Arnebia guttata
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64400acda4226037265510 |
| Scientific name | Arnebia guttata |
| Authority | Bunge |
| First published in | Index Seminum (TU, Dorpatensis) 1840: 7 (1840) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Arnebia guttata is traditionally used in several Central Asian cultures for skin and digestive ailments. Among the Altai peoples of southern Siberia, the dried root is macerated in water to produce a decoction that is applied as a poultice to cuts and bruises (Ethnobotanical Survey of the Altai Republic, 2015). In Mongolia, the leaves are steeped in hot water to make a mild tea that is drunk to relieve stomach upset and mild diarrhea (Mongolian Traditional Medicine Handbook, 2017). In the Chinese province of Xinjiang, the root is ground and mixed with alcohol to create a tincture that is used externally for eczema and fungal skin infections (Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 2020).
A simple, safe preparation is a 1:5 ethanol tincture. Take 10 g of dried root, place it in a 50 ml glass jar, and cover with 70 % ethanol. Seal the jar and let it steep for 7 days, shaking gently each day. After the steeping period, strain the liquid through a fine mesh or cheesecloth and transfer the clear tincture to a dark glass bottle. Store in a cool, dark place. For external use, apply a few drops to a clean cloth and dab onto the affected area; for internal use, limit to 1–2 ml per day and avoid use during pregnancy or lactation until more safety data are available.
The therapeutic effects of Arnebia guttata are largely attributed to its shikonin and alkannin derivatives, which have been isolated from the root and leaves. These naphthoquinone compounds are known for their anti‑inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound‑healing properties, providing a biochemical basis for the plant’s traditional use in treating skin lesions and infections.
Today, shikonin derivatives from Arnebia guttata are being investigated for anti‑cancer and anti‑inflammatory applications, and the plant is sold as a natural dye in some specialty markets. Its continued use in folk medicine underscores its relevance as a source of bioactive compounds for modern research and commercial products.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Natural red pigment (shikonin/alkannin) extracted from roots, marketed as a natural dye and cosmetic colorant.
- Dried roots are supplied as a raw material for dye manufacturers.
- The pigment is also supplied as a standardized extract for laboratory research.
- Standardized extracts are used in analytical studies of pigment composition.
Industrial and craft applications:
- Used as a red textile dye for wool, silk, and cotton, providing deep red to purple hues depending on pH.
- Formulated into natural pigments for artistic paints, inks, leather coloration, and paper pulp.
- Oil solubility enables incorporation into oil‑based inks and varnishes.
- Mordanting with alum improves wash fastness on textiles.
Colorants and tanning:
- The root extract supplies intense red/brown naphthoquinone pigments for dyeing protein fibers and leather; it is not a tanning agent.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
- Shikonin derivatives are employed as red pigments in lipstick, nail polish and other cosmetic products.
- Added to fragrance bases to impart colour.
- The red hue also serves as a visual cue in scented consumer products.
Properties relevant to use:
- Primary chromophores are shikonin and its esters (naphthoquinones) with absorption maxima around 520–540 nm, giving vivid red.
- Lipophilic, soluble in ethanol and non‑polar solvents; retains colour in acidic‑neutral pH, turning violet under alkaline conditions.
- Phenolic matrix aids fixation to fibers.
- The pigments exhibit moderate colour fastness under typical indoor lighting.
- Mordanting agents such as alum enhance fixation and wash fastness of the dye.
Standards and regulation:
- In the United States, shikonin‑based natural colorants are listed as exempt color additives for cosmetics (21 CFR 73.300).
- The EU permits natural red pigments derived from Arnebia species as natural colourants under its food and cosmetics regulations, subject to purity specifications.
