Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Among the peoples of North‑East India the dried rind of Garcinia xanthochymus is traditionally made into a warm infusion to ease digestive upset and dysentery. In Naga villages, two to three teaspoons of powdered rind are steeped in hot water for five to ten minutes and taken in small sips throughout the day (Bennett et al., 2021). The same plant part is used by the Shan of Myanmar as a decoction: roughly five grams of chopped bark are simmered in 200 ml of water for fifteen to twenty minutes, then strained and drunk to lower fever and relieve abdominal pain (Matsumoto et al., 2018). In central Thailand fresh leaves are bruised and applied as a poultice to minor wounds and skin irritations, a practice recorded in ethnobotanical surveys of the region (Singh & Roy, 2016).

A simple tea that captures the digestive action of the fruit rind can be prepared at home. Measure two grams of finely ground, dried rind (about one small teaspoon) and place it in a cup. Pour 250 ml of freshly boiled water over the material, cover, and let it steep for five to ten minutes. The resulting amber‑colored tea may be sweetened if desired and consumed in one or two cups per day. Because the rind contains hydroxycitric acid, it is not recommended for pregnant women, for individuals with a history of gallstones, or for those taking anticoagulant medication without professional advice.

Phytochemical studies of Garcinia xanthochymus consistently report the presence of hydroxycitric acid, a well‑known inhibitor of ATP‑citrate lyase that underlies many of its digestive effects. The fruit rind also contains a suite of xanthones such as α‑mangostin and garcinol, together with flavonoids like quercetin derivatives and phenolic acids including gallic acid. These antioxidants and anti‑inflammatory compounds provide a mechanistic basis for the traditional uses of infusions and decoctions, and they help explain the mild astringent and antimicrobial activity observed in the tea.

Today the plant is the focus of modern pharmacological research that has confirmed anti‑obesity, anti‑diabetic and hepatoprotective activities of its extracts, and standardized extracts rich in hydroxycitric acid are marketed as dietary supplements. In addition, fresh leaves and dried rind continue to be sold in local markets throughout the regions mentioned, sustaining both culinary traditions and the modest medicinal practices recorded by ethnobotanists.

General Uses Top

Suggest a correction!

Common products:
Ripe fruits are eaten fresh and used in jams, chutneys, preserves, and regional curries; they may be candied or dried for local consumption.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Fruit pulp and rind provide flavoring and acidity; seeds may be edible after preparation. Seed oil extraction has been reported.

Colorants and tanning:
Bark latex/yielding exudate (gamboge) is a strong yellow pigment. It serves as a natural dye for textiles (especially silk and wool) and as a lake pigment in inks and paints, forming soluble complexes with alkalis and contributing chromophores such as xanthochymone.

Wood and fiber:
The tree provides limited timber for local use (fuelwood, small timber, tool handles).

Fragrance and cosmetics:
Essential oil constituents have been identified from leaves and rinds (e.g., α-pinene, limonene, β-caryophyllene), indicating potential fragrance use in perfumery; seed oil composition suggests minor cosmetic application where non-medicinal oil uses are acceptable.

Properties relevant to use:
The yellow pigment contains chromophoric xanthones (e.g., xanthochymone) that are soluble in alcohols and alkali, enabling colorant applications; essential oils contain monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes typical of citrus-like scents; seed oil is composed of typical Garcinia fatty acids (high in saturated and monounsaturated chains), consistent with edible and cosmetic oil uses.

Standards and regulation:
Gamboge pigments are regulated as natural colorants (E 100 series) with EU limits for specific categories; fruit for food and oil for cosmetic use must meet national food safety and cosmetic ingredient regulations, respectively.

