Ficus simplicissima
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64401ca221413078924021 |
| Scientific name | Ficus simplicissima |
| Authority | Lour. |
| First published in | Fl. Cochinch. : 667 (1790) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Ficus simplicissima (syn. Ficus hirta) is widely used in southern China and northern Vietnam for infusions and decoctions of the leaves or shoots, while in parts of Thailand and Laos the roots are taken as a gentler infusion or macerated and applied topically as a poultice. Traditional healers in Hainan and Yunnan prepare warm leaf infusions to treat cough and pharyngitis (Zheng and Wang, 1997; Duke and Ayensu, 1984). In Yunnan, a tea of young shoots or leaves is given for loose stools or dysentery-like complaints (Qin, 2005). In northern Vietnam, artisans and herbalists steep the fibrous roots in hot water as a mild digestive infusion (Chi and Shaw, 1975). Among Lao and northern Thai communities, a finely grated root paste is applied as a poultice to bruises, sprains, and localized arthritic pain (DNR, 1975; Nguyen, 2003). In southwestern Yunnan, a leaf decoction is also used as a wash for sore, inflamed eyes (Zheng and Wang, 1997).
A practical example is a leaf infusion for throat or cough: use about 5 g of fresh young shoots/leaves per 250 ml of just-boiled water, cover and steep 5–10 minutes; strain and drink warm, up to two cups daily. A 1:5 (w:v) ethanol tincture can be made with fresh shoots/leaves and 45% ethanol, macerating 2 weeks with daily shaking; the dose is usually 1–3 ml up to twice daily. Safety note: limit use to short courses and avoid in pregnancy due to limited data; some users report stomach upset from strong decoctions (Duke and Ayensu, 1984; Zheng and Wang, 1997).
The activity aligns with well-documented constituents: flavonoid glycosides (e.g., quercetin and kaempferol derivatives), phenolic acids (gallic and chlorogenic acids), polysaccharides and mucilage, and sesquiterpenes such as β-caryophyllene; these explain the mild astringency, anti-inflammatory, and mucilaginous actions (Zheng and Wang, 1997; Hou et al., 2010).
Modern relevance: commercial preparations are scarce outside China and northern Vietnam, but small-scale traditional use and research on the leaf polysaccharides and anti-inflammatory constituents continue.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
Mature fruits are consumed raw or occasionally preserved in the study area, with no established industry-scale products derived from this species.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
- Fresh consumption of the mature, sweet fruit in local contexts; occasional preservation as a minor food.
Colorants and tanning:
No verified uses.
Wood and fiber:
- No species-specific timber use or fiber industry recorded. Information on wood density or bast-fiber properties is not available in the cited sources.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
No documented applications.
Properties relevant to use:
- Physical and chemical properties relevant to commercial use are not reported in the evaluated sources.
Standards and regulation:
No relevant standards or regulatory frameworks documented for this species.
Sustainability and sourcing:
Wild harvesting from secondary habitats and occasional cultivation; no conservation status or trade data reported in the consulted references.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Necalistis aspera | Raf. | Sylva Tellur. : 58 (1838) |
| Ficus ochracea | (C.C.Berg) C.C.Berg | Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 35: 21 (2007) |
| Ficus triloba subsp. quangtriensis | (Gagnep.) C.C.Berg | Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 35: 27 (2007) |
| Ficus dumosa | King | J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 56(1): 67. 1887 [ 23 Jul 1887] |
| Ficus hibiscifolia | Champ. ex Benth. | Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 77 (1854) |
| Ficus hirta | Vahl | Enum. Pl. 2: 201 (1805) |
| Ficus hirta var. appressa | Corner | Gard. Bull. Singapore 17: 430 1960 |
| Ficus hirta var. brevipila | Corner | Gard. Bull. Singapore 17: 430 1960 |
| Ficus hirta var. dumosa | (King) Corner | Gard. Bull. Singapore 17: 430 1960 |
| Ficus hirta subsp. dumosa | (King) C.C.Berg | Blumea 48: 536 (2003) |
| Ficus hirta var. hibiscifolia | (Champ. ex Benth.) Chun | Sunyatsenia 1: 225 1934 |
| Ficus hirta var. imberbis | Gagnep. | Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 804 1928 |
| Ficus hirta var. integrifolia | Miq. | Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): t. 18 1859 |
| Ficus hirta subsp. ochracea | C.C.Berg | Blumea 48: 537 (2003) |
| Ficus hirta var. palmatiloba | (Merr.) Chun | Sunyatsenia 1: 225 1934 |
| Ficus hirta var. setosa | (Blume) Miq. | Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): t. 18 1859 |
| Ficus katsumadai | Hayata | Icon. Pl. Formosan. 8: 127 (1919) |
| Ficus palmatiloba | Merr. | Philipp. J. Sci. 21: 340 (1922) |
| Ficus porteri | H.Lév. & Vaniot | Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 550 (1910) |
| Ficus quangtriensis | Gagnep. | Notul. Syst. (Paris) 4: 94 (1927) |
| Ficus setacea | G.Lodd. | Bot. Cab. 12: t. 1138 (1826) |
| Ficus setifera | Steud. | Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2. 1: 638. 1840 |
| Ficus setosa | Blume | Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. : 477 (1825) |
| Ficus setosa | Hook. & Arn. | Bot. Beechey Voy. 216, t. 49. 1837 [Jul-Aug 1837] |
| Ficus tournanensis | Gagnep. | Notul. Syst. (Paris) 4: 97 (1927) |
| Ficus tridactylita | Gagnep. | Notul. Syst. (Paris) 4: 98. 1927 |
| Ficus simplicissima var. hirta | (Vahl) Migo | Bull. Shanghai Sci. Inst. 14: 331 1944 |
| Ficus triloba | Buch.-Ham. ex J.O.Voigt |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Chinese | 五指毛桃 |
| Chinese | 掌叶榕 |
| Chinese | 粗叶榕 |
| Chinese | 五指毛桃果 |
| Chinese | 极简榕 |
| Chinese | 极简榕（五指毛桃） |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China South-central
- China Southeast
- Hainan
-
China
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- Assam
- Bangladesh
- East Himalaya
- Nepal
-
Indo-China
- Cambodia
- Laos
- Myanmar
- Thailand
- Vietnam
-
Malesia
- Jawa
- Malaya
- Sumatera
-
Indian Subcontinent
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000690331 |
| Tropicos | 50064857 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:853709-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2812314 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 6108650 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 1822162 |
| IPNI | 853709-1 |
| iNaturalist | 626499 |
| GBIF | 5570563 |
| EOL | 2872498 |
| Wikipedia | Ficus_simplicissima |
| CMAUP | NPO15147 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives | |||||
| Protocatechuic Acid | 72 | Click to see | 154.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives | |||||
| 4,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-methylphthalide | 10420195 | Click to see | 196.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenetriols and derivatives / Pyrogallols and derivatives | |||||
| Flavipin | 3083587 | Click to see CC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C=O)C=O | 196.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(E,2S,5S)-5-Ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 12314479 | Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C | 412.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acid amides | |||||
| [(4S)-5-amino-4-azaniumyl-5-oxopentyl]-(diaminomethylidene)azanium | 6995104 | Click to see | 175.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids | |||||
| alpha-Glycine | 5257127 | Click to see | 75.07 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids / L-alpha-amino acids | |||||
| Lysine zwitterion | 122198194 | Click to see | 146.19 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Aspartic acid and derivatives | |||||
| N-Caffeoyl-L-aspartic acid | 23658567 | Click to see | 295.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| N-Coumaroyl-L-aspartic acid | 68537088 | Click to see | 279.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Glutamic acid and derivatives | |||||
| (2S)-2-Ammonioglutaric acid | 5147171 | Click to see C(CC(=O)O)C(C(=O)O)[NH3+] | 148.14 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Histidine and derivatives | |||||
| [(2S)-1-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-3-ium-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]azanium | 49786167 | Click to see C1=C(NC=[NH+]1)CC(C(=O)N)[NH3+] | 156.19 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Isoleucine and derivatives | |||||
| (2S,3S)-2-ammonio-3-methylpentanoate | 7043901 | Click to see | 131.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Leucine and derivatives | |||||
| (2S)-2-(dimethylamino)-4-methylpentanoic acid | 11658330 | Click to see | 159.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Methionine and derivatives | |||||
| (2S)-2-ammonio-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoate | 6992087 | Click to see | 149.21 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Phenylalanine and derivatives | |||||
| Phenylalanine | 6140 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC(C(=O)O)N | 165.19 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Proline and derivatives | |||||
| (2S)-pyrrolidinium-2-carboxylate | 6971047 | Click to see | 115.13 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Serine and derivatives | |||||
| L-Serine | 5951 | Click to see | 105.09 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Tyrosine and derivatives | |||||
| (2S)-2-ammonio-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate | 6942100 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CC(C(=O)[O-])[NH3+])O | 181.19 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| N-(E)-Caffeoyl-L-tyrosine | 10308838 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CC(C(=O)O)NC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O | 343.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| N-Coumaroyl-3-hydroxytyrosine | 68540305 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC(=O)NC(CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)C(=O)O)O | 343.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| N-p-Coumaroyltyrosine | 15825666 | Click to see | 327.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| trans-Clovamide | 6506968 | Click to see | 359.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Valine and derivatives | |||||
| (2S)-2-(15N)azanyl-4,4,4-trideuterio-3-methylbutanoic acid | 11829420 | Click to see | 121.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Amino acids and derivatives / Beta amino acids and derivatives | |||||
| Butanoic acid, 3-amino-4-oxo-, (3S)- | 6540254 | Click to see | 117.10 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Cysteine and derivatives / L-cysteine-S-conjugates | |||||
| L-cystine zwitterion | 6992103 | Click to see | 240.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Keto acids and derivatives / Beta-keto acids and derivatives | |||||
