Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Ethnobotanical Uses

Among communities in southern China, Strobilanthes cusia (qing dai) has been used as an internal decoction to treat febrile conditions, sore throat, and epidemic boils, with dried aerial parts and leaf-based infusions recorded in pharmacognosy compendia such as Liu et al., 1994 and Cheng, 1993. In central Taiwan, Hakka communities traditionally boil the aerial parts into a tea to “cool the blood” and reduce heat signs; the same preparation is reported by Lin et al., 2008 in the context of skin inflammation and swelling. In Japan, historical herbal literature records external poultices of crushed fresh leaves and stems applied to traumatic swellings, burns, and skin eruptions (Namba et al., 1993). In southern regions of mainland China, the whole plant has been used topically as a compress for bites and ulcerating sores, with the leaves sometimes incorporated in a steeping infusion (Liu et al., 1994).

Practical recipe: Herba-stir-fry tea (mild decoction for skin inflammation). Combine 9–15 g of dried aerial parts (leaves and stems) with 600–800 mL of water; bring to a gentle boil, then simmer uncovered for 20–30 minutes and cool to a warm sip. Drink 1/2–1 cup per day. Use is usually limited to short courses and should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation; moderate external use is typical in historical records, though specific dose limits are not established in modern clinical guidance for this species (Liu et al., 1994; Lin et al., 2008).

Active constituents: Well-documented phytochemicals include indirubin and indigo, recognized for their roles in coloration and pharmacology; tryptanthrin is also reported (Lin et al., 2008).

Modern relevance: Strobilanthes cusia remains of research interest for anti‑inflammatory and antimicrobial activities, and qing dai derived from this species continues to be used in Traditional East Asian formulas and in culturally anchored teas and external applications (Lin et al., 2008; Liu et al., 1994).

General Uses Top

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Common products:
The principal commercial product from Strobilanthes cusia is indigo pigment derived from the leaves. Plant material is processed by alkaline fermentation or enzymatic hydrolysis of indican followed by oxidation to precipitate indigotin/indirubin, yielding a water-insoluble blue paste or dried pigment. In East and Southeast Asia the dye has been applied to cotton, silk, and bast fibers. Publications document indigo yields of approximately 0.3% leaf dry weight under experimental conditions.

Industrial and craft applications:
Historically the plant supported rural indigo dyeing industries in parts of China and Northeast India. Leaf-based indigo pigment is used as a component in traditional craft dyeing workflows and can be mixed with mordants and extenders typical of natural dye processes. Technical references describe the pigment in terms of its insolubility in water and ethanol and its characteristic blue hue at neutral to alkaline pH.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No direct food or beverage uses are documented for S. cusia. Washed, fermentation solids from indigo extraction have been recorded as a minor component in some local dyes; food uses are not established.

Colorants and tanning:
S. cusia is a documented source of indigo; the leaves contain indican that is hydrolyzed and oxidized to indigotin and indirubin. The resulting colorant is stable as a substantive blue pigment after oxidation and drying. No tanning (leather dyeing) applications are reported in reliable literature for this taxon.

Wood and fiber:
The plant is shrub-like and not associated with timber products. Textual references describe traditional dyeing of bast fibers and textiles using indigo derived from S. cusia leaves.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No fragrance, essential oil, or cosmetic uses are documented for S. cusia.

Properties relevant to use:
Indican content and extractability. Indican is water-soluble; enzymatic or alkaline hydrolysis liberates indoxyl, which upon aerial oxidation converts to insoluble indigotin/indirubin. This redox chemistry enables the classic “indigo vat” blue on fibers after drying. Indigotin is characterized by strong blue color and low aqueous solubility after oxidation.

Standards and regulation:
Where indigo pigments are sold for craft applications, general food-color or cosmetics regulations do not apply; textile dyes typically follow regional labeling and safety provisions. No taxon-specific regulatory standards are reported.