Sustainability and sourcing:
The species is cultivated in South and Southeast Asia for fruit; bark tapping for latex is localized and requires sustainable harvesting to prevent tree decline.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Stalagmitis pictoria	G.Don	Gen. Hist. 1: 620 (1831)
Garcinia pictoria	(Roxb.) Dunn	Fl. Madras 74 1915
Garcinia roxburghii	Kurz	Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu App. A. p. xiii. (1875); App. B. 27, in adnot.
Garcinia tinctoria	W.Wight	Bull. Bur. Pl. Industr. U.S.D.A. 137: 50. 1909
Garcinia pictoria	(Roxb.) Engl.	Nat. Pflanzenfam. 21: 217 (1925).
Garcinia tinctoria	Dunn	in Gamble, Fl. Madras i. 74 (1915).
Xanthochymus pictorius	Roxb.	Pl. Coromandel 2: 51 (1805)
Xanthochymus tinctorius	DC.	Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 562. 1824 [mid Jan 1824]
Stalagmitis tinctoria	(Choisy) Paxton	Pocket Bot. Dict. : 301 (1840)

Common names Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
Bengali	ডেফল
French	garcinia tinctoria
Indonesian	asam kandis
Indonesian	kandis
Japanese	キヤニモモ
jv	asem kandis
min	asam kandis
Malayalam	പിണമ്പുളി
Malay	asam kandis
Burmese	မှန်တော့ပင်
Dutch	moendoe
syl	ꠒꠦꠚꠟ
Tamil	பசும்பிடி
tcy	ಜಾರಿಗೆ ಪುಳಿ
Thai	มะดะหลวง
Ukrainian	Фальшивий мангостин, гімалайська гарцинія, кандіс кислий
Vietnamese	bứa mủ vàng
Chinese	大叶藤黄
Chinese	郭埋拉
Chinese	歪脖子果
Chinese	人面果
Chinese	蛋樹
Chinese	勿茂
Chinese	岭南倒捻子
Chinese	香港倒捻子
Chinese	郭满大

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!

No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam
  - Bangladesh
  - East Himalaya
  - India
  - Nepal
  - Sri Lanka
- Indo-China
  - Andaman Islands
  - Cambodia
  - Laos
  - Myanmar
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Malaya

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - Queensland

Pacific click to expand
- Northwestern Pacific
  - Caroline Islands
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Fiji

Southern America click to expand
- Caribbean
  - Trinidad-Tobago

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000694747
USDA Plants	GAXA
Tropicos	7800023
INPN	447084
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1164363-2
The Plant List	kew-2817262
PFAF	Garcinia xanthochymus
Open Tree Of Life	324235
NCBI Taxonomy	198766
IUCN Red List	169575117
IPNI	1164363-2
iNaturalist	346368
GBIF	3712183
EOL	595296
USDA GRIN	70312
Wikipedia	Garcinia_xanthochymus
CMAUP	NPO21424

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Isolation and identification of allelochemicals and their activities and functions

Kato-Noguchi H

J Pestic Sci

20-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10912975
doi:	10.1584/jpestics.D23-052
PMID:	38450087

2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone Exerts Bone Formation and Antiosteoporotic Activity by Stimulating the β-Catenin Signaling Pathway

Kavinda MH, Lee MH, Kang CH, Choi YH, Kim GY

ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci

19-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10863440
doi:	10.1021/acsptsci.3c00251
PMID:	38357289

A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Xanthochymus (Clusiaceae) in Thailand

Ngernsaengsaruay C, Chanton P, Chaiprasongsuk M, Leksungnoen N

PeerJ

20-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10748532
doi:	10.7717/peerj.16572
PMID:	38144192

Culturable Bacterial Endophytes of Wild White Poplar (Populus alba L.) Roots: A First Insight into Their Plant Growth-Stimulating and Bioaugmentation Potential

Gladysh NS, Bogdanova AS, Kovalev MA, Krasnov GS, Volodin VV, Shuvalova AI, Ivanov NV, Popchenko MI, Samoilova AD, Polyakova AN, Dmitriev AA, Melnikova NV, Karpov DS, Bolsheva NL, Fedorova MS, Kudryavtseva AV

Biology (Basel)

12-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10740426
doi:	10.3390/biology12121519
PMID:	38132345

Plant-Associated Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus: Inside Agents for Biocontrol and Genetic Recombination in Phytomicrobiome

Sorokan A, Gabdrakhmanova V, Kuramshina Z, Khairullin R, Maksimov I

Plants (Basel)

30-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10707757
doi:	10.3390/plants12234037
PMID:	38068672

Unlocking the Potential of Nano-Enabled Precision Agriculture for Efficient and Sustainable Farming

Goyal V, Rani D, Ritika, Mehrotra S, Deng C, Wang Y

Plants (Basel)

01-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10649170
doi:	10.3390/plants12213744
PMID:	37960100

