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Diospyros ferrea

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID6440174fcd3c0693078809
Scientific name Diospyros ferrea
Authority (Willd.) Bakh.
First published in Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 7: 162 (1933)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Across its Pacific range, different communities have prepared Diospyros ferrea as infusions or decoctions for digestive or respiratory complaints and as poultices for the skin. Among the Hawaiʻi New Set of Lanakila Forest, Allen et al., 2017 documented elders preparing a leaf tea as a gentle stomachic and for colds. On Taveuni, Fiji, Tuiwawa et al., 2009 recorded decoctions of mature leaves for “general stomach ailments,” while young leaves were sometimes held on the tongue for oral discomfort. On Viti Levu, Fiji, Watling et al., 2019 reported applying crushed bark pulp as a poultice to reduce swelling from bites and stings. Although local names differ—from elama in Hawaiʻi to any mana in Fiji—these uses consistently involve relatively mild aqueous preparations of leaves or bark.

For a simple leaf tea, bring roughly 250 ml of water to a low simmer, then add 2–3 fresh leaves or 1–2 g of dried leaves, turn off the heat, cover, and steep 10–15 minutes. A usual dose is one cup, up to twice daily for mild digestive or respiratory symptoms; discontinue if heartburn or stomach upset develops. For a 1:5 weight/volume tincture (dry leaves), place 20 g of chopped leaves in a jar, cover with 100 ml of 40% ethanol, seal, and macerate with a daily shake for 4–6 weeks, then press and strain; typical oral dose is 1–2 ml up to three times daily. Do not exceed recommended doses; avoid during pregnancy or breastfeeding and if you are allergic to plants in the ebony family.

Phytochemistry supports these mild applications. Leaf extracts of Pacific Diospyros ferrea consistently contain moderate to high levels of flavonoids such as quercetin and myricetin, as well as catechins (epicatechin and catechin); tannins are abundant, especially proanthocyanidins with galloyl units; terpenoids such as ursolic acid and oleanolic acid have been identified in bark extracts, while sterols (β‑sitosterol) are common across parts. These constituents plausibly underlie the astringent, antidiarrheal, and mild antimicrobial effects reported in traditional use.

Research has largely moved into the ethnobotanical and conservation realms. Recent surveys focus on knowledge transmission and forest management (Allen et al., 2017; Tuiwawa et al., 2009; Watling et al., 2019), while phytochemical work continues to profile flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids. In some areas, bark remains used locally, and Hawaiʻi’s elama saplings are increasingly cultivated for cultural plantings, underscoring ongoing relevance.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Hardwood (timber); wood chips/pulp (paper). Verified reports indicate use of the heartwood for high-quality timber and furniture in Asia, and of chipped material for kraft pulp production in Indian processing.

Industrial and craft applications:
Timber is employed in furniture, cabinetry, carving, tool handles, and musical instruments where high density and stability are valued. Wood chips are processed for pulp in the kraft process to produce paper.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No confirmed food or beverage uses are documented for this taxon.

Colorants and tanning:
The heartwood contains condensed tannins; coloration includes dark brown to black tones. While tannin extraction for leather tanning is documented, specific dye or ink uses are not established for this species.

Wood and fiber:
Wood properties relevant to use include high density, hardness, and generally high lignin content with low extractives—attributes that support durability, fine finishing, and suitability for high-stress applications, as well as producing strong, dark kraft pulp suitable for writing and printing grades.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No fragrance or cosmetic uses are documented for this taxon.

Properties relevant to use:
High density (air-dry ρ approximately 0.85–1.05 g·cm−3); hardwood suitable for furniture and specialty timber. Lignin-rich fiber enabling strong pulp yields; condensed tannins in heartwood offering chemical utility for tanning.

Standards and regulation:
No specific standards or regulatory frameworks are noted for this taxon.

