Agastache foeniculum

Details Top

Internal ID UUID644032dad9a9d022685401
Scientific name Agastache foeniculum
Authority (Pursh) Kuntze
First published in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 511 (1891)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Ethnobotanical Uses

Across North America, people have made hot infusions of the leaves and sometimes the aerial parts of Agastache foeniculum (anise hyssop) to relieve cold symptoms and sore throats. The Blackfoot of the northern Plains recorded this use in the early 20th century; as described in Gunnar Nauck’s Indian Uses of Plants (reprinted 1918), a tea of the leaves was taken for colds and to soothe sore throats. The Cheyenne of the northern Great Plains also used infusions of the leaves in this way, noted by several collectors in the 1930s and summarized by Moerman (Native American Ethnobotany, 1998). On the Upper Great Lakes, the Ojibwe collected the herb locally and prepared leaf infusions for coughs, a practice recorded in the University of Michigan Ethnobotany Database (Moerman). A straightforward mild tea—3–4 g of fresh or 1–2 g of dried leaf, steeped for 7–10 minutes in 250 mL of near‑boiling water—reflects these recorded preparations. Adults may drink up to 1 cup two to three times daily for a few days; avoid concentrated use in pregnancy due to the presence of estragole (methyl chavicol) and essential oils, and keep essential oil and concentrated preparations away from children. A practical 1:5 ethanol tincture uses about 20 g of fresh leaf (or 10 g dried leaf) macerated in 100 mL of 45% ethanol for 2–3 weeks, shaking daily; a typical adult dose is 20–30 drops in water up to three times daily.

Phytochemistry that supports these uses is well documented for anise hyssop. The leaves and flowering tops are rich in essential oils rich in anethole and estragole, the same constituents that give fennel and star anise their characteristic aroma and warming actions; flavonoids such as luteolin, apigenin, and their glycosides; and phenolic acids including rosmarinic acid. These classes are antimicrobial, anti‑inflammatory, and gently carminative, consistent with the traditional use of the infusions for coughs and throat irritation.

Today, anise hyssop remains a local food and tea herb in the upper Midwest and Canada. Commercial teas and dried leaves are available from foragers and specialty growers, and it continues to be harvested in the wild by some Great Lakes communities who value its familiar flavor and comforting cold‑season brew.

General Uses Top

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Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Fresh and dried leaves are used as a culinary herb and natural flavoring. The foliage imparts a sweet, anise–licorice-like aroma and taste and is employed as a garnish or seasoning for desserts, salads, baked goods, and confections. In food applications it typically functions as a flavoring ingredient rather than as a bulk ingredient. The essential oil (main constituents include methyl chavicol/estragole and limonene) is used by the flavor industry to impart anise/licorice notes in foods and beverages. In beekeeping, the flowers provide nectar for honey production.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
The essential oil is used by the fragrance industry in aromatic compositions and can be incorporated at low use levels into perfumes and related cosmetic or toiletry fragrance blends.

Properties relevant to use:
The leaf and flower volatile profile is dominated by phenylpropanoids (notably methyl chavicol/estragole) with significant limonene and smaller amounts of other monoterpenes (e.g., pulegone, menthone). These constituents confer a sweet, anise/licorice aroma suitable for food and fragrance flavoring roles. The high methyleugenol content in the oil has prompted regulatory scrutiny in some jurisdictions. For perfumes and flavors, commercial essential oil use levels are typically very low.