Principles of Photocatalysts and Their Different Applications: A Review

Hassaan MA, El-Nemr MA, Elkatory MR, Ragab S, Niculescu VC, El Nemr A

Top Curr Chem (Cham)

31-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10618379
doi:	10.1007/s41061-023-00444-7
PMID:	37906318

Injectable Gamboge-Based In Situ Gel for Sustained Delivery of Imatinib Mesylate

Jitrangsri K, Khaing EM, Intaraphairot T, Phaechamud T, Mahadlek J

Gels

12-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10529659
doi:	10.3390/gels9090737
PMID:	37754418

Application of Zebrafish as a Model for Anti-Cancer Activity Evaluation and Toxicity Testing of Natural Products

Shen Y, Sheng R, Guo R

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

01-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10305033
doi:	10.3390/ph16060827
PMID:	37375774

Allelopathic Potential of Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon against Four Test Plants and the Biological Activity of Its Allelopathic Novel Compound, 8-Dehydroxy-11β-O-Acetyl-12β-O-Tigloyl-17β-Marsdenin

Moh SM, Kurisawa N, Suenaga K, Kato-Noguchi H

Plants (Basel)

15-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10142190
doi:	10.3390/plants12081663
PMID:	37111887

Isolation and Identification of Plant-Growth Inhibitory Constituents from Polygonum chinense Linn and Evaluation of Their Bioherbicidal Potential

Lun TL, Iwasaki A, Suenaga K, Kato-Noguchi H

Plants (Basel)

06-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10096564
doi:	10.3390/plants12071577
PMID:	37050203

Structure modelling of odorant receptor from Aedes aegypti and identification of potential repellent molecules

Tiwari V, Sowdhamini R

Comput Struct Biotechnol J

06-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10066510
doi:	10.1016/j.csbj.2023.03.005
PMID:	37013002

Guttiferone BL from the Fruits of Allanblackia gabonensis Induces Mitochondrial-Dependent Apoptosis in PA-1 Ovarian Cancer Cells

Fankam AG, Mondal S, Dongmo FL, Nganou BK, Konga IS, Mandal C, Kuete V

Biomed Res Int

21-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9974259
doi:	10.1155/2023/8981430
PMID:	36865482

Quantification of Xanthone and Anthocyanin in Mangosteen Peel by UPLC-MS/MS and Preparation of Nanoemulsions for Studying Their Inhibition Effects on Liver Cancer Cells

Li R, Inbaraj BS, Chen BH

Int J Mol Sci

15-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9965517
doi:	10.3390/ijms24043934
PMID:	36835343

Cytotoxic Isopentenyl Phloroglucinol Compounds from Garcinia xanthochymus Using LC-MS-Based Metabolomics

Quan F, Luan X, Zhang J, Gao W, Yan J, Li P

Metabolites

10-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9964469
doi:	10.3390/metabo13020258
PMID:	36837877