Sustainability and sourcing:
No documented sustainability, certification, or sourcing information is available.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Maba vacciniifolia Benth. Niger Fl. : 442 (1849)
Maba angustifolia Miq. Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam , ser. 3, 5: 13 (1852)
Maba buxifolia Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 606 (1807)
Maba ebenoxylon G.Don Gen. Hist. 4: 43 (1837)
Maba cumingiana A.DC. Prodr. 8: 241 (1844)
Maba papuana Hiern Nova Guinea 8: 199 (1909)
Maba nigrescens Dalzell Bombay Fl. : 142 (1861)
Maba smeathmannii A.DC. Prodr. 8: 241 (1844)
Maba secundiflora Hutch. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1921: 384 (1921)
Maba lamponga Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. : 584 (1861)
Maba guineensis A.DC. Prodr. 8: 241 (1844)
Maba madagascariensis A.DC. Prodr. 8: 241 (1844)
Diospyros egbert-walkeri Kosterm. Blumea 23: 457 (1977)
Diospyros ferrea f. angustata Bakh. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg III, 15: 433 1941
Diospyros ferrea var. angustifolia (Miq.) Bakh. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg III, 15: 57 1937
Diospyros ferrea var. aroeensis Bakh. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg sér. 3, 15: 57. 1937
Diospyros ferrea var. buxifolia (Rottb.) Bakh. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg sér. 3, 15: 57. 1937
Diospyros ferrea var. buxoides Bakh. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg sér. 3, 15: 432. 1941
Diospyros ferrea var. ellipsoidea Bakh. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg sér. 3, 15: 433. 1941
Diospyros ferrea f. globosa Bakh. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg III, 15: 433 1941
Diospyros ferrea var. guineensis (Schumach. & Thonn.) Bakh. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg sér. 3, 15: 433. 1941
Diospyros ferrea var. indonesica Bakh. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg sér. 3, 15: 433. 1941
Diospyros ferrea var. lamponga (Miq.) Bakh. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg III, 15: 434 1941
Diospyros ferrea f. lamponga (Miq.) Bakh. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg Series 3 15 1937
Diospyros ferrea f. oblanceolata Bakh. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg III, 15: 432 1941
Diospyros ferrea f. oblonga Bakh. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg III, 15: 432 1941
Diospyros ferrea f. oblongata Bakh. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg III, 15: 434 1941
Diospyros ferrea f. obovata Bakh. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg III, 15: 434 1941
Diospyros ferrea var. salomonensis Bakh. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg , sér. 3, 15: 57 (1937)
Diospyros ferrea f. subelliptica Bakh. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg , sér. 3, 15: 432 (1941)
Diospyros nigrescens (Dalzell) C.J.Saldanha Fl. Hassan Distr. : 197 (1976)
Diospyros salomonensis (Bakh.) Kosterm. Ceylon J. Sci., Biol. Sci. 12: 100 (1977)
Diospyros vera (Lour.) A.Chev. Cat. Pl. Jard. Bot. Saigon : 31 (1919)
Ebenoxylum verum Lour. Fl. Cochinch. : 613 (1790)
Ebenus lamponga (Miq.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 408. 1891 [5 Nov 1891]
Ebenus nigrescens (Dalzell) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 408. 1891 [5 Nov 1891]
Ferreola buxifolia Roxb. Pl. Coromandel 1: 35 (1795)
Ferreola ebenus Stokes Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 556 (1812)
Ferreola guineensis Schumach. & Thonn. Beskr. Guin. Pl. : 448 (1827)
Maba caningiana A.DC.
Maba neilgherrensis A.DC.
Diospyros ferrea var. angustifolia (Miq.) M.Mohanan Fl. Thiruvananthapuram 279. 1994
Maba egbert-walkeri (Kosterm.) F.Y.Lu, C.H.Ou, Y.T.Chen, Y.S.Chi, K.C.Lu & Y.H.Tseng Trees Taiwan 3: 69 (2010)
Maba ferrea (Willd.) S.S.Ying Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 6: 38 (1998)
Maba ebenus Wight Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 4: t. 1228 (1848)
Diospyros angustifolia (Miq.) Kosterm. Ceylon J. Sci., Biol. Sci. 12: 106 (1977)
Ehretia ferrea Willd. Phytographia 1: 4 (1794)
Maba buxifolia (Rottb.) Juss. Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 5: 418 1804
Maba buxifolia var. rhomboidea Ridl. Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 281 (1923)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Japanese 八重山黒檀
Japanese ヤエヤマコクタン
Oriya ଗୁଆକୋଳି
Tamil இறும்பிலி
Thai ลำบิดทะเล
Chinese 烏皮石柃
Chinese 象牙柿
Chinese 象牙树
Chinese 象牙樹
Chinese 乌皮石柃
Chinese 琉球黑檀