Sustainability and sourcing:
S. cusia has historically been cultivated for dye in parts of its native range and harvested from the wild elsewhere. Authors note that cultivation offers greater predictability of yield versus wild collection, but no quantitative sustainability or cultivation statistics are available in the cited literature.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Ruellia indigofera	Griff.	J. Trav. 1: 237 (1847)
Ruellia indigotica	Fortune	Resid. Chin. : 158 (1857)
Strobilanthes flaccidifolia	Nees	Prodr. 11: 194 (1847)
Strobilanthes championii	T.Anderson ex Benth.	Fl. Hongk. : 261 (1861)
Strobilanthes balansae	Lindau	Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 652 (1897)
Baphicacanthus cusia	(Nees) Bremek.	Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2 , 41(1): 190 (1944)
Dipteracanthus calycinus	Champ.	Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 133 (1853)
Goldfussia cusia	Nees	Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 88 (1832)
Ruellia cusia	Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.	Numer. List : n.° 2386 (1830)
Strobilanthes flaccida	G.Mann	Progr. Rep. Forest Admin. Assam 1876-77: 30 (par. 135) (1877)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
Japanese	琉球藍
Japanese	リュウキュウアイ
pwn	ljapicupicul
Tamil	சுட்ரோபிலாந்தசு குசியா
Thai	ฮ่อม
Thai	ห้อม
Chinese	马蓝
Chinese	板蓝
Chinese	南板蓝
Chinese	南板蓝叶
Chinese	南板蓝根
Chinese	大青叶
Chinese	板蓝（马蓝）
Chinese	蓝靛
Chinese	青黛
Chinese	馬藍

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
  - Hainan
  - Tibet
- Eastern Asia
  - Japan
  - Nansei-shoto
  - Taiwan

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam
  - Bangladesh
  - East Himalaya
- Indo-China
  - Laos
  - Myanmar
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000433034
UNII	T1EZS371OY
Tropicos	102969
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:55627-1
The Plant List	kew-2476975
Open Tree Of Life	886099
NCBI Taxonomy	222567
IPNI	55627-1
iNaturalist	343957
GBIF	3781383
EOL	5634457
USDA GRIN	410996
Wikipedia	Strobilanthes_cusia
CMAUP	NPO4582

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Active metabolites combination therapies: towards the next paradigm for more efficient and more scientific Chinese medicine

Gao Q, Wu H, Chen M, Gu X, Wu Q, Xie T, Sui X

Front Pharmacol

18-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11063311
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2024.1392196
PMID:	38698817

Compound sophora decoction alleviates ulcerative colitis by regulating macrophage polarization through cGAS inhibition: network pharmacology and experimental validation

Gao F, Deng S, Liu Y, Wu P, Huang L, Zhu F, Wei C, Yuan Y, Gui Y, Tian Y, Fan H, Wu H

Aging (Albany NY)

10-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11087132
doi:	10.18632/aging.205734
PMID:	38613801

“Purplish Blue” or “Greenish Grey”? Indigo Qualities and Extraction Yields from Six Species

Hartl A, Polleichtner A, Novak J

Plants (Basel)

22-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11013892
doi:	10.3390/plants13070918
PMID:	38611450

Traditional Chinese medicine treats ulcerative colitis by regulating gut microbiota, signaling pathway and cytokine: Future novel method option for pharmacotherapy

Wang T, Liu X, Zhang W, Wang J, Wang T, Yue W, Ming L, Cheng J, Sun J

Heliyon

06-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10945194
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27530
PMID:	38501018

The Antitubercular Activities of Natural Products with Fused-Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles

Boshoff HI, Malhotra N, Barry CE III, Oh S

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

06-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10892018
doi:	10.3390/ph17020211
PMID:	38399426

NaDES Application in Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Fields: An Overview

Villa C, Caviglia D, Robustelli della Cuna FS, Zuccari G, Russo E

Gels

28-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10888423
doi:	10.3390/gels10020107
PMID:	38391437

Indigofera suffruticosa aerial parts extract induce G2/M arrest and ATR/CHK1 pathway in Jurkat cells

Tran HL, Lai KH, Chang HS, Chen YS, Wang HC, Yang SS, Chang HW, Hsu CM, Yen CH, Hsiao HH

BMC Complement Med Ther

09-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10775588
doi:	10.1186/s12906-023-04325-w
PMID:	38195460

Variation in Botanical Reference Materials: Similarity of Actaea Racemosa Analyzed by Flow Injection Mass Spectrometry

Harnly J, Upton R

J AOAC Int

23-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10907137
doi:	10.1093/jaoacint/qsad137
PMID:	38141206

Chinese herbal compound for multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant bacterial pneumonia: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis with association rule mining to identify core herb combinations

Zhao S, Geng Y, Shi J, Qian J, Yang Y, Dai D, Yan Z, Qi W, Yu D, Zhao X

Front Pharmacol

20-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10761442
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2023.1282538
PMID:	38174222

Complete plastid genome structure of 13 Asian Justicia (Acanthaceae) species: comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses

Niu Z, Lin Z, Tong Y, Chen X, Deng Y

BMC Plant Biol

15-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10647099
doi:	10.1186/s12870-023-04532-0
PMID:	37964203