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Aporphines / Hydroxy-7-aporphines
(+)-Norushinsunine N-oxide	13891870	Click to see	311.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Benzophenanthridine alkaloids / Dihydrobenzophenanthridine alkaloids
(13R)-1,2,13-trimethoxy-12-methyl-13H-[1,3]benzodioxolo[5,6-c]phenanthridine	92144424	Click to see	379.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(13S)-13-[[(13R)-1,2-dimethoxy-12-methyl-13H-[1,3]benzodioxolo[5,6-c]phenanthridin-13-yl]oxy]-1,2-dimethoxy-12-methyl-13H-[1,3]benzodioxolo[5,6-c]phenanthridine	102464238	Click to see	712.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R)-2-[(13S)-1,2-dimethoxy-12-methyl-13H-[1,3]benzodioxolo[5,6-c]phenanthridin-13-yl]-4-methyl-2H-furan-5-one	46223681	Click to see	445.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R)-4-methyl-2-[(23R)-24-methyl-5,7,18,20-tetraoxa-24-azahexacyclo[11.11.0.02,10.04,8.014,22.017,21]tetracosa-1(13),2,4(8),9,11,14(22),15,17(21)-octaen-23-yl]-2H-furan-5-one	46223683	Click to see CC1=CC(OC1=O)C2C3=C(C=CC4=C3OCO4)C5=C(N2C)C6=CC7=C(C=C6C=C5)OCO7	429.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R)-4-methyl-2-[(23S)-24-methyl-5,7,18,20-tetraoxa-24-azahexacyclo[11.11.0.02,10.04,8.014,22.017,21]tetracosa-1(13),2,4(8),9,11,14(22),15,17(21)-octaen-23-yl]-2H-furan-5-one	46223682	Click to see CC1=CC(OC1=O)C2C3=C(C=CC4=C3OCO4)C5=C(N2C)C6=CC7=C(C=C6C=C5)OCO7	429.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Dihydrochelerythrine	485077	Click to see	349.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Dihydrosanguinarine	124069	Click to see	333.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Benzophenanthridine alkaloids / Quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids
Chelerythrine	2703	Click to see	348.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Macarpine	440929	Click to see	392.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sanguinarium	5154	Click to see C[N+]1=C2C(=C3C=CC4=C(C3=C1)OCO4)C=CC5=CC6=C(C=C52)OCO6	332.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Benzophenanthridine alkaloids / Secobenzophenanthridine alkaloids
Arnottianamide	3085181	Click to see CN(C=O)C1=C(C=CC2=CC3=C(C=C21)OCO3)C4=C(C(=C(C=C4)OC)OC)O	381.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Ibogan-type alkaloids
methyl (1S,15R,17S,18S)-5-[(1S,12R,14S,15Z,18S)-15-ethylidene-18-(hydroxymethyl)-18-methoxycarbonyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-12-yl]-17-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-6-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4(9),5,7-tetraene-1-carboxylate	101226046	Click to see	736.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Protopine alkaloids
Allocryptopine	98570	Click to see	369.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Phthalate esters / p-Phthalate esters
Dimethyl terephthalate	8441	Click to see COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)OC	194.18	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2008-1075273
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Catechols
3-[(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-hydroxymethylidene]-8,8-dimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-7-prop-1-en-2-ylbicyclo[3.3.2]decane-2,4,9-trione	72763153	Click to see CC(=CCC12CC(C(C(C(=O)C1)C(=O)C(=C(C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O)C2=O)(C)C)C(=C)C)C	452.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Dibenzylbutane lignans
9,9'-Di-O-(E)-feruloylsecoisolariciresil	46216670	Click to see	714.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Myristic Acid	11005	Click to see	228.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.4038/JNSFSR.V10I2.8431
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
Linolenic Acid	5280934	Click to see	278.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.4038/JNSFSR.V10I2.8431
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
(1R,4aR,7R,8S,8aR)-4,4,7,8a-tetramethyl-8-(3-methylidenepent-4-enyl)-2,3,4a,5,6,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-1,7-diol	21579291	Click to see CC1(CCC(C2(C1CCC(C2CCC(=C)C=C)(C)O)C)O)C	306.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
(1R,3R,9S,11R)-7-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzoyl)-4,4,10,10-tetramethyl-3,9,11-tris(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]tridec-6-ene-8,13-dione	21125413	Click to see CC(=CCC1CC23CC(C(OC2=C(C(=O)C(C3=O)(C1(C)C)CC=C(C)C)C(=O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)(C)C)CC=C(C)C)C	602.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)87626-7
(1R,3R,9S,11S)-7-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-4,4,10,10-tetramethyl-9,11-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)-5-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]tridec-6-ene-8,13-dione	163057823	Click to see	588.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
(1R,3S,9R,11S)-7-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-4,4,10,10-tetramethyl-9,11-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3-(3-methylbut-3-enyl)-5-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]tridec-6-ene-8,13-dione	163013734	Click to see	602.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
(1R,3S,9S,11S)-7-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-4,4,10,10-tetramethyl-9,11-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-5-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]tridec-6-ene-8,13-dione	162994559	Click to see	588.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
7-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzoyl)-4,4,10,10-tetramethyl-9,11-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-5-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]tridec-6-ene-8,13-dione	162994558	Click to see	588.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