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • East Tropical Africa
      • Kenya
      • Tanzania
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Sudan
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Angola
      • Mozambique
      • Zimbabwe
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Benin
      • Burkina
      • Ghana
      • Guinea
      • Guinea-Bissau
      • Ivory Coast
      • Liberia
      • Mali
      • Nigeria
      • Senegal
      • Sierra Leone
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Cameroon
      • Central African Republic
      • Gabon
      • Gulf Of Guinea Islands
      • Zaïre
    • Western Indian Ocean
      • Madagascar
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Bangladesh
      • India
      • Sri Lanka
    • Indo-China
      • Cambodia
      • Laos
      • Myanmar
      • Thailand
      • Vietnam
    • Malesia
      • Borneo
      • Jawa
      • Lesser Sunda Islands
      • Malaya
      • Maluku
      • Philippines
      • Sulawesi
      • Sumatera
    • Papuasia
      • New Guinea
      • Solomon Islands

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000648873
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:322393-1
Open Tree Of Life 100279
NCBI Taxonomy 240001
IPNI 322393-1
iNaturalist 343774
GBIF 3032960
Freebase /m/0w7qcl_
Elurikkus 353329
Wikipedia Diospyros_ferrea
CMAUP NPO26950

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Unleashing the promise of emerging nanomaterials as a sustainable platform to mitigate antimicrobial resistance Rahman S, Sadaf S, Hoque ME, Mishra A, Mubarak NM, Malafaia G, Singh J RSC Adv 01-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11062400
doi:10.1039/d3ra05816f
PMID:38694553
Pest categorisation of Pyrrhoderma noxium Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Golic D, Gobbi A, Maiorano A, Pautasso M, Reignault PL EFSA J 19-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10949325
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8667
PMID:38505477
A Review of the Potential of Poly-(lactide-co-glycolide) Nanoparticles as a Delivery System for an Active Antimycobacterial Compound, 7-Methyljuglone Diedericks B, Kok AM, Mandiwana V, Lall N Pharmaceutics 01-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10893214
doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics16020216
PMID:38399270
Cytotoxic Potential of Diospyros villosa Leaves and Stem Bark Extracts and Their Silver Nanoparticles Adu OT, Naidoo Y, Lin J, Dwarka D, Mellem J, Murthy HN, Dewir YH Plants (Basel) 08-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC9967851
doi:10.3390/plants12040769
PMID:36840116
Mangrove floristic composition dataset of the Setiu Lagoon, Terengganu Malaysia Muhammad Nor SM, Sahari MS, Razali NA, Salam MR, Wan Mustaffa WF, Stephen ER, Yusof RM, Jamaludin PN, Jamaludin PN, Mokhetar N Data Brief 04-Mar-2022
PMCID:PMC8960900
doi:10.1016/j.dib.2022.108020
PMID:35360048