Evaluation of Reference Genes for Normalizing RT-qPCR and Analysis of the Expression Patterns of WRKY1 Transcription Factor and Rhynchophylline Biosynthesis-Related Genes in Uncaria rhynchophylla

Mu D, Shao Y, He J, Zhu L, Qiu D, Wilson IW, Zhang Y, Pan L, Zhou Y, Lu Y, Tang Q

Int J Mol Sci

15-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10671239
doi:	10.3390/ijms242216330
PMID:	38003520

Bakuchiol, a natural constituent and its pharmacological benefits

Nizam NN, Mahmud S, Ark SM, Kamruzzaman M, Hasan MK

F1000Res

07-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10683784
doi:	10.12688/f1000research.129072.1
PMID:	38021404

Shuangshi Tonglin capsule improves chronic prostatitis through the SIRT-1/AMPK and MAPK signalling pathways

Liu Q, Zhang X, Mao P, Wang Z, Mao Q, Wang C, Liu J, Zhu X, Wang B, Wei H

Heliyon

04-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10663862
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21745
PMID:	38027908

Identification of novel flavin-dependent monooxygenase from Strobilanthes Cusia reveals molecular basis of indoles’ biosynthetic logic

Liu C, Cheng M, Ma C, Chen J, Tan H

BMC Plant Biol

31-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10617207
doi:	10.1186/s12870-023-04557-5
PMID:	37904107

Repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier of traditional Chinese medicine for ulcerative colitis: a review

Zong Y, Meng J, Mao T, Han Q, Zhang P, Shi L

Front Pharmacol

24-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10628444
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2023.1273407
PMID:	37942490

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives
Trigonelline	5570	Click to see	137.14	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid	370	Click to see	170.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan glycosides
(+)-Lyoniresinol 3alpha-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside	10483388	Click to see	582.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.1242
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3S)-4-hydroxy-2,3-bis[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]butoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	10438279	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)CC(CO)C(CC2=CC(=C(C(=C2)OC)O)OC)COC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	584.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.1242
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(2R,3S,4S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-3-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	101273460	Click to see	582.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.1242
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(1S,2R,3R)-7-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6,8-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl]methoxy]-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol	11388471	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C2C(C(CC3=CC(=C(C(=C23)OC)O)OC)CO)COC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)OC5C(C(CO5)(CO)O)O	714.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.1242
2-((7-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6,8-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)methoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	14521083	Click to see	582.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.1242
2-[[2-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-3-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	162887826	Click to see	582.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.1242
2-[4-Hydroxy-2,3-bis[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]butoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	74105562	Click to see	584.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.1242
5-[3,4-Dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[7-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6,8-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl]methoxy]-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol	72827821	Click to see	714.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.1242
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
Linolenic Acid	5280934	Click to see	278.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
3,3,5,7b-Tetramethyl-1,1a,2,4,4a,6,7,7a-octahydrocyclopropa[e]azulen-5-ol	73819952	Click to see CC1(CC2CC2(C3CCC(C3C1)(C)O)C)C	222.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.1242
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Carotenes
Beta-Carotene	5280489	Click to see	536.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Xanthophylls
all-trans-Neoxanthin	5281247	Click to see	600.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
Lutein A	5281243	Click to see	568.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
Violaxanthin	448438	Click to see	600.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
Zeaxanthin	5280899	Click to see	568.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13bR)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-ol	44586882	Click to see	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,2S,4R,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-ol	99565183	Click to see	414.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Betulinic Acid	64971	Click to see	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Diosgenin	99474	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)C)C)OC1	414.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Epifriedelanol	119242	Click to see	428.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Gitogenin	441887	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CCC6C5(CC(C(C6)O)O)C)C)C)OC1	432.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Lup-20(29)-en-3-ol, (3beta)-	521518	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.1242
Lupeol	259846	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.1242
Tigogenin	99516	Click to see	416.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Yamogenin	441900	Click to see	414.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(1S,2S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-16-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	101400564	Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)C)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O	903.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
Dioscin	119245	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1	869.00	unknown	via CMAUP database
Protodioscin	441891	Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)C)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O	1049.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
Trigonelloside C	441899	Click to see	1049.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see	414.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / Purine nucleosides
9-[(3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3H-purin-2-one	11357654	Click to see	268.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids / L-alpha-amino acids
L-Arginine	6322	Click to see	174.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Histidine and derivatives
(2R)-2-azaniumyl-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate	6971048	Click to see	155.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Isoleucine and derivatives
(2R,3S,4R)-2-azaniumyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoate	26082623	Click to see CC(C(C)O)C(C(=O)[O-])[NH3+]	147.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,3S,4R)-2-Amino-3-methyl-4-hydroxyvaleric acid	11194416	Click to see	147.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
(4R)-4-hydroxy-L-isoleucine	6993179	Click to see CC(C(C)O)C(C(=O)[O-])[NH3+]	147.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-ammonio-2,3,5-trideoxy-3-methyl-L-ribonate	40561613	Click to see CC(C(C)O)C(C(=O)[O-])[NH3+]	147.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / N-organohydroxylamines
Trigoxazonane	23727687	Click to see	189.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(1H-Indol-3-Yloxy)Oxane-3,4,5-Triol	258533	Click to see	295.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
Indoxyl-beta-D-glucoside	441564	Click to see	295.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83613-4
Indoxyl-beta-D-glucoside	92769	Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	295.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Hexoses
3,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(1H-indol-3-yloxy)tetrahydropyran-4-one	49771193	Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)OC3C(C(=O)C(C(O3)CO)O)O	293.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isatan B	101529308	Click to see	293.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Diazanaphthalenes / Benzodiazines / Quinazolines / Indoloquinazolines
Candidine	5320815	Click to see	363.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Tryptanthrin	73549	Click to see	248.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097245
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Diazines / Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives / Thiamines
Thiamine	1130	Click to see	265.36	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives
hydron;1H-indole	22035206	Click to see	118.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Hydroxyindoles
1H-Indol-3-ol	50591	Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)O	133.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indolines
(2E)-2-(3-oxo-1H-indol-2-ylidene)-1H-indol-3-one	5318432	Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C(=C3C(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)N2	262.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3E)-3-(2-oxo-1H-indol-3-ylidene)-1H-indol-2-one	5318575	Click to see	262.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3E)-3-(3-oxo-1H-indol-2-ylidene)-1H-indol-2-one	5359405	Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=C3C(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)C(=O)N2	262.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isatin	7054	Click to see	147.13	unknown	via CMAUP database
Oxindole	321710	Click to see C1C2=CC=CC=C2NC1=O	133.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives
(2S)-2-ammonio-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate	6923516	Click to see	204.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoindoles and derivatives / Isoindolines / Isoindolones
3-(3-oxo-1H-indol-2-ylidene)isoindol-1-one	53399276	Click to see	262.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyranopyridines
Gentianine	354616	Click to see C=CC1=CN=CC2=C1CCOC2=O	175.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-4-[(2R,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	44715776	Click to see	610.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.1242
[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	154496101	Click to see	624.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.1242
[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	11192794	Click to see	610.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.1242
[4-[3,4-Dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	72783720	Click to see	610.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.1242
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 3-O-(6-Deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-4-O-((2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside	132274946	Click to see	624.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.1242
Acteoside;Kusaginin;TJC160	354009	Click to see	624.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.1242
Verbascoside	5281800	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)CO)OCCC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O	624.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.1242
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives
Trigoforin	12267346	Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C(=C(C(=O)O2)C)C	188.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones
Naringenin	439246	Click to see	272.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides
Isoorientin	114776	Click to see	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides
Orientin-2''-O-p-trans-coumarate	102004864	Click to see	594.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Vicenin 1	13644663	Click to see	564.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Vitexin	5280441	Click to see	432.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Panasenoside	9986191	Click to see	610.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-3-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate	101158756	Click to see CC(=O)OCC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O)O	814.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	12960455	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O)O	788.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	12960461	Click to see	772.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
7-O-Glucosylvitexin	101406316	Click to see	594.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Tricin 7-glucoside	5322022	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	492.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids
Tricin	5281702	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O	330.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Isoflav-2-enes / Isoflavones
6,7-Methylenedioxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one	21270126	Click to see	282.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
Daidzein	5281708	Click to see	254.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 3-O-methylated isoflavonoids / 3-O-methylisoflavones
3',5,7-Trihydroxy-5'-methoxyisoflavone	91203449	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)C2=COC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O	300.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
3',5'-Dimethoxy-4',5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone	15689643	Click to see	330.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylated isoflavonoids / 3-hydroxy,4-methoxyisoflavonoids
Calycosin	5280448	Click to see	284.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylisoflavones
Biochanin A	5280373	Click to see	284.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
Formononetin	5280378	Click to see	268.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Macrolides and analogues
Carpaine	442630	Click to see	478.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
Schisandrin	3001664	Click to see	432.50	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Strobilanthes cusia

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