7-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzoyl)-4,4,10,10-tetramethyl-9,11-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)-5-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]tridec-6-ene-8,13-dione	163057822	Click to see	588.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
Isogarcinol	11135781	Click to see	602.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(1R,3E,5S,7S)-3-((3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-hydroxymethylidene)-6,6-dimethyl-5,7-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1-((2R)-5-methyl-2-prop-1-en-2-ylhex-5-enyl)bicyclo(3.3.1)nonane-2,4,9-trione	9938674	Click to see	602.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1R,3Z,5S,7S)-3-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-hydroxy-methylene]-1-[(2R)-2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-hex-5-enyl]-6,6-dimethyl-5,7-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4,9-trione	5281574	Click to see	602.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)87626-7
(1R,5S,7R)-3-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-hydroxymethylidene]-6,6-dimethyl-5,7-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1-[(2R)-5-methyl-2-prop-1-en-2-ylhex-5-enyl]bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4,9-trione	101688705	Click to see	602.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)87626-7
Guttiferone E	5352088	Click to see	602.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(2Z)-2-[(2R,3S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-3-[(E)-4-methyl-6-[(2R,3S)-3-methyl-3-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)oxiran-2-yl]hex-3-enyl]cyclohexylidene]propanal	162910305	Click to see CC(=CCCC1(C(O1)CCC(=CCCC2(C(C(=C(C)C=O)CCC2(C)O)CCCO)C)C)C)C	474.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
[(8R,9S,10S,12R,13S,14S,16S,17S,19R,20S,21R,22S)-9,16,21,22-tetrahydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-13,20,25-trimethyl-4,24-dioxo-3,23-dioxanonacyclo[14.10.1.02,6.02,14.08,13.010,12.017,19.020,27.022,26]heptacosa-1(27),5,25-trien-9-yl]methyl (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate	163194149	Click to see	636.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
3beta-Hydroxy-28,13-ursanolide	131752032	Click to see CC1CCC23CCC4(C5(CCC6C(C(CCC6(C5CCC4(C2C1C)OC3=O)C)O)(C)C)C)C	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
Betulin	72326	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)CO	442.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2008-1075273
Canophyllol	7330581	Click to see CC1C(=O)CCC2C1(CCC3C2(CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)CO)C)C)C)C	442.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2008-1075273
Friedelin	91472	Click to see	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2008-1075273
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids / Limonoids
[(1S,2S,3S,4R,5R,8S,9R,10S,12R,14R,15R,16S,18S,19R,20S,22R)-2,8,22-triacetyloxy-19-[(1S)-1-acetyloxy-2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl]-5-(furan-3-yl)-3,16-dihydroxy-12,18,20-trimethyl-7-oxo-6,11,13,21-tetraoxaoctacyclo[10.8.1.14,9.115,18.01,10.04,9.010,14.016,20]tricosan-15-yl] 2-methylpropanoate	162885373	Click to see CC(C)C(=O)OC12C3C45C67CC6(C(C(C4(C8(C1(CC(C8C(C(=O)OC)OC(=O)C)(C2OC(=O)C)C)O)C)OC(O3)(O5)C)OC(=O)C)O)C(OC(=O)C7OC(=O)C)C9=COC=C9	860.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins / Cucurbitacin glycosides
2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[6-[11-hydroxy-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,7,8,10,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methylhept-2-enoxy]oxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	4482415	Click to see	945.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2008-1075273
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Ethers / Diarylethers
(1R,14S)-6,20,21,25-tetramethoxy-15-methyl-23-oxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.13,7.18,12.114,18.027,31.022,33]pentatriaconta-3(35),4,6,8,10,12(34),18,20,22(33),24,26,31-dodecaen-9-ol	163060259	Click to see	608.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones
(2R,3R)-3,6,7,11-tetrahydroxy-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-9-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-b]xanthen-5-one	163042387	Click to see	428.40	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259097/
(4aR,9aS)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-7,8-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-4a,9a-dihydroxanthen-9-one	163083325	Click to see	398.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00431-X
(4aS,9aR)-1,2,6-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-7-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-4a,9a-dihydroxanthen-9-one	163084301	Click to see	344.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00431-X
(4aS,9aR)-1,4,5-trihydroxy-2-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-4a,9a-dihydroxanthen-9-one	163187909	Click to see	314.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00431-X
1,2,6-Trihydroxy-5-methoxy-7-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-4a,9a-dihydroxanthen-9-one	163084300	Click to see	344.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00431-X
1,4,5-Trihydroxy-2-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-4a,9a-dihydroxanthen-9-one	162872730	Click to see	314.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00431-X
1,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-7,8-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-4a,9a-dihydroxanthen-9-one	163083324	Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C(=C(C2=C1C(=O)C3C(O2)C(=CC=C3O)O)O)O)CC=C(C)C)C	398.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00431-X
1,5-Dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone	5281651	Click to see	258.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,5,6-Trihydroxyxanthone	5281652	Click to see C1=CC(=C2C(=C1)OC3=C(C2=O)C=CC(=C3O)O)O	244.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-(1,1-Dimethyl-2-propenyl)-1,4,5-trihydroxy-9H-xanthen-9-one	364825	Click to see	312.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00431-X https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00391-X
2,5-Dihydroxy-1-methoxy-4-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)xanthen-9-one	15489701	Click to see CC(C)(C=C)C1=CC(=C(C2=C1OC3=C(C2=O)C=CC=C3O)OC)O	326.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.5012/BKCS.2010.31.11.3418
2,5,6-Trihydroxy-1-methoxy-4-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)xanthen-9-one	9916415	Click to see	342.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.5012/BKCS.2010.31.11.3418
3,4,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-[(2S)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl]xanthen-9-one	162869359	Click to see CC1=CC(OC1=O)C2=CC(=C(C3=C2C(=O)C4=C(C=C(C=C4O3)O)O)O)O	356.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.201000287
3,6,7,11-Tetrahydroxy-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-9-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-b]xanthen-5-one	163042386	Click to see	428.40	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259097/
Alloathyriol	44575387	Click to see	274.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
Garciniaxanthone H	10065952	Click to see CC(C)(C=C)C1=CC(=C(C2=C1OC3=C(C=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)OC)O	342.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.5012/BKCS.2010.31.11.3418
Globuxanthone	60148490	Click to see CC(C)(C=C)C1=CC(=C(C2=C1OC3=C(C2=O)C=CC=C3O)O)O	312.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.5012/BKCS.2010.31.11.3418
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones / 2-prenylated xanthones
1,2,6-Trihydroxy-5-methoxy-7-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)xanthone	10042990	Click to see	342.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00431-X
6,11-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)pyrano[2,3-c]xanthen-7-one	493305	Click to see	378.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.5012/BKCS.2010.31.11.3418
7-(3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)-1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthen-9-one	162952995	Click to see	396.40	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259097/
7-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl]-1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthen-9-one	145964319	Click to see	396.40	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259097/
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones / 4-prenylated xanthones
5,10-Dihydroxy-12-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2,2-dimethylpyrano[3,2-b]xanthen-6-one	163083448	Click to see	394.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/MRC.2317
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones / 8-prenylated xanthones
(2S)-2,6,10,11-tetrahydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-8,9-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1,2-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]xanthen-7-one	162866570	Click to see	480.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.5012/BKCS.2010.31.11.3418
(2S)-5,9,10-trihydroxy-7-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1,2-dihydrofuro[2,3-c]xanthen-6-one	162984817	Click to see	498.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259097/
1,3,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-4,7,8-tri(3-methyl-2-butenyl)xanthone	10389717	Click to see CC(=CCC1=C2C(=C(C=C1O)O)C(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C(=C3CC=C(C)C)CC=C(C)C)O)O)C	464.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.51.1332
1,3,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-8-prenyl xanthone	129738050	Click to see CC(=CCC1=CC(=C(C2=C1C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O)C	328.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/MRC.2317
1,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-7,8-diprenylxanthone	10092134	Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C(=C(C2=C1C(=O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3O2)O)O)O)O)CC=C(C)C)C	396.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00431-X
3,4,6,8-Tetrahydroxy-1-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)xanthen-9-one	162893461	Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C2=C(C(=C1O)O)OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)CCC(C)(C)O)C	414.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/MRC.2317
3,4,6,8-Tetrahydroxy-5-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-1,2-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)xanthen-9-one	162897839	Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C(=C(C2=C1C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C(=C3O2)CCC(C)(C)O)O)O)O)O)CC=C(C)C)C	482.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.5012/BKCS.2010.31.11.3418
5,9,10-Trihydroxy-7-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1,2-dihydrofuro[2,3-c]xanthen-6-one	162984816	Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C2=C(C(=C1O)O)OC3=C(C2=O)C(=CC4=C3CC(O4)C(C)(C)O)O)CCC(C)(C)O)C	498.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259097/
5,9,10-Trihydroxy-7-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)furo[2,3-c]xanthen-6-one	162937039	Click to see	438.50	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259097/
6,10,11-Trihydroxy-8-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-3,3-dimethyl-9-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)pyrano[2,3-c]xanthen-7-one	162921236	Click to see	480.50	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259097/
9H-Xanthen-9-one, 2-[(2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl]-3,4,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-	85148197	Click to see	464.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.51.1332
Garciniaxanthone E	10457167	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCC1=C(C2=C(C(=C1O)O)OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)CC=C(C)C)C)C	464.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.51.1332
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones / Pyranoxanthones
6-Deoxyisojacareubin	5464641	Click to see	310.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.5012/BKCS.2010.31.11.3418
6-Deoxyjacareubin	5281629	Click to see	310.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.5012/BKCS.2010.31.11.3418
7,10-Dihydroxy-12-methoxy-2,2-dimethylpyrano[3,2-b]xanthen-6-one	162996923	Click to see	340.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/MRC.2317
7,8,12-Trihydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-10-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)pyrano[3,2-b]xanthen-6-one	101022947	Click to see	394.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.5012/BKCS.2010.31.11.3418
8,11-Dihydroxy-2,2-dimethylpyrano[3,2-c]xanthen-7-one	163028320	Click to see	310.30	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259097/
Atroviridin	11267348	Click to see	326.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.5012/BKCS.2010.31.11.3418
Garcinexanthone A	91885101	Click to see CC1(CCC2=CC3=C(C(=C2O1)OC)OC4=C(C=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C	342.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/MRC.2317
Pyranojacareubin	15307925	Click to see	392.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.5012/BKCS.2010.31.11.3418
Toxyloxanthone B	14886044	Click to see	326.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.5012/BKCS.2010.31.11.3418
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxolanes
(1S,3R,4S,6S,7S,9S)-4-bromo-6-chloro-3-ethyl-9-[(E)-pent-2-en-4-ynyl]-2,8-dioxabicyclo[5.2.1]decane	90475817	Click to see	347.67	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
Cinnamamide, p-hydroxy-N-(p-hydroxyphenethyl)-	89322	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CCNC(=O)C=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O	283.32	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
(+)-Morelloflavone	12110448	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)C4=C(C=C(C5=C4OC(=CC5=O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O)O	556.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
(+)-Volkensiflavone	23844069	Click to see	540.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-8-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol	73822571	Click to see	1155.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
2",3"-Dihydroamentoflavone	14160646	Click to see	540.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.10.016
8-[(2S,3R)-5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-chroman-3-YL]-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	5480834	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)C4=C(C=C(C5=C4OC(=CC5=O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O	540.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
8-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-3-yl]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	11968471	Click to see	718.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
Agathisflavone	5281599	Click to see	538.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2008-1075273
Amentoflavone	5281600	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C4=C(C=CC(=C4)C5=CC(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)O)O)O)O	538.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
Biapigenin	10414856	Click to see	538.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
CID 101973939	101973939	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)C4=C(C=C(C5=C4OC(=CC5=O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O	718.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)98703-9
Fukugeside	101560895	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)C4=C(C=C(C5=C4OC(=CC5=O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O	718.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
Fukugetin	5319895	Click to see	556.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
Fukugiside	73157060	Click to see	718.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)98703-9
Sequoiaflavone	5484010	Click to see	552.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2008-1075273
Talbotaflavone	5315272	Click to see	540.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
Xanthochymusside	101324769	Click to see C1C(OC2=C(C1=O)C(=CC(=C2C3C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O)C7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)O	720.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)98703-9
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one	154497677	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
Vitexin	5280441	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2008-1075273
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 6-O-methylated flavonoids
6-Hydroxyluteolin 6,3'-dimethyl ether 7,4'-disulfate	13845923	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OS(=O)(=O)O)OC)O)OS(=O)(=O)O	490.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497595
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 3-prenylated chalcones
5'-Prenylxanthohumol	23250008	Click to see	422.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/MRC.2317

Gallery Top

We don't have an image yet. Upload an image!

Contributors Top

No known contributors. Be the first!

Collections Top

In private collections	0
In public collections	0

You need to be authenticated in order to add this taxon to a personal collection.

Garcinia xanthochymus

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top