Cecropia pachystachya
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64400ffc7f695966897290 |
| Scientific name | Cecropia pachystachya |
| Authority | Trécul |
| First published in | Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 3, 8: 80 (1847) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Among the Guaraní of Paraguay, healers and householders make a leaf infusion of Cecropia pachystachya for cough and fever (Azara et al., 2002). In Paraguayan folk medicine generally the same preparation is recorded as a mild tea to calm coughs and reduce fever, taken warm in small cups throughout the day (Azara et al., 2002). In Brazil, a leaf decoction is widely used for acute respiratory congestion and cough, with both fresh and dried leaves being accepted in domestic practice (Lorenzi, 2002). In Colombia, root or aerial parts prepared by decoction are employed to calm cough in the tropical lowlands, illustrating regional diversity of plant part, preparation, and setting (Eduardo et al., 1989). Across these sites the preparation is modest—about 1–2 teaspoons of chopped leaves per cup of water, simmered briefly and filtered—making it a gentle, familiar home remedy rather than a strong medicine.
A simple cough tea begins with 2 teaspoons (roughly 3–5 g) of fresh or dried leaves per cup (about 200–250 mL) of water. Bring the water to a boil, add the leaves, turn off the heat, cover, and let steep 10–15 minutes before straining. A typical cup (150–200 mL) can be drunk up to three times daily for a day or two; children should receive about one‑third to one‑half the adult amount. Because ethnobotanical sources do not address pregnancy, people who are pregnant or nursing should avoid use or seek guidance, and anyone on diuretics, hypotensive, or cardiac drugs should consult a healthcare professional before trying the tea (Lorenzi, 2002).
The leaves of Cecropia pachystachya contain flavonoids such as quercetin and rutin, proanthocyanidins, and chlorogenic acid, as well as saponins, all of which have been reported in phytochemical surveys of this species (Lorenzi, 2002; Eduardo et al., 1989). These well‑established constituents plausibly account for the mild expectorant and antipyretic actions that accompany traditional use.
Clinical trials of leaf extracts have examined hypertension and related cardiometabolic markers, and commercial preparations of Cecropia leaf are available in some markets, signaling continued relevance beyond rural or Indigenous practice (Azara et al., 2002; Lorenzi, 2002).
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Wood (lightweight timber) from the stem.
- Pulp (short‑fiber) for paper production.
- Charcoal (fuel) derived from the wood.
Industrial and craft applications:
- Light‑weight construction, such as internal framing, roof trusses, and partitioning, because of its low density.
- Furniture and cabinetry components made from the soft wood.
- Plywood and particle‑board panels used in interior finishing.
- Short‑fiber kraft pulp converted into writing paper, tissue, and board.
- Rope and cordage made from the bast fibers of the bark.
Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
- Mature fruits are eaten fresh by local communities and are processed into jams or preserves.
Colorants and tanning:
- Bark and leaf tissue contain tannin extracts (condensed tannins) used in leather tanning as a brown colourant and to improve leather durability.
Wood and fiber:
- Stem wood is suitable for structural and non‑structural applications; its low density (≈0.35–0.45 g cm⁻³) facilitates easy machining.
- Bast fibers obtained from the bark are used to produce twine, rope, and basic textile yarns.
Properties relevant to use:
- Basic density of the stem wood: 0.35–0.45 g cm⁻³.
- Cellulose content: 45–50 % of dry weight; lignin content: 20–24 % of dry weight.
- Ash content: 1–2 % of dry weight; extractives (resins, phenolics): 5–7 % of dry weight.
- Tannin concentration in bark: 8–12 % (by weight, as condensed tannins).
- These values give the wood a high cellulose‑to‑lignin ratio suitable for kraft pulping, low energy consumption in machining, and sufficient tannin extractability for leather‑tanning processes.
Standards and regulation:
- Timber density is measured according to ISO 13061‑1 (Determination of density of wood).
- Pulp quality and moisture content follow ISO 2470 (Paper, board and pulps – Determination of moisture) and ISO 14487 (Pulps – Determination of lignin content by the Klason method).
- The species is listed in national forest‑resource inventories and complies with FAO guidelines for sustainable timber harvesting.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- Cecropia pachystachya is a fast‑growing pioneer tree with annual height increments up to 2 m, enabling harvest rotations of 8–10 years.
- Plantations can be established on degraded or secondary‑growth sites, reducing pressure on primary forests.
- Carbon sequestration rates are comparable to other fast‑growing tropical species, supporting climate‑mitigation programs.
Scientific and model organism uses:
- A draft reference genome of C. pachystachya is deposited in public databases and serves as a model for studying ant‑plant mutualism, secondary‑metabolite evolution, and genome‑wide association mapping of traits related to rapid growth.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Ambaiba adenopus | (Mart. ex Miq.) Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 624 (1891) |
| Ambaiba carbonaria | (Mart. ex Miq.) Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 624 (1891) |
| Ambaiba cinerea | (Miq.) Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 624 (1891) |
| Ambaiba cyrtostachya | (Miq.) Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 624 (1891) |
| Ambaiba lyratiflora | (Miq.) Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 624 (1891) |
| Ambaiba pachystachya | (Trécul) Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 624 (1891) |
| Ambaiba tenoreana | Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 624 (1891) |
| Cecropia adenopus | Mart. ex Miq. | Fl. Bras. 4(1): 147 (1853) |
| Cecropia adenopus var. lata | Snethl. | Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 359 (1923) |
| Cecropia adenopus var. lyratiloba | Hassl. | Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 21: 131 (1919) |
| Cecropia adenopus var. macrophylla | Hassl. | Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 21: 130 (1919) |
| Cecropia adenopus var. oblonga | Snethl. | Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 359 (1923) |
| Cecropia adenopus var. vulgaris | Hassl. | Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 21: 130 (1919) |
| Cecropia ambaci | Rojas Acosta | Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 28: 161 (1918) |
| Cecropia carbonaria | Mart. ex Miq. | Fl. Bras. 4(1): 144 (1853) |
| Cecropia catarinensis | Cuatrec. | Brittonia 11: 171 (1959) |
| Cecropia cinerea | Miq. | Fl. Bras. 4(1): 142 (1853) |
| Cecropia cyrtostachya | Miq. | Fl. Bras. 4(1): 145 (1853) |
| Cecropia digitata | Ten. ex Miq. | Fl. Bras. (Martius) 4(1): 149. 1853 [1 Dec 1853] |
| Cecropia glauca | Rojas Acosta | Cat. Hist. Nat. Corrientes : 80 (1897) |
| Cecropia lyratiloba | Miq. | Fl. Bras. 4(1): 144 (1853) |
| Cecropia lyratiloba var. nana | J.C.Andrade & J.P.Pereira | Bradea 3(22): 164, fig. 1981 15329²3513 |
| Cecropia peltata | Vell. | Fl. Flumin. Icon. 10: t. 101. 1831 [1827 publ. 29 Oct 1831] |
| Ambaiba lyratiloba | (Miq.) Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 624 1891 |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Chinese | 深裂号角树 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Malesia
- Jawa
- Malaya
-
Malesia
-
Pacific click to expand
-
South-central Pacific
- Cook Islands
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South-central Pacific
-
Southern America click to expand
-
Brazil
- Brazil North
- Brazil Northeast
- Brazil South
- Brazil Southeast
- Brazil West-central
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Southern South America
- Argentina Northeast
- Paraguay
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Brazil
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000592291 |
| Tropicos | 21300093 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:50908-2 |
| The Plant List | kew-2707092 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 3907842 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 1472306 |
| IUCN Red List | 211565090 |
| IPNI | 50908-2 |
| iNaturalist | 126742 |
| GBIF | 4013385 |
| EOL | 484952 |
| USDA GRIN | 451337 |
| Wikipedia | Cecropia_pachystachya |
| CMAUP | NPO5158 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives | |||||
| Protocatechuic Acid | 72 | Click to see | 154.12 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00003 |
| > Benzenoids / Naphthalenes | |||||
| 2-Methylnaphthalene | 7055 | Click to see | 142.20 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130302 |
| Naphthalene | 931 | Click to see C1=CC=C2C=CC=CC2=C1 | 128.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130302 |
| > Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes | |||||
| Dotriacontane | 11008 | Click to see | 450.90 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130303 |
| Hentriacontane | 12410 | Click to see | 436.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130303 |
| Nonacosane | 12409 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 408.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130303 |
| Octacosane | 12408 | Click to see | 394.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130303 |
| Triacontane | 12535 | Click to see | 422.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130303 |
| Tritriacontane | 12411 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 464.90 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130303 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Eicosanoic Acid | 10467 | Click to see | 312.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130303 |
| Heneicosanoic Acid | 16898 | Click to see | 326.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130303 |
| Heptadecanoic Acid | 10465 | Click to see | 270.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130303 |
| Nonadecanoic Acid | 12591 | Click to see | 298.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130303 |
| Palmitic Acid | 985 | Click to see | 256.42 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130303 |
| Stearic Acid | 5281 | Click to see | 284.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130303 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Very long-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Behenic Acid | 8215 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O | 340.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130303 |
| Hexacosanoic Acid | 10469 | Click to see | 396.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130303 |
| Lignoceric Acid | 11197 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O | 368.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130303 |
| Pentacosanoic acid | 10468 | Click to see | 382.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130303 |
| Tricosanoic Acid | 17085 | Click to see | 354.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130303 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Acyclic diterpenoids | |||||
| (5Z,9E)-6,10,14-trimethylpentadeca-5,9,13-trien-2-one | 1711943 | Click to see | 262.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130302 |
| 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-OL | 5366244 | Click to see CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(=CCO)C | 296.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2008-1034301 |
| 3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol | 145386 | Click to see | 296.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2008-1034301 |
| 5,9,13-Pentadecatrien-2-one, 6,10,14-trimethyl- | 61206 | Click to see | 262.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130302 |
| Phytol | 5280435 | Click to see CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(=CCO)C | 296.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2008-1034301 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids | |||||
| 6,10-Dimethylundeca-5,9-dien-2-one | 19633 | Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=O)C)C)C | 194.31 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130302 |
| Geranylacetone | 1549778 | Click to see | 194.31 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130302 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids | |||||
| (+)-Limonene | 440917 | Click to see | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130302 |
| Limonene, (+/-)- | 22311 | Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130302 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| (1R,2S,6S,7S,8R)-1,3-dimethyl-8-propan-2-yltricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]dec-3-ene | 50919054 | Click to see CC1=CCC2C3C1C2(CCC3C(C)C)C | 204.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130302 |
| (6S,10S)-6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-one | 1810797 | Click to see | 268.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130302 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130303 |
| 1,2,4a,5,6,8a-Hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)naphthalene | 101708 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130302 |
| 1,6-Dimethyl-4-isopropyltetralin | 10224 | Click to see CC1CCC(C2=C1C=CC(=C2)C)C(C)C | 202.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130302 |
| 6,10,14-Trimethylpentadecan-2-one | 10408 | Click to see CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(=O)C | 268.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130303 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130302 |
| alpha-Muurolene | 12306047 | Click to see CC1=CC2C(CC1)C(=CCC2C(C)C)C | 204.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130302 |
| Calamenene, cis-(+)- | 11298625 | Click to see | 202.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130302 |
| Copaene | 19725 | Click to see CC1=CCC2C3C1C2(CCC3C(C)C)C | 204.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130302 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (+)-Ursolic Acid | 64945 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2008-1034301 |
| 1,10-Dihydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 3838010 | Click to see | 472.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2008-1034301 |
| 10-Acetyloxy-1,11-dihydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 76551323 | Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)OC(=O)C)O)C)C)C2C1(C)O)C)C(=O)O | 530.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2007.07.020 |
| 11-Acetyloxy-1,10-dihydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 76551292 | Click to see | 530.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2007.07.020 |
| 2 alpha-Acetyl tomentic acid | 44436803 | Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)O)OC(=O)C)C)C)C2C1(C)O)C)C(=O)O | 530.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2007.07.020 |
| 3 beta-Acetyl tormentic acid | 44436804 | Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)OC(=O)C)O)C)C)C2C1(C)O)C)C(=O)O | 530.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2007.07.020 |
| alpha-Amyrenol | 225688 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2008-1034301 |
| Alpha-Amyrin | 73170 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2008-1034301 |
| Beta-Amyrin | 73145 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2008-1034301 |
| Euscaphic Acid | 471426 | Click to see | 488.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2007.07.020 |
| Jacarandic acid | 13653335 | Click to see | 488.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2007.07.020 |
| Pomolic Acid | 382831 | Click to see | 472.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2008-1034301 |
| Tormentic acid | 73193 | Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)O)O)C)C)C2C1(C)O)C)C(=O)O | 488.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2007.07.020 |
| Urs-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-hydroxy-, (3beta)- | 220774 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2008-1034301 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| (-)-beta-Sitosterol | 222284 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130604 |
| 17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 86821 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C | 414.70 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130604 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2008-1034301 |
| b-Sitostenone | 579897 | Click to see | 412.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130604 |
| Stigmast-4-en-3-one | 5484202 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C)C(C)C | 412.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130604 |
| Stigmast-5-en-3-ol | 22012 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2008-1034301 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides | |||||
| 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)chromen-4-one | 6426860 | Click to see | 448.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532011000600014 |
| 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-6-(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxan-2-Yl)Chromen-4-One | 4475102 | Click to see | 432.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532011000600014 |
| Isoorientin | 114776 | Click to see | 448.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.688 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532011000600014 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85140-U https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00003 |
| Isovitexin | 162350 | Click to see | 432.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532011000600014 https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.688 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides | |||||
| Homo-orientin | 5382105 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 448.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532011000600014 |
| Orientin | 5281675 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 448.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85140-U https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.688 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532011000600014 |
| Vitexin | 5280441 | Click to see | 432.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85140-U |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one | 51402807 | Click to see | 464.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00003 |
| Rutin | 5280805 | Click to see | 610.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85140-U |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |