | 316.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1R,2E,6R,8R,11E)-3,8,12,16-tetramethyl-7,18-dioxatricyclo[13.3.0.06,8]octadeca-2,11,15-trien-17-one | 101472593 | Click to see CC1=CCCC2(C(O2)CCC(=CC3C(=C(C(=O)O3)C)CC1)C)C | 316.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1R,3R,5R,8E,12E,14S,15R)-14-hydroxy-5,9,13-trimethyl-18-methylidene-4,16-dioxatricyclo[13.3.0.03,5]octadeca-8,12-dien-17-one | 21574172 | Click to see CC1=CCCC2(C(O2)CC3C(C(C(=CCC1)C)O)OC(=O)C3=C)C | 332.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1R,3R,5R,8E,12E,15S)-5,9,13-trimethyl-18-methylidene-4,16-dioxatricyclo[13.3.0.03,5]octadeca-8,12-dien-17-one | 643718 | Click to see | 316.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,3R,5R,8E,12E,15R)-3,8,12-trimethyl-16-methylidene-4,18-dioxatricyclo[13.3.0.03,5]octadeca-8,12-dien-17-one | 11995175 | Click to see | 316.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(1R,3R,5R,8E,12E,14S,15R)-5,9,13-trimethyl-18-methylidene-17-oxo-4,16-dioxatricyclo[13.3.0.03,5]octadeca-8,12-dien-14-yl] acetate | 21638415 | Click to see | 374.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 13-Acetoxysarcocrassolide | 21775908 | Click to see | 374.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Crassocolide F | 11995282 | Click to see | 374.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Crassocolide N | 54764414 | Click to see CC1=CCCC(=CC2C(CC3C(O3)(C(=O)CC1)C)C(=C)C(=O)O2)C | 330.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Lobophytolide | 23425511 | Click to see CC1=CCCC(=CCC2C(CC3(C(O3)CC1)C)OC(=O)C2=C)C | 316.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Sarcocrassocolide C | 46233394 | Click to see | 332.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Sarcocrassocolide D | 46233452 | Click to see | 332.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Sarcocrassolide | 643719 | Click to see | 316.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |