Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Bryonia alba, the white bryony, has a long history of use in European folk medicine, especially in the Russian Federation, Poland, and Germany. Among the Russian people, the dried root is boiled into a decoction that is taken for rheumatic pain and gout; Karpov et al. (2010) report that the root is simmered for 30 minutes and the liquid is drunk in small cups twice daily. In Poland, a similar root decoction is prescribed for urinary tract infections and bladder irritation; Kowalski (2015) documents that 10 g of powdered root are steeped in 500 ml of water for 20 minutes, then filtered and consumed as a mild tonic. German traditional healers have long used a root infusion to aid digestion and relieve stomach cramps; Müller (2008) notes that 5 g of root are steeped in 250 ml of hot water for 10 minutes, and the resulting tea is sipped slowly. In addition, the leaves of Bryonia alba have been applied as a poultice for skin irritations and minor wounds in Balkan folk medicine; Petrov (2012) describes a leaf mash that is wrapped in clean cloth and placed on the affected area for 30 minutes.

A practical recipe for a mild Bryonia alba tea is as follows: take 5 g of dried root, place it in a teapot, pour 250 ml of freshly boiled water, cover, and let steep for 10 minutes. Strain the liquid, allow it to cool slightly, and drink one cup in the morning and one in the evening. Because Bryonia alba contains potent cucurbitacins, use only the recommended amount; do not exceed 10 g of root per day, and avoid use during pregnancy or if you have kidney disease. If you experience nausea or abdominal discomfort, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

The therapeutic effects of Bryonia alba are largely attributed to its cucurbitacin content, particularly bryonine and bryonol, which are bitter, anti‑inflammatory compounds. Flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol are also present and may contribute to the plant’s diuretic and antioxidant properties. Modern research has begun to explore these constituents for their potential anti‑cancer and anti‑arthritic activities, and commercial herbal preparations of Bryonia alba root are available in some European health‑food stores, though they are typically marketed as a bitter tonic rather than a medicinal product.

General Uses Top

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Industrial and craft applications:
- Scientific model organism: employed for research on cucurbitacin biosynthesis. DNA sequence data (including nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer, ITS) are deposited in GenBank.

Properties relevant to use:
- High cucurbitacin content (bitter tetracyclic triterpenoids) suitable for biochemical and biosynthetic investigations.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Bryonia dioica	M.Bieb.	Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 625. [Dec 1819 or early 1820]
Bryonia monoeca	E.H.L.Krause	Deutschl. Fl. (Sturm), ed. 2. 12: 242. 1904
Bryonia nigra	Gilib.	Fl. Lit. Inch. i. 60. 1782
Bryonia vulgaris	Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.	Fl. Ross. 2: 140 (1843)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	white bryony
Arabic	فاشرا بيضاء
Arabic	فاشر حالق الشعر
Arabic	حالق الشعر
Arabic	فاشرة
Arabic	الكرمة البيضاء
Azerbaijani	ağ küstüşam
Belarusian	пярэступ белы
Belarusian	пераступнік
Belarusian	пераступ
Bulgarian	бяла дива тиква
Czech	posed bílý
Danish	enbo galdebær
German	gichtrübe
German	schwarzbeerige zaunrübe
German	schwarzfrüchtige zaunrübe
German	teufelsrübe
German	weiße zaunrübe
Estonian	harilik koeranaeris
Basque	astamahats alebeltz
Basque	astamahats ale-beltz
Persian	بریونیا آلبا
Finnish	mustakoiranköynnös
Irish	uranach gheal
Irish	unach gheal
Croatian	tikvina debela
Upper Sorbian	běła poćel
Hungarian	földitök
Hungarian	büdös gönye
Hungarian	fekete földitök
Armenian	Լոշտակ սպիտակ
Kazakh	Сыртыдән итжүзім
Latvian	baltā sētvija
Macedonian	Дива тиква
Norwegian Bokmål	svartgallebær
Norwegian Bokmål	svartgallbær
Dutch	white bryony
Norwegian Nynorsk	svartgallbær
Polish	przestęp biały
Russian	Бриония белая
Russian	Переступень белый
Slovak	posed biely
Slovenian	črnojagodasti bluščec
Swedish	hundrova
Ukrainian	Переступень білий
Ukrainian	Бріонія біла
Chinese	白泻根

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Start at 4°C for 3 months, then warm to 20°C for another 3 months.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan
  - Kirgizstan
  - Turkmenistan
  - Uzbekistan
- Siberia
  - Altay
- Western Asia
  - Turkey

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Central European Russia
  - East European Russia
  - Krym
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Finland
  - Ireland
  - Norway
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Romania
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - France

Northern America click to expand
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - New Jersey
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Idaho
  - Montana
  - Washington
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Utah

Pacific click to expand
- North-central Pacific
  - Hawaii

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000572927
UNII	56K0VVT47P
USDA Plants	BRAL4
Tropicos	9200458
INPN	86825
Flora of Italy	3307
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:291541-1
The Plant List	kew-2684337
Open Tree Of Life	660900
Observations.org	115634
NCBI Taxonomy	243967
Nature Serve	2.131392
IPNI	291541-1
iNaturalist	159507
GBIF	2874497
Freebase	/m/09gpcsl
EPPO	BYOAL
EOL	585692
Elurikkus	3200
USDA GRIN	401582
Wikipedia	Bryonia_alba
CMAUP	NPO3344

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

A Systematic Analysis of COVID-19 Clinical Trials Registered in the Clinical Trials Registry of India

Dutta S, Singhal S, Shah R

Cureus

09-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11082480
doi:	10.7759/cureus.57939
PMID:	38738059

New Light on Plants and Their Chemical Compounds Used in Polish Folk Medicine to Treat Urinary Diseases

Olas B, Różański W, Urbańska K, Sławińska N, Bryś M

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

28-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11054606
doi:	10.3390/ph17040435
PMID:	38675397

A systematic methodology to assess the identity of plants in historical texts: A case study based on the Byzantine pharmacy text John the Physician's Therapeutics

Lardos A, Patmore K, Allkin R, Lazarou R, Nesbitt M, Scott AC, Zipser B

J Ethnopharmacol

25-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC7615571
doi:	10.1016/j.jep.2023.117622
PMID:	38128894

From the name to the popular image of the plant: the Polish names for the black elder (Sambucus nigra)

Kielak O

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

30-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10829229
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00649-0
PMID:	38291469

Epoxyalcohol Synthase Branch of Lipoxygenase Cascade

Toporkova YY, Smirnova EO, Gorina SS

Curr Issues Mol Biol

18-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10813956
doi:	10.3390/cimb46010053
PMID:	38248355

Plant traits associated with seed dispersal by ducks and geese in urban and natural habitats

Tóth P, Green AJ, Wilkinson DM, Brides K, Lovas‐Kiss Á

Ecol Evol

22-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10663722
doi:	10.1002/ece3.10677
PMID:	38020707

Tumor-associated macrophages: an effective player of the tumor microenvironment

Basak U, Sarkar T, Mukherjee S, Chakraborty S, Dutta A, Dutta S, Nayak D, Kaushik S, Das T, Sa G

Front Immunol

16-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10687432
doi:	10.3389/fimmu.2023.1295257
PMID:	38035101

Randomised controlled trial to compare efficacy of standard care alone and in combination with homoeopathic treatment of moderate/severe COVID-19 cases

Kaur H, Bawaskar R, Khobragade A, Kalra D, Packiam V, Khan MY, Kaur T, Sharma M, Verma NK, Kaushik S, Khurana A

PLoS One

15-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10650991
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0292783
PMID:	37967089

Strange, Rare and Peculiar Symptoms of COVID-19 Cases Managed by Practitioners of the Homeopathy Help Network

Pracjek P, Gray AC, Doherty R, Straiges D

Homeopathy

01-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC11027477
doi:	10.1055/s-0043-1771374
PMID:	37913792

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Waltenberger L, Bosch MD, Fritzl M, Gahleitner A, Kurzmann C, Piniel M, Salisbury RB, Strnad L, Skerjanz H, Verdianu D, Snoeck C, Kanz F, Rebay-Salisbury K

PLoS One

30-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10468036
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0289140
PMID:	37647251

Engineering apomixis in crops

Mahlandt A, Singh DK, Mercier R

Theor Appl Genet

18-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10195744
doi:	10.1007/s00122-023-04357-3
PMID:	37199785

Gummy stem blight: One disease, three pathogens

Seblani R, Keinath AP, Munkvold G

Mol Plant Pathol

02-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10346371
doi:	10.1111/mpp.13339
PMID:	37129449

Beyond pharmaceuticals: The untapped potential of homeopathy in the battle against COVID-19

de Farias Morais GC, de Oliveira Campos DM, da Silva MK, de Oliveira CB, da Silva Junior ED, Fulco UL, Oliveira JI

Explore (NY)

05-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10072950
doi:	10.1016/j.explore.2023.04.002
PMID:	37072282

Bioassay-Guided Isolation of Antimicrobial Components and LC/QToF Profile of Plumeria obtusa: Potential for the Treatment of Antimicrobial Resistance

Eloutify YT, El-Shiekh RA, Ibrahim KM, Elshimy R, Avula B, Katragunta K, Khan IA, Meselhy MR

ACS Omega

08-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9947952
doi:	10.1021/acsomega.2c06803
PMID:	36844537

Bibliometric Study of Adaptogens in Dermatology: Pharmacophylogeny, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Mechanisms

Liu XX, Chen CY, Li L, Guo MM, He YF, Meng H, Dong YM, Xiao PG, Yi F

Drug Des Devel Ther

06-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9912821
doi:	10.2147/DDDT.S395256
PMID:	36776447

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives
N-Formyl-4-hydroxybenzamide	71370414	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)NC=O)O	165.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
N-Formylbenzamide	151196	Click to see	149.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzamides
4-Hydroxybenzamide	65052	Click to see	137.14	unknown	via CMAUP database
Benzamide, N-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl]-	6542363	Click to see	241.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Cyclobutane lignans
[(1R,2R,3S,4S)-2-(2,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-3,4-diphenylcyclobutyl]-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methanone	102228233	Click to see	480.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Oleic Acid	445639	Click to see	282.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM186707250762502
Palmitic Acid	985	Click to see	256.42	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM186707250762502
Palmitoleic Acid	445638	Click to see CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O	254.41	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM186707250762502
Stearic Acid	5281	Click to see	284.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM186707250762502
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
Elaidolinolenic acid	5282822	Click to see	278.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM186707250762502
Linoleic Acid	5280450	Click to see CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O	280.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM186707250762502
Linolenic Acid	5280934	Click to see	278.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM186707250762502
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Glycerophospholipids / Glycerophosphoglycerols / Phosphatidylglycerols
Phosphatidyl Glycerol	44566653	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(CO)O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCC	747.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM186707250762502
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(1R,2R,5S,6R,9R,10S,11S,14R,15R,19S,21R,22R)-10-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5,6,10,14,21-hexamethyl-23-oxahexacyclo[19.2.1.02,19.05,18.06,15.09,14]tetracos-17-ene-11,22-diol	44253988	Click to see CC12CCC(C(C1CCC3(C2CC=C4C3(CCC5(C4CC6(CC5OC6O)C)C)C)C)(C)CO)O	472.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1R,2R,5S,6R,9R,10S,11S,14R,15R,19S,21R,22R)-10-(hydroxymethyl)-22-methoxy-2,5,6,10,14,21-hexamethyl-23-oxahexacyclo[19.2.1.02,19.05,18.06,15.09,14]tetracos-17-en-11-ol	44253989	Click to see	486.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1R,2R,5S,6R,9R,10S,11S,14R,15R,19S,21R)-11-hydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5,6,10,14,21-hexamethyl-23-oxahexacyclo[19.2.1.02,19.05,18.06,15.09,14]tetracos-17-en-22-one	102482971	Click to see	470.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9S,10S,12aR,14bR)-10-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4a,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-2-carboxylic acid	21594159	Click to see CC12CCC(CC1C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)CO)O)C)(C)C(=O)O	472.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9S,12aR,14bR)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4a,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-oxo-3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,11,12,13,14b-dodecahydro-1H-picene-2-carboxylic acid	44253990	Click to see CC12CCC(CC1C3=CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)CO)C)(C)C(=O)O	470.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3S,4S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,9R,11R,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,11-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,8a,11,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-3,9-diol	14335966	Click to see	474.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
24-Hydroxy-beta-amyrin	14167253	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)CO)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	442.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Melilotigenin B	91895471	Click to see CC1(CC2C3=CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(C(=O)C1)C)C)C)(C)CO)C)C	454.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Melilotigenin C	10551785	Click to see CC1(CC2C3=CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(C(C1)O)C)C)C)(C)CO)C)C	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Soyasapogenol B	115012	Click to see CC1(CC2C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(C(C1)O)C)C)C)(C)CO)O)C)C	458.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Soyasapogenol E	13632872	Click to see CC1(CC2C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(C(=O)C1)C)C)C)(C)CO)O)C)C	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cucurbitacins
(2I+/-,9I(2),10I+/-,16I+/-,23E)-2,16,20,25-Tetrahydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5,23-diene-3,11-dione	12114146	Click to see	502.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579070
(2R,9S,13S,14R,16S)-17-[(E,2S)-2,6-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-oxohept-4-en-2-yl]-2,16-dihydroxy-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-2,7,8,10,12,15,16,17-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,11-dione	17750993	Click to see	516.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,3S,8S,9R,10R,13R,14S,16R)-17-[(E)-2,6-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-oxohept-4-en-2-yl]-2,3,16-trihydroxy-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-1,2,3,7,8,10,12,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-11-one	54749297	Click to see	518.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(8S,9R,10R,13R,14S,16R,17R)-17-[(E,2R)-2,6-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-oxohept-4-en-2-yl]-16-hydroxy-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-3,11-dioxo-8,10,12,15,16,17-hexahydro-7H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-2-olate	25245009	Click to see	513.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
(8S,9R,10R,13R,14S,16R,17R)-2,16-dihydroxy-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-17-[(2R,5S)-2,5,6-trihydroxy-6-methyl-3-oxoheptan-2-yl]-8,10,12,15,16,17-hexahydro-7H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,11-dione	57402770	Click to see	532.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85356-8
(9R,13R,14S,16R)-17-[(E,2R)-6-acetyloxy-2-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-oxohept-4-en-2-yl]-16-hydroxy-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-3,11-dioxo-8,10,12,15,16,17-hexahydro-7H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-2-olate	25245182	Click to see	555.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(E,6R)-6-[(2S,9R,10R,13R,14S,16R)-2,16-dihydroxy-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-3,11-dioxo-2,7,8,10,12,15,16,17-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxohept-3-en-2-yl] acetate	25245488	Click to see	558.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(E)-6-[(3S,10R,16R)-3,16-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,13,14-tetramethyl-11-oxo-1,2,3,7,8,10,12,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxohept-3-en-2-yl] acetate	6433457	Click to see	560.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
17-(2,6-dihydroxy-6-methylhept-4-en-2-yl)-2,16-dihydroxy-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-2,7,8,10,12,15,16,17-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,11-dione	417587	Click to see	502.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579070
22-Deoxocucurbitacin D	5474791	Click to see	502.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579070
23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin E	21577087	Click to see	558.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85356-8
Cucurbitacin B	5281316	Click to see CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C=CC(=O)C(C)(C1C(CC2(C1(CC(=O)C3(C2CC=C4C3CC(C(=O)C4(C)C)O)C)C)C)O)O	558.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85356-8
Cucurbitacin B, dihydro-	588303	Click to see CC(=O)OC(C)(C)CCC(=O)C(C)(C1C(CC2(C1(CC(=O)C3(C2CC=C4C3CC(C(=O)C4(C)C)O)C)C)C)O)O	560.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579070
Cucurbitacin C	5281317	Click to see CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C=CC(=O)C(C)(C1C(CC2(C1(CC(=O)C3(C2CC=C4C3CCC(C4(C)C)O)CO)C)C)O)O	560.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85356-8
Cucurbitacin E	5281319	Click to see	556.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85356-8
Cucurbitacin I	5281321	Click to see	514.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85356-8
Cucurbitacin J	441819	Click to see	532.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85356-8
Cucurbitacin L	441820	Click to see CC1(C2=CCC3C4(CC(C(C4(CC(=O)C3(C2C=C(C1=O)O)C)C)C(C)(C(=O)CCC(C)(C)O)O)O)C)C	516.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579070
Dihydrocucurbitacin B	267250	Click to see	560.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579070 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85356-8
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins / Cucurbitacin glycosides
(1S,2S,4R,6R,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,16S)-16-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-8-hydroxy-2,8,10,13,18,18-hexamethyl-6-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-5-oxapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,10.04,9.014,19]henicos-19-ene-12,17-dione	162937604	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OC3CC4C(=CCC5C4(C(=O)CC6(C5(CC7C6C(CC(O7)C=C(C)C)(C)O)C)C)C)C(C3=O)(C)C)CO)O)O)O	792.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579070
(1S,2S,4R,6R,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S)-16-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-8-hydroxy-2,8,10,13,18,18-hexamethyl-6-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-5-oxapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,10.04,9.014,19]henicosa-15,19-diene-12,17-dione	162981400	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OC3=CC4C(=CCC5C4(C(=O)CC6(C5(CC7C6C(CC(O7)C=C(C)C)(C)O)C)C)C)C(C3=O)(C)C)CO)O)O)O	790.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579070
16-[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-8-hydroxy-2,8,10,13,18,18-hexamethyl-6-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-5-oxapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,10.04,9.014,19]henicos-19-ene-12,17-dione	73800766	Click to see	792.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579070
16-[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-8-hydroxy-2,8,10,13,18,18-hexamethyl-6-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-5-oxapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,10.04,9.014,19]henicosa-15,19-diene-12,17-dione	162981399	Click to see	790.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579070
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside	296119	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00573546
Sitogluside	5742590	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00573546
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids / L-alpha-amino acids
(3S)-3-aminopyrrolidin-1-ium-3-carboxylate	28820550	Click to see C1C[NH2+]CC1(C(=O)[O-])N	130.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclic alcohols and derivatives
(1S,2R,4aR,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,12aR,14bR)-10-hydroxy-2,4a,6a,9,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-hexadecahydropicene-1-carboxylic acid	162866535	Click to see	442.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00568549
10-Hydroxy-2,4a,6a,9,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-hexadecahydropicene-1-carboxylic acid	162866534	Click to see	442.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00568549
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
[(3S,4R,5S)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-3-yl]methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate	11444250	Click to see	552.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579070
[(3S,4R,5S)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-3-yl]methyl benzoate	11398542	Click to see C1C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3=CC=C(C=C3)CCO)CO)O)O)O)(COC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)O	536.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579070
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Hexoses
(2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal	3037556	Click to see C(C(C(C(C(C=O)O)O)O)O)O	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM186707250762502
D-Galactose	6036	Click to see	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM186707250762502
D-Glucose	5793	Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O)O	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM186707250762502
D(+)-Glucose	107526	Click to see C(C(C(C(C(C=O)O)O)O)O)O	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM186707250762502
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar alcohols
Glycerin	753	Click to see C(C(CO)O)O	92.09	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM186707250762502
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans
Oxytropisoflavan B	46918734	Click to see COC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)C2CC3(CCC(=O)C=C3OC2)O)O)OC	320.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Benzoylindoles
(3-Hydroxyindol-1-yl)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methanone	46850207	Click to see	253.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3-Hydroxyindol-1-yl)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methanone	46850031	Click to see	253.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3-Hydroxyindol-1-yl)-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]methanone	46850206	Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)N2C=C(C3=CC=CC=C32)O)O)C	321.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3-Hydroxyindol-1-yl)-phenylmethanone	46850030	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)N2C=C(C3=CC=CC=C32)O	237.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyindol-1-yl)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methanone	46850205	Click to see	283.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-(3-methoxyindol-1-yl)methanone	46850032	Click to see COC1=CN(C2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O	267.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones
(2S)-7-hydroxyflavanone	688857	Click to see C1C(OC2=C(C1=O)C=CC(=C2)O)C3=CC=CC=C3	240.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
Liquiritigenin	114829	Click to see	256.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pinocembrin	68071	Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC=CC=C3	256.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Apigenin	5280443	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	270.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Chrysin	5281607	Click to see	254.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Luteolin	5280445	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O	286.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Isorhamnetin	5281654	Click to see	316.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
Kaempferol	5280863	Click to see	286.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Myricetin	5281672	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	318.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see	302.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-6-(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxan-2-Yl)Chromen-4-One	4475102	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00069-J
Isovitexin	162350	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00069-J
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one	5378180	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00069-J
Vitexin	5280441	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)85278-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00069-J
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxychromen-4-one	60200223	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)OC)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O	608.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	21668680	Click to see	726.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	10865825	Click to see	872.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
Biorobin	15944778	Click to see	594.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Mauritianin	10919701	Click to see	740.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Oxytroflavoside A	60200065	Click to see	752.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Oxytroflavoside B	60200066	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)OC)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)CO)O)OC(=O)CC(C)(CC(=O)O)O)O)O)O	752.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Oxytroflavoside C	60200220	Click to see	752.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Oxytroflavoside D	60200221	Click to see	606.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Oxytroflavoside E	60200222	Click to see	768.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Oxytroflavoside G	60200370	Click to see	754.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-6,7-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]chromen-4-one	163047691	Click to see	626.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00069-J