| CID 54732694 | 54732694 | Click to see | 114.08 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Quaternary ammonium salts / Cholines | |||||
| Choline | 305 | Click to see | 104.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Chlorogenic Acid | 1794427 | Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O | 354.31 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / N-acylneuraminic acids and derivatives / N-acylneuraminic acids | |||||
| N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acid | 445063 | Click to see | 309.27 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides | |||||
| Verbascose | 441434 | Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OCC4C(C(C(C(O4)OC5(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 828.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar acids and derivatives / Glucuronic acid derivatives | |||||
| GlyTouCan:G37030UD | 90062900 | Click to see | 194.14 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 2-benzopyrans | |||||
| Epicoccolide A | 71732639 | Click to see | 374.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Imidazopyrimidines / Purines and purine derivatives / Xanthines | |||||
| Caffeine | 2519 | Click to see CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C(=O)N2C)C | 194.19 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Theobromine | 5429 | Click to see | 180.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives | |||||
| (2S)-2-ammonio-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate | 6923516 | Click to see | 204.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isocoumarans | |||||
| 4,6-Dihydroxy-5-methoxy-7-methyl-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran | 123784052 | Click to see | 196.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 7-Methyl-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-4,5,6-triol | 10845133 | Click to see | 182.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthopyrans | |||||
| Acetosellin | 10883740 | Click to see | 394.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Tetrahydroisoquinolines | |||||
| Salsolinol | 91588 | Click to see | 179.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids | |||||
| Epicoccolide B | 11210533 | Click to see | 358.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids | |||||
| cis-2-Coumarate | 54714352 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C=CC(=O)O)[O-] | 163.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives | |||||
| Thamnosmonin | 312089 | Click to see | 276.28 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Psoralens | |||||
| Psoralen | 6199 | Click to see | 186.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids | |||||
| (1S,5R,6R,13R,21S)-5,13-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-21-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.02,11.03,8.015,20]henicosa-2(11),3(8),9,15,17,19-hexaene-6,9,17,19-tetrol | 118731401 | Click to see | 738.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Cinnamtannin A2 | 16130899 | Click to see | 1155.00 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Cinnamtannin A3 | 16129741 | Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=C3C(=CC(=C4C5C(C(OC6=C(C(=CC(=C56)O)O)C7C(C(OC8=C(C(=CC(=C78)O)O)C9C(C(OC1=CC(=CC(=C91)O)O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O)O)O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O)O)O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O | 1443.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Proanthocyanidin A1 | 9872976 | Click to see | 576.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Procyanidin A2 | 124025 | Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC3=C2C4C(C(O3)(OC5=CC(=CC(=C45)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O)C7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)O)O | 576.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Procyanidin B1 | 11250133 | Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O | 578.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Procyanidin B2, (+)- | 122738 | Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O | 578.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Procyanidin B5 | 124017 | Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=C(C(=C2)O)C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O | 578.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Procyanidin C1 | 169853 | Click to see | 866.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins | |||||
| 8,8'-Methylenebiscatechin | 46182787 | Click to see | 592.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Catechin | 9064 | Click to see | 290.27 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Epicatechin | 72276 | Click to see | 290.27 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Anthocyanins / Anthocyanidin-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| Cyanidin 3-O-galactoside | 441699 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 449.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides | |||||
| (2R,3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol | 5317057 | Click to see | 452.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| Cyanidin 3-arabinoside cation | 12137509 | Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC3=C(C=C(C=C3[O+]=C2C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 419.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Guaijaverin | 5481224 | Click to see | 434.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |