Lemna aequinoctialis

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643fe099908c7679476333
Scientific name Lemna aequinoctialis
Authority Welw.
First published in Apont. : 578 (1859)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Lemna aequinoctialis, commonly known as minute duckweed, has been used in a few traditional systems as a gentle, cooling herb applied to skin irritations and minor wounds. Among the Tamang and Newar communities of Nepal, practitioners prepare a warm compress by boiling the fresh plants and applying the strained liquid to rashes, bruises, and superficial cuts (Baral et al., 2018). In the eastern Himalayas of India, duckweed is similarly used as an external poultice or wash for burns, insect bites, and inflamed areas (Pradhan & Badola, 2008). In parts of southern China’s Yunnan Province, herbalists also value duckweed for external care, collecting the floating fronds to apply as a compress on sore or inflamed skin and minor burns (Zhang, 2012).

Two practical preparations recur across these regions. A decoction can be made by simmering about 30 grams of fresh, washed fronds in 250 milliliters of water for 10 minutes, allowing it to cool to a comfortably warm temperature, and then applying the liquid as a warm compress to the affected area for 15–20 minutes, two or three times daily. For acute irritation or insect bites, a thicker topical application is prepared by mashing fresh fronds into a paste and spreading it gently on the skin as a poultice, reapplying every few hours as needed. When applying either preparation, avoid contact with the eyes and discontinue if irritation worsens (Gruyal et al., 2015).

Duckweeds are well-known for their nutritional profile, and Lemna aequinoctialis is documented to contain high levels of protein and a range of pigments, most notably chlorophylls, which can explain its role as a soothing, mildly astringent external remedy that absorbs surface moisture and cools irritated tissue. The small fronds also yield carotenoids, especially lutein and zeaxanthin, and vitamin C, which support the plant’s traditional application to reduce redness and promote surface comfort (Gruyal et al., 2015). While these constituents are not medicinal drugs, their abundance in the plant offers a plausible rationale for the external uses recorded in Nepal, India, and southern China.

Lemna aequinoctialis is used much less frequently than more widely studied duckweeds, but there is growing interest in small-scale dietary supplements and nutraceuticals that feature dried duckweed as an ingredient. Field notes from community herbalists in Nepal continue to mention duckweed poultices for minor skin complaints (Baral et al., 2018), and dried “duckweed flour” is intermittently available in some specialty markets. Contemporary research remains focused on nutrition and growth, and clinical evidence for skin use is still limited, so its current relevance lies largely in traditional local practice and exploratory food applications.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
- Model organism for genetics, plant physiology, ecotoxicology and biotechnology; a reference genome is publicly available in NCBI repositories.
- Protein‑rich feed meal for aquaculture and livestock; the dried fronds are processed into meal that can partially replace conventional protein sources in fish and poultry diets.

Industrial and craft applications:
- Used in environmental bioassays following OECD guidelines for aquatic plant testing (e.g., OECD 201 growth inhibition tests).
- Served in laboratory studies as a feedstock for bioethanol and biogas production, exploiting its high starch content.

Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
- Processed into protein isolates for research on human food applications; the isolates are intended for feed or ingredient use and are not marketed as dietary supplements.

Properties relevant to use:
- Small fronds (≈2–5 mm) and rapid vegetative propagation (generation time 2–3 days) enable high‑throughput phenotyping.
- Dry‑weight protein content typically 20–40 %; starch content 10–20 %, providing a fermentable carbon source.
- Low lignin content (generally

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Lemna angolensis Welw. J. Bot. 3: 112 (1865)
Lemna aoukikusa T.Beppu & Murata Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 36: 55 (1985)
Lemna aoukikusa subsp. hokurikuensis T.Beppu & Murata Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 36: 56 (1985)
Lemna blatteri McCann J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 42: 153 (1942)
Lemna eleanorae McCann J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 42: 154 (1942)
Lemna paucicostata Hegelm. Lemnac. 138. t. 8. 1868
Lemna perpusilla var. trinervis Austin ex A.Gray Manual (Gray), ed. 5. 479. 1867
Lemna trinervis (Austin) Small Fl. S.E. U.S. : 230 (1903)
Lemna paucicostata var. membranacea Hegelm. Lemnac. 141. 1868
Lemna minima Blatt. & Hallb. J. Indian Bot. 2: 50 (1921)
Lemna paucicostata Hegelm. ex Engelm. Manual ed. 5, (2nd issue): 681 (1868)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English lesser duckweed
Arabic لمنة اعتدالية
Bulgarian тропическа водна леща
French lentille d'eau
Russian Ряска равноденственная
Russian Ряска тропическая
Swedish vingandmat
Chinese 稀脉浮萍
Chinese 青萍
Chinese 青蘋

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • East Tropical Africa
      • Kenya
      • Tanzania
      • Uganda
    • Macaronesia
      • Cape Verde
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Chad
      • Ethiopia
      • Sudan
    • Northern Africa
      • Egypt
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Angola
      • Malawi
      • Mozambique
      • Zambia
      • Zimbabwe
    • Southern Africa
      • Botswana
      • Cape Provinces
      • Caprivi Strip
      • Free State
      • Kwazulu-Natal
      • Lesotho
      • Namibia
      • Northern Provinces
      • Swaziland
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Benin
      • Burkina
      • Gambia
      • Ghana
      • Guinea
      • Guinea-Bissau
      • Ivory Coast
      • Liberia
      • Mali
      • Mauritania
      • Niger
      • Nigeria
      • Senegal
      • Sierra Leone
      • Togo
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Burundi
      • Cabinda
      • Cameroon
      • Central African Republic
      • Congo
      • Equatorial Guinea
      • Gabon
      • Gulf Of Guinea Islands
      • Rwanda
      • Zaïre
    • Western Indian Ocean
      • Aldabra
      • Chagos Archipelago
      • Comoros
      • Madagascar
      • Mauritius
      • Mozambique Channel Islands
      • Rodrigues
      • Réunion
      • Seychelles
  • Asia-temperate
    • China
      • China North-central
      • China South-central
      • China Southeast
      • Manchuria
      • Qinghai
    • Eastern Asia
      • Japan
      • Taiwan
    • Russian Far East
      • Khabarovsk
    • Western Asia
      • Afghanistan
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • India
      • Nepal
      • Pakistan
      • West Himalaya
    • Indo-China
      • Cambodia
      • Thailand
    • Malesia
      • Borneo
      • Christmas Island
      • Cocos (keeling) Islands
      • Jawa
      • Lesser Sunda Islands
      • Malaya
      • Maluku
      • Philippines
      • Sulawesi
      • Sumatera
  • Australasia
    • Australia
      • Northern Territory
      • Queensland
      • Western Australia
  • Northern America
    • Mexico
      • Mexico Central
      • Mexico Gulf
      • Mexico Northeast
      • Mexico Northwest
      • Mexico Southeast
      • Mexico Southwest
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Iowa
      • Kansas
      • Missouri
      • Nebraska
      • Oklahoma
      • Wisconsin
    • South-central U.S.A.
      • New Mexico
      • Texas
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama
      • Arkansas
      • Delaware
      • District Of Columbia
      • Florida
      • Georgia
      • Kentucky
      • Louisiana
      • Maryland
      • Mississippi
      • North Carolina
      • South Carolina
      • Tennessee
      • Virginia
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • Arizona
      • California
  • Pacific
    • North-central Pacific
      • Hawaii
    • Northwestern Pacific
      • Caroline Islands
    • Southwestern Pacific
      • Fiji
      • New Caledonia
      • Samoa
      • Tonga
  • Southern America
    • Brazil
      • Brazil North
      • Brazil Northeast
      • Brazil South
      • Brazil Southeast
      • Brazil West-central
    • Caribbean
      • Aruba
      • Bahamas
      • Bermuda
      • Cayman Islands
      • Cuba
      • Dominican Republic
      • Haiti
      • Jamaica
      • Leeward Islands
      • Netherlands Antilles
      • Puerto Rico
      • Southwest Caribbean
      • Trinidad-Tobago
      • Turks-caicos Islands
      • Venezuelan Antilles
      • Windward Islands
    • Central America
      • Belize
      • Costa Rica
      • El Salvador
      • Guatemala
      • Honduras
      • Nicaragua
      • Panamá
    • Northern South America
      • French Guiana
      • Guyana
      • Suriname
      • Venezuela
    • Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast
      • Paraguay
    • Western South America
      • Bolivia
      • Colombia
      • Ecuador
      • Galápagos
      • Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000224404
Florida Plant Atlas 554
Flora of Alabama 4380
USDA Plants LEAE2
Tropicos 18100026
INPN 105423
Flora of Italy 7868
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:526159-1
The Plant List kew-109276
Open Tree Of Life 290
Observations.org 160003
NCBI Taxonomy 161097
Nature Serve 2.142929
IUCN Red List 164404
IPNI 526159-1
iNaturalist 77654
GBIF 2867616
Freebase /m/0_fqvrg
WisFlora 10670
EPPO LEMTN
EOL 1142168
Calflora (Californian flora) 4655
USDA GRIN 416565
Wikipedia Lemna_aequinoctialis

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Effects of coronatine elicitation on growth and metabolic profiles of Lemna paucicostata culture. Kim JY, Kim HY, Jeon JY, Kim DM, Zhou Y, Lee JS, Lee H, Choi HK PLoS One 03-Nov-2017
PMCID:PMC5669466
doi:10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0187622
PMID:29099862
Flowering and Endogenous Levels of Benzoic Acid in Lemna Species S. Fujioka, I. Yamaguchi, N. Murofushi, N. Takahashi, S. Kaihara, A. Takimoto Oxford University Press (OUP) 20-Nov-2012
doi:10.1093/PCP/24.2.235
Biosynthesis and metabolism of trigonelline in Lemna paucicostata 151. Hiroshi TAGUCHI, Hiroshi NISHITANI, Katsuzumi OKUMURA, Yoshihide SHIMABAYASHI, Kazuo IWAI Oxford University Press (OUP) 13-Jul-2011
doi:10.1271/BBB1961.53.2867
Isolation and identification of lutein from Lemna paucicostata 381 as an inhibitor of benzoic acid-induced flowering in Lemna paucicostata 151. Shozo FUJIOKA, Akira SAKURAI, Naotsugu SUGIMOTO, Isomaro YAMAGUCHI, Noboru MUROFUSHI, Nobutaka TAKAHASHI, Sumiko KAIHARA, Atsushi TAKIMOTO Oxford University Press (OUP) 13-Jul-2011
doi:10.1271/BBB1961.50.2053
C14-oxylipin glucosides isolated from Lemna paucicostata. Kai K, Akaike R, Iida K, Yokoyama M, Watanabe N Phytochemistry 01-Jul-2010
doi:10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.04.015
PMID:20471045

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives
Trigonelline 5570 Click to see 137.14 unknown https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB1961.53.2867
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acids
Benzoic Acid 243 Click to see 122.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1093/PCP/24.2.235
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Hydroxy fatty acids
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid 1662 Click to see 162.14 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Stearic Acid 5281 Click to see 284.50 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
(5R,6S,8Z,11Z)-6-hydroxy-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxytetradeca-8,11-dienoic acid 163028532 Click to see 418.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.04.015
(5R,8Z,11Z)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[(2-carboxyacetyl)oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-oxotetradeca-8,11-dienoic acid 101517158 Click to see 502.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.04.015
(5R,8Z,11Z)-6-oxo-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxytetradeca-8,11-dienoic acid 46845276 Click to see 416.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.04.015
5-[6-[(2-Carboxyacetyl)oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-oxotetradeca-8,11-dienoic acid 162987533 Click to see 502.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.04.015
6-Hydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxytetradeca-8,11-dienoic acid 163028531 Click to see CCC=CCC=CCC(C(CCCC(=O)O)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O 418.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.04.015
6-Oxo-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxytetradeca-8,11-dienoic acid 75219397 Click to see CCC=CCC=CCC(=O)C(CCCC(=O)O)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O 416.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.04.015
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
Linoleic Acid 5280450 Click to see 280.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
Linolenic Acid 5280934 Click to see 278.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Glycerolipids / Monoradylglycerols / Monoacylglycerols / 1-monoacylglycerols
1-Monopalmitin 14900 Click to see 330.50 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Glycerolipids / Monoradylglycerols / Monoacylglycerols / 2-monoacylglycerols
2-Stearoylglycerol 79075 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CO)CO 358.60 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Glycerophospholipids / Glycerophosphates
Glyceryl 1-phosphate 754 Click to see 172.07 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Xanthophylls
Lutein A 5281243 Click to see 568.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB1961.50.2053
Zeaxanthin 5280899 Click to see 568.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB1961.50.2053
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Ergostane steroids / Ergosterols and derivatives
Campesterol 173183 Click to see CC(C)C(C)CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C 400.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid lactones / Withanolides and derivatives
Taccalonolide T 56658581 Click to see 744.80 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol 222284 Click to see 414.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
Stigmasterol 5280794 Click to see 412.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alanine and derivatives
DL-Alanine 602 Click to see CC(C(=O)O)N 89.09 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids
DL-Glutamine 738 Click to see C(CC(=O)N)C(C(=O)O)N 146.14 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
Lysine, DL- 866 Click to see C(CCN)CC(C(=O)O)N 146.19 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Asparagine and derivatives
DL-Asparagine 236 Click to see C(C(C(=O)O)N)C(=O)N 132.12 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Aspartic acid and derivatives
(+-)-Aspartic Acid 424 Click to see 133.10 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Glutamic acid and derivatives
DL-Glutamic acid 611 Click to see 147.13 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Phenylalanine and derivatives
DL-Phenylalanine 994 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC(C(=O)O)N 165.19 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Proline and derivatives
DL-Pyroglutamic acid 499 Click to see C1CC(=O)NC1C(=O)O 129.11 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Serine and derivatives
DL-Serine 617 Click to see 105.09 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Tyrosine and derivatives
DL-Tyrosine 1153 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CC(C(=O)O)N)O 181.19 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Valine and derivatives
DL-valine 1182 Click to see 117.15 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Amino acids and derivatives / Gamma amino acids and derivatives
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 119 Click to see C(CC(=O)O)CN 103.12 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
Fumaric Acid 444972 Click to see C(=CC(=O)O)C(=O)O 116.07 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
Succinic Acid 1110 Click to see 118.09 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Organic acids and derivatives / Hydroxy acids and derivatives / Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives
Malic Acid 525 Click to see 134.09 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
Maltose 439186 Click to see 342.30 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
Sucrose 5988 Click to see 342.30 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar acids and derivatives
2-keto-D-Gluconic acid 3035456 Click to see 194.14 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
Glyceric acid 752 Click to see C(C(C(=O)O)O)O 106.08 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar alcohols
Glycerin 753 Click to see C(C(CO)O)O 92.09 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Tryptamines and derivatives / Serotonins
Serotonin 5202 Click to see C1=CC2=C(C=C1O)C(=CN2)CCN 176.21 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones
(3R,4S)-Dihydro-3,4-dihydroxy-2(3H)-furanone 2724794 Click to see 118.09 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid 11496 Click to see C1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)C=CC(=O)O 164.16 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)Prop-2-Enoic Acid 2518 Click to see 180.16 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
4-Coumaric acid 322 Click to see 164.16 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
Isoferulic Acid 736186 Click to see 194.18 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 7-O-methylated isoflavonoids / 7-O-methylisoflavones
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7,8-dimethoxy-4H-chromen-4-one 638205 Click to see 342.30 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669466/

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