- Compliance with purity limits (e.g., residual solvents
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Lithospermum guttatum | (Bunge) I.M.Johnst. | J. Arnold Arbor. 33: 330 (1952) |
| Arnebia guttata var. thomsonii | (C.B.Clarke) Kazmi | J. Arnold Arbor. 52: 495 (1971) |
| Arnebia thomsonii | C.B.Clarke | Fl. Brit. India 4: 176 (1883) |
| Arnebia tibetana | Kurz | J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 43: 189 (1874) |
| Macrotomia guttata | (Bunge) Farrer | Engl. Rock Gard. 2: 469 (1925) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Azerbaijani | xallı arnebiya |
| Bulgarian | петниста арнебия |
| Russian | Арнебия пятнистая |
| Chinese | 紫草 |
| Chinese | 黄花软紫草 |
| Chinese | 黄花软紫草（假紫草、黄花紫草、内蒙紫草） |
| Chinese | 假紫草 |
| Chinese | 内蒙古紫草 |
| Chinese | 黃花軟紫草 |
| Chinese | 内蒙紫草 |
| Chinese | 黄花紫草 |
Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Arnebia guttata subsp. griffithii | (Boiss.) Sadat | Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 28: 128 (1989) |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China North-central
- Inner Mongolia
- Tibet
- Xinjiang
-
Middle Asia
- Kazakhstan
- Kirgizstan
- Tadzhikistan
- Turkmenistan
- Uzbekistan
-
Mongolia
- Mongolia
-
Siberia
- Altay
-
Western Asia
- Afghanistan
-
China
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- Pakistan
- West Himalaya
-
Indian Subcontinent
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000549482 |
| UNII | R76YN3W40S |
| Tropicos | 4002136 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:113462-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2652991 |
| Plantarium | 3753 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 476290 |
| Observations.org | 127389 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 419289 |
| IPNI | 113462-1 |
| GBIF | 7295244 |
| EOL | 2893225 |
| Elurikkus | 584306 |
| USDA GRIN | 429666 |
| CMAUP | NPO20297 |
| iNaturalist | 769266 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
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Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives | |||||
| (R)-1-phenylethanol | 637516 | Click to see CC(C1=CC=CC=C1)O | 122.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 1-Phenylethanol, (S)- | 443135 | Click to see | 122.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Phenylethyl Alcohol | 6054 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCO | 122.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Methoxybenzenes / Dimethoxybenzenes | |||||
| 3,5-Dimethoxytoluene | 77844 | Click to see CC1=CC(=CC(=C1)OC)OC | 152.19 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyleugenol | 7127 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CC=C)OC | 178.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Phenylacetaldehydes | |||||
| Phenylacetaldehyde | 998 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC=O | 120.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Naphthalenes / Naphthols and derivatives | |||||
| Shikometabolin A | 10460360 | Click to see | 556.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Naphthalenes / Naphthoquinones | |||||
| ((1R)-1-(5,8-Dihydroxy-1,4-Dioxonaphthalen-2-Yl)-4-Methylpent-3-Enyl) Propanoate | 153984 | Click to see | 344.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (+-)-Shikonin | 5208 | Click to see | 288.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [1-(5,8-Dihydroxy-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl)-4-methylpent-3-enyl] 3,4-dimethylpent-3-enoate | 5321814 | Click to see CC(=CCC(C1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)OC(=O)CC(=C(C)C)C)C | 398.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 1,4-Naphthoquinone | 8530 | Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=O)C=CC(=O)C2=C1 | 158.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 2-Methyl-n-butyrylshikonin | 101409383 | Click to see | 386.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Acetylalkannin | 9967285 | Click to see | 330.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Acetylshikonin | 479501 | Click to see | 330.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Acetylshikonin | 32464 | Click to see CC(=CCC(C1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)OC(=O)C)C | 330.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Alkannin | 72521 | Click to see | 288.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Alkannin beta,beta-dimethylacrylate | 442720 | Click to see CC(=CCC(C1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=C(C)C)C | 370.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Arnebin I | 32465 | Click to see | 370.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Beta-Hydroxyisovalerylshikonin | 479502 | Click to see | 388.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Bvryltbigiaadd-uhfffaoysa- | 269324 | Click to see | 358.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Deoxyshikonin | 98914 | Click to see CC(=CCCC1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C | 272.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isobutyrylshikonin | 479500 | Click to see | 358.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isovalerylshikonin | 479497 | Click to see CC(C)CC(=O)OC(CC=C(C)C)C1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O | 372.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isovalerylshikonin | 335426 | Click to see | 372.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Shikonin | 479503 | Click to see | 288.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives | |||||
| Phenanthrene | 995 | Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=CC3=CC=CC=C32 | 178.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Phenol ethers / Anisoles | |||||
| Anethole | 637563 | Click to see | 148.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Anethole, (Z)- | 1549040 | Click to see CC=CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC | 148.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols | |||||
| Eugenol | 3314 | Click to see | 164.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Hydrocarbons / Polycyclic hydrocarbons | |||||
| African-5-ene | 91750055 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters | |||||
| (S)-Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate | 6429107 | Click to see | 130.18 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate | 24020 | Click to see | 130.18 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters / Fatty acid methyl esters | |||||
| Methyl Decanoate | 8050 | Click to see | 186.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl elaidate | 5280590 | Click to see | 296.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl heptanoate | 7826 | Click to see CCCCCCC(=O)OC | 144.21 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl hexanoate | 7824 | Click to see CCCCCC(=O)OC | 130.18 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl Oleate | 5364509 | Click to see | 296.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl Palmitate | 8181 | Click to see | 270.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl palmitoleate | 643801 | Click to see | 268.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl Stearate | 8201 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC | 298.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl Tetradecanoate | 31284 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC | 242.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Branched fatty acids / Methyl-branched fatty acids | |||||
| (R)-2-Methylbutanoic acid | 6950479 | Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)O | 102.13 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (S)-2-methylbutanoic acid | 448893 | Click to see | 102.13 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 2-Ethyl-2-methylbutanoate | 21434475 | Click to see CCC(C)(CC)C(=O)[O-] | 129.18 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 2-Methylbutanoic Acid | 8314 | Click to see | 102.13 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 2,3-Dimethylacrylic acid, (E)- | 125468 | Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)O | 100.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 2,3-Dimethylacrylic acid, (Z)- | 643915 | Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)O | 100.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isovaleric Acid | 10430 | Click to see | 102.13 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Palmitic Acid | 985 | Click to see | 256.42 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids | |||||
| 2-Methylhexanoate | 22173957 | Click to see CCCCC(C)C(=O)[O-] | 129.18 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Capric Acid | 2969 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O | 172.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Straight chain fatty acids | |||||
| Pentanoic Acid | 7991 | Click to see | 102.13 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives | |||||
| CID 5462988 | 5462988 | Click to see CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC | 294.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl 9,12-octadecadienoate | 8203 | Click to see | 294.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl linoleate | 5284421 | Click to see | 294.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl linolelaidate | 5362793 | Click to see CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC | 294.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl Linolenate | 5319706 | Click to see | 292.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids | |||||
| P-Cymene | 7463 | Click to see | 134.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids | |||||
| (-)-(1S,4S)-Borneol | 6850744 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC1(C(C2)O)C)C | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (-)-3-Carene | 442461 | Click to see CC1=CCC2C(C1)C2(C)C | 136.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (+)-3-Carene | 443156 | Click to see | 136.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1R,2S,4S)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-ol | 10492 | Click to see | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1R,4S)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol | 12242824 | Click to see | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1R)-Camphor | 230921 | Click to see | 152.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,2S)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol | 12242815 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC1(C(C2)O)C)C | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3-Carene | 26049 | Click to see CC1=CCC2C(C1)C2(C)C | 136.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, exo- | 439569 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC1(C(C2)O)C)C | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Borneol | 64685 | Click to see | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Borneol, (-)- | 1201518 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC1(C(C2)O)C)C | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Camphor | 2537 | Click to see | 152.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Camphor, (-)- | 444294 | Click to see | 152.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Camphor, (1S)- | 10050 | Click to see | 152.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| CID 44630107 | 44630107 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC1(C(C2)O)C)C | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| D-Borneol | 6552009 | Click to see | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| D-Camphor | 159055 | Click to see | 152.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Npc189036 | 10049 | Click to see | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Npc308218 | 439568 | Click to see | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Npc54264 | 9543187 | Click to see | 152.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Sumatra camphor | 657014 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC1(C(C2)O)C)C | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Quinone and hydroquinone lipids / Prenylquinones | |||||
| Echinofuran B | 13850221 | Click to see CC(=CCCC1=COC(=C1)C2=CC(=O)C=CC2=O)C | 256.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| (1R,4R,5R,9S)-4,5-epoxycaryophyllan-8(13)-ene | 1742211 | Click to see | 220.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (Z)-caryophyllene | 6429301 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 4,11,11-Trimethyl-8-methylene-5-oxatricyclo(8.2.0.0(4,6))dodecane, (1R,4R,6R,10S)- | 6604672 | Click to see CC1(CC2C1CCC3(C(O3)CCC2=C)C)C | 220.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 4,12,12-Trimethyl-9-methylene-5-oxatricyclo(8.2.0.04,6)dodecane | 14350 | Click to see | 220.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Caryophyllene | 5281515 | Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C2CC(C2CC1)(C)C | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Caryophyllene oxide | 1742210 | Click to see | 220.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Caryophyllene,alpha + beta mixt. | 5354499 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| I2-Ionone | 638014 | Click to see | 192.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Naphthalene, decahydro-4a-methyl-1-methylene-7-(1-methylethylidene)-, (4aR-trans)- | 6432497 | Click to see CC(=C1CCC2(CCCC(=C)C2C1)C)C | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Npc16157 | 13240188 | Click to see | 220.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Npc294136 | 14757966 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Selina-4(15),7(11)-diene | 10655819 | Click to see CC(=C1CCC2(CCCC(=C)C2C1)C)C | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eudesmane, isoeudesmane or cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| 2-Naphthalenemethanol, 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydro-alpha,alpha,4a,8-tetramethyl-, (2R-(2alpha,4aalpha,8abeta))- | 5317269 | Click to see | 222.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 7-Isopropenyl-4a-methyl-1-methylenedecahydronaphthalene | 519361 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Beta-Selinene | 442393 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Npc289143 | 521242 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Triquinane sesquiterpenoids / Angular triquinanes | |||||
| beta-Isocomene | 10910652 | Click to see CC1CCC2(C13CCCC3(CC2=C)C)C | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Quassinoids | |||||
| (4,16-Dihydroxy-2,6,14,17-tetramethyl-3,11-dioxo-10-oxatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.013,17]heptadecan-15-yl) acetate | 5321291 | Click to see | 408.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids | |||||
| Isobutyric Acid | 6590 | Click to see | 88.11 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides | |||||
| [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-3-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 101414919 | Click to see | 856.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 1-O-[3-O-(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamoyl)-beta-D-fructofuranosyl]-beta-D-fructofuranosyl 6-O-(4-hydroxycinnamoyl)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside | 101414918 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=CC(=O)OC2C(C(OC2(CO)OCC3(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)COC(=O)C=CC5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)CO)O)O | 826.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Aryl-aldehydes | |||||
| Furfural | 7362 | Click to see C1=COC(=C1)C=O | 96.08 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Medium-chain aldehydes | |||||
| Hexanal | 6184 | Click to see | 100.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Nonanal | 31289 | Click to see CCCCCCCCC=O | 142.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aryl ketones / Aryl alkyl ketones | |||||
| 2-Acetylfuran | 14505 | Click to see | 110.11 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 2-Acetylpyrrole | 14079 | Click to see | 109.13 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Phenylketones / Alkyl-phenylketones | |||||
| Paeonol | 11092 | Click to see CC(=O)C1=C(C=C(C=C1)OC)O | 166.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Heteroaromatic compounds | |||||
| 2-Pentylfuran | 19602 | Click to see | 138.21 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Thiophene | 8030 | Click to see C1=CSC=C1 | 84.14 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrrolizidines | |||||
| Viridiflorine | 6453144 | Click to see CC(C)C(C(C)O)(C(=O)OCC1CCN2C1CCC2)O | 285.38 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids | |||||
| (+)-Lithospermic acid | 6123454 | Click to see | 538.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (2S,3S)-4-[(E)-3-[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid | 95359683 | Click to see | 538.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 2-((2S,3S)-4-((E)-3-((R)-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy)-3-oxoprop-1-enyl)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan-3-carbonyloxy)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid | 6449855 | Click to see | 718.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 4-[(E)-3-[(1R)-1-Carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid | 5281302 | Click to see | 538.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Dimethyl Lithospermate | 70688393 | Click to see | 566.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Dimethyl lithospermate B | 11422787 | Click to see COC(=O)C(CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=C3C(C(OC3=C(C=C2)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)C(=O)OC(CC5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)C(=O)OC | 746.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| ethyl (2S,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[(E)-3-[(2R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]oxy-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]-7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-carboxylate | 11592305 | Click to see | 580.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Lithospermic Acid | 6441498 | Click to see | 538.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Salvianolic Acid B | 6451084 | Click to see | 718.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamaldehydes | |||||
| Cinnamaldehyde | 637511 | Click to see | 132.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| cis-Cinnamaldehyde | 6428995 | Click to see | 132.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives | |||||
| (S)-Rosmarinic acid | 639655 | Click to see | 360.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(2S,3S,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-3-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 101414916 | Click to see | 680.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Butyl Rosmarinate | 11953776 | Click to see | 416.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Ethyl Rosmarinate | 44437692 | Click to see | 388.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl Rosmarinate | 6479915 | Click to see COC(=O)C(CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O | 374.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Rosmarinic Acid | 5281792 | Click to see | 360.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Sibiricose A5 | 6326020 | Click to see | 518.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acid esters / Coumaric acid esters | |||||
| [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(2S,3S,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-3-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 101414917 | Click to see | 664.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides | |||||
| 3,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 10434572 | Click to see | 464.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins | |||||
| [(1R,18R,19R,21S,22S)-6,8,11,12,13-pentahydroxy-3,7,16-trioxo-21,22-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]-2,17,20-trioxatetracyclo[16.3.1.04,9.010,15]docosa-5,8,10,12,14-pentaen-19-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | 54742219 | Click to see | 938.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
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