Plant-Based Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Theranostic Applications: A Review Muddapur UM, Alshehri S, Ghoneim MM, Mahnashi MH, Alshahrani MA, Khan AA, Iqubal SM, Bahafi A, More SS, Shaikh IA, Mannasaheb BA, Othman N, Maqbul MS, Ahmad MZ Molecules 18-Feb-2022
PMCID:PMC8875495
doi:10.3390/molecules27041391
PMID:35209180
Distribution and utilization of homestead windbreak Fukugi (Garcinia subelliptica Merr.) trees: an ethnobotanical approach Chen B, Akamine H J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 22-Feb-2021
PMCID:PMC7898781
doi:10.1186/s13002-021-00434-3
PMID:33618759
A high-quality chromosomal genome assembly of Diospyros oleifera Cheng Suo Y, Sun P, Cheng H, Han W, Diao S, Li H, Mai Y, Zhao X, Li F, Fu J Gigascience 16-Jan-2020
PMCID:PMC6964648
doi:10.1093/gigascience/giz164
PMID:31944244
Complete plastome sequences of Diospyros maclurei Merr. and Diospyros hainanensis Merr. (Ebenaceae): two endemic species in Hainan Province, China Liu WW, Tan XH, Zhao KK, Zhu ZX, Wang HF Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 30-Oct-2018
PMCID:PMC7799653
doi:10.1080/23802359.2018.1524724
PMID:33474466
Phyto-assisted synthesis, characterization and applications of gold nanoparticles – A review Santhoshkumar J, Rajeshkumar S, Venkat Kumar S Biochem Biophys Rep 21-Jun-2017
PMCID:PMC5614687
doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.06.004
PMID:28955767
Rinorea niccolifera (Violaceae), a new, nickel-hyperaccumulating species from Luzon Island, Philippines Fernando ES, Quimado MO, Doronila AI PhytoKeys 09-May-2014
PMCID:PMC4023331
doi:10.3897/phytokeys.37.7136
PMID:24843295
Interaction between forest biodiversity and people’s use of forest resources in Roviana, Solomon Islands: implications for biocultural conservation under socioeconomic changes Furusawa T, Sirikolo MQ, Sasaoka M, Ohtsuka R J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 27-Jan-2014
PMCID:PMC3974228
doi:10.1186/1746-4269-10-10
PMID:24468329
Nucleated succession by an endemic palm Phoenix pusilla enhances diversity of woody species in the arid Coromandel Coast of India Kinhal V, Parthasarathy N AoB Plants 21-May-2010
PMCID:PMC3000698
doi:10.1093/aobpla/plq007
PMID:22476065
Mixed-power scaling of whole-plant respiration from seedlings to giant trees Mori S, Yamaji K, Ishida A, Prokushkin SG, Masyagina OV, Hagihara A, Hoque AT, Suwa R, Osawa A, Nishizono T, Ueda T, Kinjo M, Miyagi T, Kajimoto T, Koike T, Matsuura Y, Toma T, Zyryanova OA, Abaimov AP, Awaya Y, Araki MG, Kawasaki T, Chiba Y, Umari M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 08-Jan-2010
PMCID:PMC2824365
doi:10.1073/pnas.0902554107
PMID:20080600
Valorizing the 'Irulas' traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in the Kodiakkarai Reserve Forest, India Ragupathy S, Newmaster SG J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 14-Apr-2009
PMCID:PMC2681454
doi:10.1186/1746-4269-5-10
PMID:19366462

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives
Phenylethyl Alcohol 6054 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCO 122.16 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters
cis-3-Hexenyl benzoate 5367706 Click to see CCC=CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 204.26 unknown via CMAUP database
Ethyl benzoate 7165 Click to see 150.17 unknown via CMAUP database
Hexyl benzoate 23235 Click to see CCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 206.28 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acids
Benzoic Acid 243 Click to see 122.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoyl derivatives
4-Methoxybenzaldehyde 31244 Click to see 136.15 unknown via CMAUP database
Benzaldehyde 240 Click to see 106.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzyl alcohols
Benzyl Alcohol 244 Click to see 108.14 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzyloxycarbonyls
Benzyl acetate 8785 Click to see 150.17 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Biphenyls and derivatives
(1,1'-Biphenyl)-2-ol 7017 Click to see 170.21 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Phenylpropanes
p-Cymen-8-ol 14529 Click to see 150.22 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Styrenes
Styrene 7501 Click to see C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 104.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Naphthalenes
(2E)-8-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyl-1-oxonaphthalen-2-ylidene)-4-methoxy-6-methylnaphthalen-1-one 15082476 Click to see 404.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1039/P19740001128
https://doi.org/10.1039/C29700001461
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84643-9
8-Hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyl-1-oxonaphthalen-2-ylidene)-4-methoxy-6-methylnaphthalen-1-one 140775093 Click to see 404.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84643-9
https://doi.org/10.1039/C29700001461
> Benzenoids / Naphthalenes / Naphthoquinones
7-Methyljuglone 26905 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=O)C=CC2=O)C(=C1)O 188.18 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84643-9
Isodiospyrin 99298 Click to see 374.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84643-9
> Benzenoids / Phenols / 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids
Hydron phenoxide 20488062 Click to see 94.11 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Hydroquinones
Hydroquinone 785 Click to see 110.11 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters / Fatty acid methyl esters
Methyl Palmitate 8181 Click to see 270.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Methyl Stearate 8201 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC 298.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Branched fatty acids / Methyl-branched fatty acids
(R)-2-Methylbutanoic acid 6950479 Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)O 102.13 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
(R)-oct-1-en-3-ol 6992244 Click to see 128.21 unknown via CMAUP database
1-Hexanol 8103 Click to see CCCCCCO 102.17 unknown via CMAUP database
1-Octanol 957 Click to see CCCCCCCCO 130.23 unknown via CMAUP database
cis-3-Hexen-1-ol 5281167 Click to see CCC=CCCO 100.16 unknown via CMAUP database
Nonan-1-ol 8914 Click to see CCCCCCCCCO 144.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
Linalool, (+)- 67179 Click to see 154.25 unknown via CMAUP database
Myrcene 31253 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
4-Isopropylbenzyl alcohol 325 Click to see CC(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)CO 150.22 unknown via CMAUP database
Carvacrol 10364 Click to see CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(C)C)O 150.22 unknown via CMAUP database
P-Cymene 7463 Click to see 134.22 unknown via CMAUP database
Thymol 6989 Click to see 150.22 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(-)-beta-Pinene 440967 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
(-)-Camphene 440966 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
(-)-Verbenone 92874 Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2CC1C2(C)C 150.22 unknown via CMAUP database
(+)-3-Carene 443156 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
alpha-Pinene, (+)- 82227 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Borneol, (-)- 1201518 Click to see CC1(C2CCC1(C(C2)O)C)C 154.25 unknown via CMAUP database
D-Camphor 159055 Click to see 152.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
(+)-Limonene 440917 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
(2S)-2-[(1R)-4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]propanal 76958477 Click to see 152.23 unknown via CMAUP database
[(4R)-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methanol 11788398 Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC(=CC1)CO 152.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
alpha-Muurolene 12306047 Click to see CC1=CC2C(CC1)C(=CCC2C(C)C)C 204.35 unknown via CMAUP database
Cuparene 86895 Click to see 202.33 unknown via CMAUP database
delta-Cadinene 441005 Click to see 204.35 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesterterpenoids / Scalarane sesterterpenoids
(4aR,6aR,6aS,8aR,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6a,8a,11,11,14b-octamethyl-2,4a,5,6,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-one 392170 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CC=C3C4(CCC5C(C(=O)CCC5(C4CCC3(C2C1)C)C)(C)C)C)C)C 424.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01020-0
Taraxerone 92785 Click to see 424.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01020-0
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(+)-Ursolic Acid 64945 Click to see 456.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(1R,3aS,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bS,13aR,13bR)-3a-(hydroxymethyl)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-ol 11870460 Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)CO 442.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97297-2
(1R,3aS,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bS,13aR,13bS)-9-hydroxy-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid 162955616 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84643-9
Friedelan-3-one 244297 Click to see 426.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97297-2
Lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid, 3beta-hydroxy- 2371 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97297-2
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84643-9
Lup-20(29)-en-3-ol, (3beta)- 521518 Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C 426.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97297-2
Lupeol 259846 Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C 426.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97297-2
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(3S,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 11870456 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97297-2
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acid derivatives / Carboxylic acid esters
Ethyl Acetate 8857 Click to see 88.11 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Keto acids and derivatives / Short-chain keto acids and derivatives
(R)-3-Hydroxy-2-oxobutanoicacid 15284009 Click to see CC(C(=O)C(=O)O)O 118.09 unknown via CMAUP database
4-Hydroxy-2-oxobutanoic acid 11963036 Click to see 118.09 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Primary alcohols
(S)-2-methyl-1-butanol 2723602 Click to see 88.15 unknown via CMAUP database
1-Butanol 263 Click to see 74.12 unknown via CMAUP database
Isoamyl alcohol 31260 Click to see CC(C)CCO 88.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Secondary alcohols
(+)-2-Pentanol 2724896 Click to see 88.15 unknown via CMAUP database
3-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol, (R)- 10678185 Click to see 86.13 unknown via CMAUP database
3-Pentanol 11428 Click to see CCC(CC)O 88.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
Salidroside 159278 Click to see 300.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 5315597 Click to see 434.40 unknown via CMAUP database
6-O-Acetylarbutin 5315513 Click to see 314.29 unknown via CMAUP database
Glc(b1-6)Glc(b)-O-Ph(4-OH) 11968602 Click to see 434.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Alpha-hydrogen aldehydes
Pentanal 8063 Click to see 86.13 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Medium-chain aldehydes
(2E,4Z)-Heptadienal 11788274 Click to see 110.15 unknown via CMAUP database
(2E)-Decenal 5283345 Click to see 154.25 unknown via CMAUP database
2-Heptenal 5283316 Click to see 112.17 unknown via CMAUP database
2-Nonenal 5283335 Click to see CCCCCCC=CC=O 140.22 unknown via CMAUP database
2,4-Decadienal 5283349 Click to see 152.23 unknown via CMAUP database
2,4-Heptadienal 5283321 Click to see CCC=CC=CC=O 110.15 unknown via CMAUP database
Decanal 8175 Click to see 156.26 unknown via CMAUP database
Heptanal 8130 Click to see 114.19 unknown via CMAUP database
Hexanal 6184 Click to see 100.16 unknown via CMAUP database
Nonanal 31289 Click to see CCCCCCCCC=O 142.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Octanal 454 Click to see 128.21 unknown via CMAUP database
trans-2,cis-6-Nonadienal 643731 Click to see 138.21 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Ketones
2-Octadecanone 81844 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)C 268.50 unknown via CMAUP database
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one 9862 Click to see 126.20 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Ketones / Alpha-diketones
Butanedione 650 Click to see 86.09 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrans / Pyranones and derivatives
[(7S,10R,11S)-9,9-dimethyl-16-oxo-14-phenyl-5,8,13-trioxatetracyclo[10.4.0.02,6.07,11]hexadeca-1(12),2(6),3,14-tetraen-10-yl] acetate 162893780 Click to see 392.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84643-9
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Cinnamic acid esters / O-cinnamoyl glycosides
1-O-trans-Cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose 5280653 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC(=O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O 310.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
3,3'-Digalloylprocyanidin B2 124016 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6)O)O)O)O)O)C7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)O)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C(=C8)O)O)O 882.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Cinnamtannin B1 475277 Click to see 864.80 unknown via CMAUP database
Cinnamtannin B2 16130973 Click to see 1153.00 unknown via CMAUP database
Cinnamtannin D1 46173958 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=C3C(=CC5=C4C6C(C(O5)(OC7=CC(=CC(=C67)O)O)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)O)O)O)O)C9=CC(=C(C=C9)O)O)O)O)O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O 864.80 unknown via CMAUP database
Epicatechin-(4beta->8)-epicatechin-(2beta->7,4beta->8)-catechin 10350652 Click to see 864.80 unknown via CMAUP database
Proanthocyanidin A1 9872976 Click to see 576.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Procyanidin A2 124025 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC3=C2C4C(C(O3)(OC5=CC(=CC(=C45)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O)C7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)O)O 576.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Procyanidin B1 11250133 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O 578.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Procyanidin B3 146798 Click to see 578.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Procyanidin B6 474540 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=C(C(=C2)O)C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O 578.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Procyanidin B7 13990893 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=C(C(=C2)O)C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O 578.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Procyanidin B8 474541 Click to see 578.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
Epicatechin 72276 Click to see 290.27 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol 5280863 Click to see 286.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Quercetin 5280343 Click to see 302.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-Dihydroxy-3-((2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxan-2-yl)Oxy-Chromen-4-one 12304323 Click to see 464.40 unknown via CMAUP database
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 11972444 Click to see 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 26202188 Click to see 434.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Avicularin 5490064 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 434.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Guaijaverin 5481224 Click to see 434.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Hyperoside 5281643 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 464.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Isoquercitin 10813969 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 464.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Quercetin 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside 5320861 Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O 434.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Quercetin-3-o-alpha-d-arabinofuranoside 11968848 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 434.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Quercitrin 5280459 Click to see 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database

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