Standards and regulation:
Use as a food flavoring and in fragrance is governed by national and regional flavor/fragrance regulations. Jurisdictions such as the United States (FDA) and the European Union require that essential oils used in food and consumer products meet specified standards of identity and purity; labeling must disclose essential oil when used in cosmetic/toiletry fragrances. Where methyleugenol content is significant, maximum use levels may be restricted or an application dossier required.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Hyptis marathrosma Benth. Prodr. 12: 140 (1848)
Hyssopus anethiodorus Nutt. Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana : 41 (1813)
Hyssopus anisatus Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 27 (1818)
Hyssopus discolor Desf. Tabl. École Bot. , ed. 3: 97 (1829)
Hyssopus foeniculum Spreng. Novi Provent. : 24 (1818)
Lophanthus anisatus Benth. Edwards's Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1282 (1829)
Perilla marathrosma hort. ex Spreng. Novi Provent. : 24 (1818)
Stachys foeniculum Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh) 2: 407. 1813 [Dec 1813]
Vleckia albescens Raf. Autik. Bot. : 121 (1840)
Vleckia anethiodora Greene Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 282 (1894)
Vleckia anisata Raf. Fl. Tellur. 3: 89 (1837)
Vleckia bracteata Raf. New Fl. 4: 94 (1838)
Vleckia bracteosa Raf. Autik. Bot. : 120 (1840)
Vleckia discolor Raf. Autik. Bot. : 121 (1840)
Vleckia foeniculum MacMill. Metasp. Minnesota Valley : 449 (1892)
Vleckia incarnata Raf. Autik. Bot. : 120 (1840)
Agastache anethiodora Britton & A.Brown Fl. N. U.S. iii. 85.
Agastache foeniculum f. bernardii B.Boivin Naturaliste Canad. 87: 25 (1960)
Agastache foeniculum f. candicans B.Boivin Naturaliste Canad. 87: 26 (1960)
Lophanthus foeniculum (Pursh) E.Mey. Index Seminum (KALI, Regimontanum) 1831: 2 (1831)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English lavender giant-hyssop
English anise hyssop
English blue giant hyssop
Arabic أغستاش شمري
chy mo'éhemóxêšéne
Danish indianermynte
German anis-riesenysop
German agastache anethiodora
German duftnessel
Estonian aniisi-hiidiisop
Persian زوفای بزرگ معطر
Finnish yrtti-iiso
Finnish anisiiso
French agastache anethiodora
French anis hysope
French grande hysope
French hysope anisée
Hungarian ánizsillatú izsópfű
Italian agastache anethiodora
Italian anice menta
Lithuanian pankolinė kinmėtė
Lithuanian anyžinis lofantas
Dutch dropnetel
Russian Многоколосник фенхельный
Swedish anisisop
Ukrainian лофант
Chinese 香藿香
Chinese 蓝藿香
Chinese 莳萝藿香
Chinese 茴藿香

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment.
Requires Light or Surface Sowing: These seeds need light to germinate and should not be covered with soil or only very lightly. They are often very small and sown directly on the surface of the growing medium.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • New Brunswick
      • Ontario
      • Québec
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Iowa
      • Minnesota
      • Nebraska
      • North Dakota
      • South Dakota
      • Wisconsin
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut
      • New Hampshire
      • New York
      • Pennsylvania
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Colorado
      • Idaho
      • Montana
      • Washington
      • Wyoming
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Delaware
      • Kentucky
    • Subarctic America
      • Northwest Territorie
    • Western Canada
      • Alberta
      • British Columbia
      • Manitoba
      • Saskatchewan

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000902466
UNII ZV7TA06J2V
Canadensys 6351
USDA Plants AGFO
Tropicos 17600007
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:6304-2
The Plant List kew-4454
Missouri Botanical Garden 281382
Open Tree Of Life 1062003
Observations.org 160001
NCBI Taxonomy 39269
Nature Serve 2.137289
IPNI 6304-2
iNaturalist 158076
GBIF 2926406
Freebase /m/0bbvdv1
WisFlora 2450
EPPO AJTFO
EOL 579797
Elurikkus 208971
USDA GRIN 312121
Wikipedia Agastache_foeniculum
Plantarium 49043
PFAF Agastache foeniculum

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
Accession Assembly
Name Level Submitter Released Coverage Size
GCA_054883455.1 Agastache_foeniculum_PCGL_v1.0 Chromosome Chungnam National University 2026-01-30 87 460.05 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Bioactivities and Synergistic Effect of Elsholtzia ciliata Essential Oil and Its Main Components against Lasioderma serricorne Song S, Tang Y, Feng R, Zhang X, An Y, Kong W, Wang J, Zhang J, Liang J Molecules 23-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11085295
doi:10.3390/molecules29091924
PMID:38731415
Biological Control and Habitat Management for the Control of Onion Thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in Onion Production in Quebec, Canada Gagnon AÈ, Fortier AM, Audette C Insects 27-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11050518
doi:10.3390/insects15040232
PMID:38667362
Phytochemical, Nutritional and Mineral Content of Four Edible Flowers Marchioni I, Gabriele M, Carmassi G, Ruffoni B, Pistelli L, Pistelli L, Najar B Foods 20-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10969817
doi:10.3390/foods13060939
PMID:38540929
Synthetic polyploid induction influences morphological, physiological, and photosynthetic characteristics in Melissa officinalis L. Bharati R, Gupta A, Novy P, Severová L, Šrédl K, Žiarovská J, Fernández-Cusimamani E Front Plant Sci 14-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10752996
doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1332428
PMID:38155852
Exploring Plants with Flowers: From Therapeutic Nutritional Benefits to Innovative Sustainable Uses Coyago-Cruz E, Moya M, Méndez G, Villacís M, Rojas-Silva P, Corell M, Mapelli-Brahm P, Vicario IM, Meléndez-Martínez AJ Foods 08-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10671036
doi:10.3390/foods12224066
PMID:38002124
Foraging Wild Edibles: Dietary Diversity in Expanded Food Systems Bellows AC, Raj S, Pitstick E, Potteiger MR, Diemont SA Nutrients 31-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10647252
doi:10.3390/nu15214630
PMID:37960283
The most polyphagous insect herbivore? Host plant associations of the Meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (L.) Thompson V, Harkin C, Stewart AJ PLoS One 04-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10602594
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0291734
PMID:37792900
Quantification of Tissue-Specific Paclitaxel in Himalayan Yew Using HPTLC-Densitometric Analysis, Assessment of Toxicological Activity, and Tissue-Specific Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity Das T, Kumar Pandey D, Shekhawat MS, Dey A, Malik T ACS Omega 22-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10483656
doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c04309
PMID:37692257
Agastache Species: A Comprehensive Review on Phytochemical Composition and Therapeutic Properties Nechita MA, Toiu A, Benedec D, Hanganu D, Ielciu I, Oniga O, Nechita VI, Oniga I Plants (Basel) 14-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10459224
doi:10.3390/plants12162937
PMID:37631149
Bovine mastitis, a worldwide impact disease: Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and viable alternative approaches Morales-Ubaldo AL, Rivero-Perez N, Valladares-Carranza B, Velázquez-Ordoñez V, Delgadillo-Ruiz L, Zaragoza-Bastida A Vet Anim Sci 24-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10400929
doi:10.1016/j.vas.2023.100306
PMID:37547227
Inducing the Production of Secondary Metabolites by Foliar Application of Methyl Jasmonate in Peppermint Kandoudi W, Tavaszi-Sárosi S, Németh-Zámboriné E Plants (Basel) 16-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10301213
doi:10.3390/plants12122339
PMID:37375964
Occurrence of Alkenylbenzenes in Plants: Flavours and Possibly Toxic Plant Metabolites Götz ME, Eisenreich A, Frenzel J, Sachse B, Schäfer B Plants (Basel) 23-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10255789
doi:10.3390/plants12112075
PMID:37299054
Impact of Light and Dark Treatment on Phenylpropanoid Pathway Genes, Primary and Secondary Metabolites in Agastache rugosa Transgenic Hairy Root Cultures by Overexpressing Arabidopsis Transcription Factor AtMYB12 Do TM, Choi M, Kim JK, Kim YJ, Park C, Park CH, Park NI, Kim C, Sathasivam R, Park SU Life (Basel) 19-Apr-2023
PMCID:PMC10142052
doi:10.3390/life13041042
PMID:37109572
The mint versus Covid hypothesis Buck CB Med Hypotheses 15-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10062428
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2023.111047
PMID:37007799
Recent advances in targeted antibacterial therapy basing on nanomaterials Geng Z, Cao Z, Liu J Exploration (Beijing) 05-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC10191045
doi:10.1002/EXP.20210117
PMID:37323620

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoyl derivatives
4-Methoxybenzaldehyde 31244 Click to see 136.15 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698065
Benzaldehyde 240 Click to see 106.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698065
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Methoxybenzenes / Dimethoxybenzenes
Methyleugenol 7127 Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CC=C)OC 178.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
> Benzenoids / Phenol ethers / Anisoles
Anethole 637563 Click to see 148.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698114
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698065
Estragole 8815 Click to see 148.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698114
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698065
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
Eugenol 3314 Click to see 164.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons
4,4-Dimethylnonane 53425988 Click to see 156.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698065
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Branched unsaturated hydrocarbons
3-Ethyl-2-methyloct-2-ene 85682407 Click to see CCCCCC(=C(C)C)CC 154.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698065
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
1-Octen-3-Ol 18827 Click to see 128.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
beta-OCIMENE, (3E)- 5281553 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698065
Geraniol 637566 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCO)C)C 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
Linalool 6549 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698065
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
Myrcene 31253 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698065
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(+-)-alpha-Pinene 6654 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698065
Camphene 6616 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698065
Sabinol 94147 Click to see 152.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698114
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
(+)-Menthone 443159 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
Limonene, (+/-)- 22311 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698065
p-Menthan-3-one 6986 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(1R,4aR,8aS)-1,6-dimethyl-4-propan-2-yl-3,4,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalen-1-ol 5315594 Click to see 222.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
(1R,4S,4aR)-1,6-dimethyl-4-propan-2-yl-3,4,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalen-1-ol 5315592 Click to see 222.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
4,12,12-Trimethyl-9-methylene-5-oxatricyclo(8.2.0.04,6)dodecane 14350 Click to see 220.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
alpha-Cadinol 10398656 Click to see CC1=CC2C(CCC(C2CC1)(C)O)C(C)C 222.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
Cadina-1(10),4-diene 10223 Click to see CC1=CC2C(CCC(=C2CC1)C)C(C)C 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
Caryophyllene 5281515 Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C2CC(C2CC1)(C)C 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
Caryophyllene oxide 1742210 Click to see 220.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
delta-Cadinene 441005 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
delta-Cadinol 3084311 Click to see CC1=CC2C(CCC(C2CC1)(C)O)C(C)C 222.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
Humulene 5281520 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
I2-Ionone 638014 Click to see 192.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Aromadendrane sesquiterpenoids / 5,10-cycloaromadendrane sesquiterpenoids
(1aS,4aS,7S,7aR,7bS)-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylidene-1a,2,3,4a,5,6,7a,7b-octahydrocyclopropa[h]azulen-7-ol 97032059 Click to see 220.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
(7aR)-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylidene-1a,2,3,4a,5,6,7a,7b-octahydrocyclopropa[h]azulen-7-ol 5321422 Click to see 220.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Germacrane sesquiterpenoids
(S,1Z,6Z)-8-Isopropyl-1-methyl-5-methylenecyclodeca-1,6-diene 91723653 Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C=CC(CC1)C(C)C 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
Germacrene D 5317570 Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C=CC(CC1)C(C)C 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Carotenes
Beta-Carotene 5280489 Click to see 536.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698114
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Xanthophylls
Lutein A 5281243 Click to see 568.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698114
Violaxanthin 448438 Click to see 600.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698114
Zeaxanthin 5280899 Click to see 568.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698114
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acid derivatives / Carboxylic acid esters
1-Octen-3-yl acetate 17121 Click to see 170.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides
(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2S,3S,4R,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,6S)-4-hydroxy-6-[(2R,3R,4R,6S)-4-methoxy-6-[(2R,3S,4S,6R)-4-methoxy-2-methyl-6-[(1S,2R,7S,10R,11S,14R,15R,16R,19S)-10,14,16-trimethyl-17,20,21-trioxahexacyclo[14.4.1.01,14.02,11.05,10.015,19]henicos-4-en-7-yl]oxan-3-yl]oxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 15939579 Click to see 1055.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698114
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Medium-chain aldehydes
2,2-Dimethylhexanal 523230 Click to see CCCCC(C)(C)C=O 128.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698065
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Ketones
3-Octanone 246728 Click to see CCCCCC(=O)CC 128.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700708
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698065
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Ethers / Dialkyl ethers
2-Methoxy-1-propanol 14846 Click to see 90.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698114
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones
CID 162977223 162977223 Click to see 416.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698114
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Tetrapyrroles and derivatives / Chlorins
methyl (21S,22S)-16-ethenyl-11-ethyl-12,17,21,26-tetramethyl-4-oxo-22-[3-oxo-3-[(E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-enoxy]propyl]-7,23,24,25-tetrazahexacyclo[18.2.1.15,8.110,13.115,18.02,6]hexacosa-1(23),2(6),5(26),7,9,11,13,15,17,19-decaene-3-carboxylate 6326752 Click to see 871.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698114
methyl (3R,21S,22S)-16-ethenyl-11-ethyl-12,17,21,26-tetramethyl-4-oxo-22-[3-oxo-3-[(E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-enoxy]propyl]-7,23,24,25-tetrazahexacyclo[18.2.1.15,8.110,13.115,18.02,6]hexacosa-1(23),2(6),5(26),7,9,11,13,15,17,19-decaene-3-carboxylate 5459387 Click to see 871.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698114

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