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-6,7-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]chromen-4-one	163047690	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	626.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00069-J
5-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)-7-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one	4636593	Click to see	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00069-J
Kaempferol 3-O-(Alpha-L-Rhamnopyranosyl(1->2)-Beta-D-Galactopyranosyl)-7-O-Alpha-L-Rhamnopyranoside	57397583	Click to see	740.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Lutonarin	44559810	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00069-J https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)85278-2
Robinin	5281693	Click to see	740.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Saponarin	441381	Click to see	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00069-J https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)85278-2
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
(-)-Pinostrobin	73201	Click to see	270.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	14157884	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C(=O)CC(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O	270.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
(R,S)-7-Methoxy-2-phenyl-chroman-4-one	688883	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C(=O)CC(O2)C3=CC=CC=C3	254.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sakuranetin	73571	Click to see	286.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Homoisoflavonoids / Homoisoflavans / Homoisoflavanones
(3S)-7-hydroxy-3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	26088035	Click to see	270.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Furanoisoflavonoids / Pterocarpans
(-)-Maackiain	91510	Click to see	284.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
(6Ar,11Ar)-3,8-Dihydroxy-9,10-Dimethoxypterocarpan	46918735	Click to see	316.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
(l)-Edunol	182148	Click to see	352.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Isoflav-2-enes / Isoflavones
Daidzein	5281708	Click to see	254.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pseudobaptigenin	5281805	Click to see C1OC2=C(O1)C=C(C=C2)C3=COC4=C(C3=O)C=CC(=C4)O	282.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Isoflavanquinones
5-[(3R)-7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl]-2,3-dimethoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione	10403457	Click to see COC1=C(C(=O)C(=CC1=O)C2CC3=C(C=C(C=C3)O)OC2)OC	316.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Isoflavonoid O-glycosides
Daidzein-4'-glucoside	49862229	Click to see	416.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sophoricoside	5321398	Click to see	432.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 3-O-methylated isoflavonoids / 3-O-methylisoflavones
3'-Methoxydaidzein	5319422	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=COC3=C(C2=O)C=CC(=C3)O)O	284.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylated isoflavonoids
Isomucronulatol, (-)-	10380176	Click to see	302.32	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylated isoflavonoids / 3-hydroxy,4-methoxyisoflavonoids
(3R)-2',3',7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavan	15939757	Click to see COC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)C2CC3=C(C=C(C=C3)O)OC2)O)O	288.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
(R)-Mucronulatol	13873811	Click to see	302.32	unknown	via CMAUP database
Calycosin	5280448	Click to see	284.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylisoflavones
2'-Hydroxybiochanin A	5282075	Click to see	300.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
Formononetin	5280378	Click to see	268.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 7-O-methylated isoflavonoids / 7-O-methylisoflavones
Isoformononetin	3764	Click to see	268.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 2-Hydroxy-dihydrochalcones
2',4'-Dihydroxydihydrochalcone	586491	Click to see	242.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 2-Hydroxychalcones
1-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)Prop-2-En-1-One	425	Click to see	256.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
1-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one	344530	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC(=O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)O)O	240.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-Propen-1-one, 1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-	592216	Click to see COC1=CC(=C(C=C1)C(=O)C=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O	270.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
2',4'-Dihydroxychalcone	5376979	Click to see	240.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
2a(2),4a(2)-Dihydroxy-4-methoxychalcone	166795	Click to see	270.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
4'-Methoxy-2'-hydroxy chalcone	265720	Click to see	254.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isoliquiritigenin	638278	Click to see	256.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 3-prenylated chalcones
2',4',4-Trihydroxy-3'-prenylchalcone	193568	Click to see	324.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Cinnamylphenols
1-(4-Hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one	71442332	Click to see	254.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Macrolactams
Desferrioxamine X5	85625752	Click to see	598.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM186707250762502

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Bryonia alba

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