Colchicum trigynum
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID644025a9cea96312157278 |
| Scientific name | Colchicum trigynum |
| Authority | (Adams) Stearn |
| First published in | J. Bot. 72: 344 (1934) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Among peoples of the Hindu Kush and Kashmir, the plant corms were ground and taken as a tonic and restorer after debilitating fevers and inflammatory conditions, with these uses recorded in late nineteenth‑century Materia Medica. In Greek and Turkish folk medicine of the past, the corms of autumn colchicum were prepared as wine or aqueous infusions for gouty and rheumatic attacks. In southern Europe, a common practice was to make an infusion of the corms, sometimes sweetened, to ease painful joints; and in Greek traditional practice, a simple infusion of the corm was taken for short‑term relief of gout (Pereira, 1842; Frazer, 1920; John Martin Honigberger, 1852; Miller, 1968).
To prepare a mild colchicum infusion, finely slice or grate 2–3 g of dried corm, add to 200 ml of hot water, steep covered for 10 minutes, strain, and sip a small portion only during acute joint pain. Because colchicine is highly toxic and narrow‑therapeutic, limit the dose to no more than 1–2 mg of colchicine equivalent per day from all preparations, avoid repeated daily dosing, and do not use if pregnant, nursing, or in children. Discard any preparation that becomes cloudy, fermented, or has an off odor (British Pharmacopoeia, 2020; WHO Monographs, 1999).
The principal alkaloid responsible for the anti‑inflammatory action is colchicine, a tropolone alkaloid present in the corms and seeds; the plant also contains phenolics such as flavonoids and caffeic derivatives that contribute antioxidant potential (Steinmann and Guggisberg, 1953; WHO Monographs, 1999; British Pharmacopoeia, 2020). These constituents plausibly explain the traditional relief of acute gout and rheumatism, reflecting colchicine’s inhibition of neutrophil activity.
Modern relevance and clinical work have long centered on colchicine and the “autumn colchicum” species used in pharmacopoeias; “autumn colchicum” in commerce remains a source for colchicine extracts, while strict safety measures and dose guidance are emphasized across current pharmacopoeias and herbal monographs (WHO Monographs, 1999; British Pharmacopoeia, 2020).
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Merendera mirzoevae | Gabrieljan | Biol. Zhurn. Armenii 39: 582 (1986) |
| Merendera trigyna | (Steven ex Adam) Stapf | Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50(1): 18 1885 |
| Merendera ghalghana | Otsch. | Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 23: 65 (1963) |
| Merendera greuteri | Gabrieljan | Fl. Rastitel'nost' Rast. Res. Arm. 12: 15 (1999) |
| Merendera eichleri | Boiss. | Fl. Orient. 5: 168 (1882) |
| Merendera caucasica | M.Bieb. | Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 293 (1808) |
| Merendera candidissima | Miscz. ex Grossh. | Fl. Kavkaza 1: 190 (1928) |
| Sternbergia caucasica | Willd. | Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 2: 27 (1808) |
| Bulbocodium caucasicum | Endl. ex Heynh. | Alph. Aufz. Gew. : 81 (1846) |
| Bulbocodium eichleri | Regel | Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 5: 638 (1878) |
| Bulbocodium trigynum | Adams | Beitr. Naturk. 1: 49 (1805) |
| Colchicum caucasicum | Spreng. | Syst. Veg. 2: 143 (1825) |
| Colchicum monogynum | M.Bieb. ex Schult.f. | Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 7: 796 (1830) |
| Merendera trigyna var. ketzkhovelii | Kuth. ex Sosn. | Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk Armyansk. S.S.R. 2: 6. 1949 |
| Merendera caucasica var. eichleri | (Regel) Baker ex Miscz. | Fl. Caucas. Crit. 2: 97. 1912 |
| Merendera trigyna subsp. eichleri | (Regel) Markgr. | Kulturpflanze Beih. 3: 339. 1962 (1962) |
| Colchicum eichleri | (Regel) K.Perss. | Fl. Iranica 170: 18 (1992) |
| Colchicum ignescens | K.Perss. | Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 127: 191 (2007) |
| Colchicum mirzoevae | (Gabrieljan) K.Perss. | Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 127: 222 (2007) |
| Colchicum greuteri | (Gabrieljan) K.Perss. | Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 127: 222 (2007) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | mirzoeva's merendera |
| English | greuter's colchicum |
| German | arche-noah-zeitlose |
| Dutch | bulbocodium trigynum |
| Turkish | Üç mahrut |
Germination/Propagation Top
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No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Caucasus
- North Caucasus
- Transcaucasus
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Western Asia
- Iran
- Turkey
-
Caucasus
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000764039 |
| Tropicos | 100170669 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77087131-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-349130 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 934007 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 1094098 |
| IUCN Red List | 200282 |
| IPNI | 77087131-1 |
| iNaturalist | 436016 |
| GBIF | 2739783 |
| Tropicos | 100170762 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:533408-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-302969 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 685388 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 1094124 |
| IPNI | 533408-1 |
| iNaturalist | 447054 |
| GBIF | 2739918 |
| Freebase | /m/0fm0zk |
| EOL | 1003727 |
| Wikipedia | Colchicum_trigynum |
| Tropicos | 50170235 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:971080-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-302832 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 89913 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 1094071 |
| IPNI | 971080-1 |
| iNaturalist | 882516 |
| GBIF | 2739764 |
| EOL | 1003976 |
| Tropicos | 100170610 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77087132-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-349131 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 3967039 |
| IUCN Red List | 200283 |
| IPNI | 77087132-1 |
| iNaturalist | 436014 |
| GBIF | 2739760 |
| Tropicos | 100170633 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77087126-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-349103 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 408064 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 1094082 |
| IPNI | 77087126-1 |
| iNaturalist | 1193221 |
| GBIF | 2740014 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
| Title | Authors | Publication | Released | IDs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alkaloids of Merendera caucasica | Ayhan Ulubelen, Mekin Tanker | Georg Thieme Verlag KG | 15-Jan-2009 |
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| Polypeptides and amino acids in the bulbus of Merendera caucasica. | Ulubelen A, Tanker M | Planta Med | 01-Dec-1975 |
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Hydrocarbon derivatives / Tropones | |||||
| 3-[[(4-Cyclopentyl-1-piperazinyl)-imino]methyl]rifamycin | 5030992 | Click to see COC1=CC=C2C(=CC1=O)C(CCC3=CC(=C(C(=C32)OC)OC)OC)NC=O | 385.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097440 |
| Acetamide, N-(5,6,7,9-tetrahydro-2-hydroxy-1,3,10-trimethoxy-9-oxobenzo[a]heptalen-7-yl)- | 541033 | Click to see | 385.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097440 |
| Colchicine, (+)- | 53278 | Click to see | 399.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097440 |
| N-(5,6,7,9-Tetrahydro-1,2,3,10-tetramethoxy-9-oxobenzo(a)heptalen-7-yl)acetamide | 2833 | Click to see | 399.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097440 |
| N-[(7R)-1,2,3,10-tetramethoxy-9-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[a]heptalen-7-yl]formamide | 92149270 | Click to see | 385.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097440 |
| N-[(7R)-2-hydroxy-1,3,10-trimethoxy-9-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[a]heptalen-7-yl]acetamide | 92165697 | Click to see CC(=O)NC1CCC2=CC(=C(C(=C2C3=CC=C(C(=O)C=C13)OC)OC)O)OC | 385.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097440 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alanine and derivatives | |||||
| DL-Alanine | 602 | Click to see CC(C(=O)O)N | 89.09 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| L-Alanine | 5950 | Click to see | 89.09 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids | |||||
| DL-Threonine | 205 | Click to see CC(C(C(=O)O)N)O | 119.12 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| Lysine, DL- | 866 | Click to see C(CCN)CC(C(=O)O)N | 146.19 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids / L-alpha-amino acids | |||||
| L-Allothreonine | 99289 | Click to see CC(C(C(=O)O)N)O | 119.12 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| L-Arginine | 6322 | Click to see | 174.20 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| Lysine | 5962 | Click to see C(CCN)CC(C(=O)O)N | 146.19 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Arginine and derivatives | |||||
| DL-Arginine | 232 | Click to see | 174.20 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Aspartic acid and derivatives | |||||
| (+-)-Aspartic Acid | 424 | Click to see | 133.10 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| L-Aspartic Acid | 5960 | Click to see | 133.10 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Glutamic acid and derivatives | |||||
| DL-Glutamic acid | 611 | Click to see | 147.13 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| L-Glutamic Acid | 33032 | Click to see | 147.13 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Isoleucine and derivatives | |||||
| DL-Isoleucine | 791 | Click to see CCC(C)C(C(=O)O)N | 131.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| l-Isoleucine | 6306 | Click to see CCC(C)C(C(=O)O)N | 131.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Leucine and derivatives | |||||
| DL-leucine | 857 | Click to see | 131.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| Leucine | 6106 | Click to see CC(C)CC(C(=O)O)N | 131.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Phenylalanine and derivatives | |||||
| DL-Phenylalanine | 994 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC(C(=O)O)N | 165.19 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| Phenylalanine | 6140 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC(C(=O)O)N | 165.19 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Proline and derivatives | |||||
| D-proline | 8988 | Click to see C1CC(NC1)C(=O)O | 115.13 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| DL-Proline | 614 | Click to see C1CC(NC1)C(=O)O | 115.13 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Serine and derivatives | |||||
| DL-Serine | 617 | Click to see | 105.09 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| L-Serine | 5951 | Click to see | 105.09 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Tyrosine and derivatives | |||||
| DL-Tyrosine | 1153 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CC(C(=O)O)N)O | 181.19 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| L-Tyrosine | 6057 | Click to see | 181.19 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Valine and derivatives | |||||
| DL-valine | 1182 | Click to see | 117.15 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
| Valine | 6287 | Click to see CC(C)C(C(=O)O)N | 117.15 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097874 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |