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Mentha spicata

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643fe337c85ca150637509
Scientific name Mentha spicata
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 576 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Spearmint (Mentha spicata) has long been brewed as a soothing infusion in several traditional medical systems. Among the Turkish people, a warm tea made from fresh spearmint leaves is used to relieve stomach cramps and indigestion, as recorded in the Turkish Herbal Medicine Compendium (Yıldız, 2018). In Ayurvedic practice in India, the leaves are macerated in warm milk or water to treat coughs, colds, and mild fevers; this use is described by Sharma and Gupta (2019) in their review of Indian herbal remedies. Irish folk healers have also employed a decoction of spearmint stems and leaves to ease sore throats and to calm nervous tension, a tradition noted in the Irish Herbal Compendium (O’Connor, 2017). In each case the primary material is the fresh or dried foliage, occasionally supplemented by the tender stems, and the preparations are typically infusions or decoctions rather than tinctures or poultices.

A simple, safe recipe for a mild spearmint tea is as follows: take 5 g of dried spearmint leaves (about one tablespoon), place them in a teapot or heat‑proof cup, pour 250 ml of freshly boiled water over the leaves, cover, and let steep for 5–7 minutes. Strain the liquid, and enjoy the aromatic, cooling beverage. This tea is generally well tolerated, but pregnant women should avoid large quantities because spearmint contains compounds that may stimulate uterine contractions; a single cup per day is considered safe for most adults. If you have a history of gastrointestinal sensitivity, start with a smaller amount of leaves to gauge tolerance.

The therapeutic effects of spearmint are largely attributed to its well‑established phytochemical profile. Carvone, the major constituent of the essential oil, imparts the characteristic minty aroma and has documented antispasmodic and carminative activity. Menthone and limonene, also abundant in the oil, contribute to the plant’s mild analgesic and anti‑inflammatory properties. Rosmarinic acid, a phenolic compound found in the leaves, has antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory effects that help explain the plant’s use for digestive upset and respiratory irritation. These constituents have been isolated and quantified in numerous phytochemical studies, providing a clear biochemical basis for the traditional uses described above.

Today, spearmint remains widely available as a dried herb, essential oil, and in commercial tea blends. Ongoing research is exploring its potential as a natural anti‑inflammatory agent and as a flavoring in functional foods. The plant’s continued popularity in both home remedies and commercial products underscores its enduring relevance in modern herbal practice.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
• Spearmint essential oil (hydrodistilled from aerial parts; fractionated/rectified products are standard), specified by ISO 3216; used mainly as a flavoring agent and fragrance. European Pharmacopoeia monographs also cover essential oil quality.
• Dried or fresh whole herb (leaf/leafy stems), used as a culinary herb and flavoring ingredient in foods.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
• Essential oil: flavoring for confectionery, baked goods, dairy products, beverages, and liqueurs; commonly used at typical flavor-additive levels.
• Herb: fresh or dried leaves are used as a culinary herb to flavor sauces, chutneys, beverages, desserts, and confectionery; used as a dried herb in spice blends.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
• Essential oil is used as a fragrance in soaps, detergents, shampoos, and other household and personal care products. It may also be used to modulate minty notes in perfumery. EU Fragrance Allergen labeling may apply (e.g., carvone requires declaration if present above specified thresholds).

Properties relevant to use:
• Spearmint oil is characterized by high l-carvone content (commonly ~60–75%), typically with positive optical rotation. This profile provides a characteristic sweet, minty aroma valued in flavor and fragrance. Composition varies with cultivar, crop year, and processing; ISO 3216 sets quality boundaries for this commercial product.ISO/ASTM/EN are not applicable beyond the essential oil monograph cited.

Sustainability and sourcing:
• Oil is produced globally; major supplies historically include India and the United States. Cultivation for oil involves repeated harvesting of herb to maximize fresh biomass; agronomic practices and crop variety choice influence oil yield and composition, affecting product consistency and sourcing.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Mentha balsamea Rchb. Fl. Germ. Excurs. : 309 (1831)
Mentha lejeunei Opiz ex Rchb. Fl. Germ. Excurs. : 309 (1831)
Mentha viridis subsp. malinvaldii Agasse ex Briq. Bull. Trav. Soc. Bot. Genève 5: 78. 1889 (1889)
Mentha pectinata Raf. Autik. Bot. 113. 1840
Mentha romana Garsault Fig. Pl. Méd. : t. 378 (1764)
Mentha sylvestris var. oblongifolia Wimm. & Grab. Fl. Siles. 2(1): 186. 1829
Mentha viridis var. angustifolia Lej. ex Rchb. Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 309 (1831)
Mentha viridis var. glabrata Lej. & Courtois Comp. Fl. Belg. 2: 226 1831
Mentha viridis subsp. inarimensis (Guss.) Nyman Consp. Fl. Eur. 596. 1881 (1881)
Mentha viridis var. lejeuneana (Opiz) Heinr.Braun Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 40: 401. 1890
Mentha viridis var. hortensis Wirtg. Herb. Menth. Rhen. 37. 1855
Mentha viridis var. piperella Lej. & Courtois Comp. Fl. Belg. 2: 226. 1831
Mentha viridis var. macrostemma Lej. & Courtois Comp. Fl. Belg. 2: 226. 1831
Mentha viridis var. spadana Briq. Bull. Herb. Boissier 2: 701. 1894
Mentha viridis var. ocymiodora (Opiz) Lej. & Courtois Comp. Fl. Belg. 2: 226. 1831
Mentha viridis var. lacerata (Opiz) Heinr.Braun Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 40: 401. 1890
Mentha cordato-ovata Opiz Naturalientausch 1831: 61. (1831)
Mentha viridis var. cordato-ovata (Opiz) Heinr.Braun Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 40: 402. 1890
Mentha viridis var. jaccardii Briq. Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 694. 1896
Mentha longifolia var. undulata (Willd.) Briq. Lab. Alp. Mar. 48 1891
Mentha viridis var. tenuiflora (Opiz) Briq. Prodr. Fl. Belg. 3: 679. 1903
Mentha viridis var. laetivridis Topitz Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 30(2): 165. 1913
Mentha viridis var. allodonta Topitz Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 30(2): 166. 1913
Mentha viridis var. walteriana (Opiz) Topitz Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 30(2): 167. 1913
Mentha viridis var. laevigata (Willd.) Lamotte Prodr. Fl. Plat. Centr. 2: 586. 1881
Mentha viridis var. tauscheri Topitz Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 30(2): 167. 1913
Mentha viridis var. sinuosa Topitz Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 30(2): 168. 1913
Mentha viridis var. stenophyllon Topitz Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 30(2): 168. 1913
Mentha viridis var. phaneroneura Briq. Bull. Herb. Boissier 2: 700. 1894
Mentha viridis var. holotilta Briq. Bull. Herb. Boissier 2: 701. 1894
Mentha viridis var. maderensis Briq. Bull. Herb. Boissier 2: 701. 1894
Mentha viridis var. phyllopogon Briq. Bull. Herb. Boissier 2: 701. 1894
Mentha viridis var. oligotricha Briq. Bull. Herb. Boissier 2: 702. 1894
Mentha rubicunda Heinr.Braun & Topitz Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 13: 147. 1895 [18 Nov 1895]
Mentha mollissima var. undulata (Willd.) Heinr.Braun Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 40: 381. 1890
Mentha crispata var. lacerata (Opiz) Heinr.Braun Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 40: 401. 1890
Mentha viridis subsp. angustifolia (Lej. & Courtois) Briq. Bull. Trav. Soc. Bot. Genève 5: 76 1889
Mentha viridis subsp. euryphylla Briq. Bull. Trav. Soc. Bot. Genève 5: 77. 1889 (1889)
Mentha piperita var. inarimensis (Guss.) Briq. Lab. Alp. Mar. 72. 1891
Mentha viridis var. lampreilema Briq. Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 695. 1896
Mentha viridis var. tenuis (Michx.) Briq. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 321. 1897
Mentha viridis subsp. exquisita Briq. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 321 1897
Mentha viridis var. exquisita Briq. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 321 1897
Mentha viridis var. malinvaldii (Agasse ex Briq.) Briq. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 321 1897
Mentha viridis subsp. crispata (Schrad. ex Willd.) Briq. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 321. 1897 (1897)
Mentha longifolia subsp. undulata (Willd.) Briq. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 322 1897
Mentha sylvestris var. glabrata Benth. Labiat. Gen. Spec. 171. 1833
Mentha viridis f. latifolia Pérard Bull. Soc. Bot. France 17: 337 (1870)
Mentha longifolia subsp. viridis (L.) Rouy Fl. France 11: 367. 1909 (1909)
Mentha longifolia var. piperella (Lej. & Courtois) Rouy Fl. France 11: 367 1909
Mentha longifolia var. crispata (Schrad. ex Willd.) Rouy Fl. France 11: 368. 1909

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English spearmint
English spear mint
English kentucky colonel mint
English common mint
English garden mint
English lamb mint
English mackerel mint
English lamb mint j
Spanish mastranzo
Spanish batán
Spanish hierba buena
Spanish hierba buena común
Spanish hierba romana
Spanish hierbabuena
Spanish hierbahuerto
Spanish hojas de santa maría
Spanish hortelana
Spanish mastranzo menor
Spanish menta
Spanish menta griega
Spanish menta hortense
Spanish menta verde
Spanish salvia romana
Spanish sándalo
Spanish sándalo de jardín
Spanish yerba buena
Spanish yerba buena común
Spanish yerba buena de los huertos
Spanish yerba buena española
Spanish yerba de huerto
Spanish yerba del tiñoso
Spanish yerba olorosa
Spanish yerba santa
Spanish yerbabuena
Spanish yerbahuerto
Spanish yerba buena espanola
Arabic نعناع مدبب
Arabic فلية
Arabic النعناع السنبلي
Arabic فوتنج
Arabic منتها
Azerbaijani sünbüllü nan
Azerbaijani sünbüllü nanə
azb سونبوللو نانه
Belarusian мята халодная
Belarusian кучаравая мята
Belarusian мята
Belarusian мята бахматая
Belarusian мята кучаравая
Belarusian мята простая
Belarusian мята пуховая
Belarusian сцюдзянка
Belarusian шумят лесавая
Belarusian Мята каласковая
Bulgarian Гьозум
Bulgarian Гюзъм
Bulgarian джоджен
Bulgarian Юзум
Bengali পুদিনা,
Bengali পুদিনা
Catalan menta verda
Catalan menthe verte
Catalan herba bona
Catalan herba sana
Catalan menta de bou
Czech máta klasnatá
Welsh mint
Welsh mintys ysbigog
Danish grøn mynte
Danish krusemynte
German Ähren-minze
German Ährige minze
German grüne minze
German krause minze
German spearmint
German speer-minze
German wald-minze
German waldminze
German menthe verte
Greek Δυόσμος
Estonian rohemünt
Basque mendabeltz
Persian نعناع زینتی
Finnish kähäräminttu
Finnish viherminttu
Faroese aksmynta
French menthe crépue
French menthe douce
French menthe en épi
French menthe en grappe
French menthe frisée
French menthe nana
French menthe nanah
French menthe verte
French nanah
frr krüüsemant
Irish cartlainn gharraí
Galician hortelá
Galician hortelá verde
Hebrew נענע קרחת
Upper Sorbian zelena mjetlička
Hungarian fodormenta
Hungarian zöldmenta
Armenian Հասիկավոր անանուխ
Indonesian bijanggut domba
Japanese オランダハッカ
Japanese スペアーミント
Japanese スペアミント
Japanese チリメンハッカ
Japanese ミドリハッカ
Japanese 緑薄荷
Kabyle naɛnaɛ
Korean 스피어민트
ku nane
Cornish menta wuwdhel
Lithuanian Šaltmėtė
Lithuanian menthe verte
Macedonian зелено нане
Macedonian кадраво нане
mwl huortelana
Norwegian Bokmål grønnmynte
Dutch kruizemunt
Dutch aarmunt
Dutch groene munt
Dutch spearmint
Polish mięta kłosowa
Polish mięta zielona
Portuguese hortelã
Portuguese hortelã-comum
Portuguese hortelã-das-cozinhas
Portuguese hortelã-das-hortas
Portuguese hortelã-de-leite
Portuguese hortelã-dos-temperos
Portuguese hortelã-verde
Portuguese hortelã-vulgar
Portuguese hortelã-pimenta
Quechua ispiha muña
Russian Мята имбирная.
Russian Мята колосистая
Russian Мята кучерявая
Russian Мята садовая
sco spearimint
se ruonáminta
Slovak mäta klasnatá
Slovenian klasasta meta
Slovenian zelena meta
Swedish grönmynta
Swedish hjärtmynta
Swedish krusmynta
Swedish menthe verte
Telugu పుదీనా
Telugu పుదీనా ఆకు
Thai สเปียร์มินต์
Turkish kıvırcık nane
Turkish mızraklı nane
Ukrainian Кучерява м'ята
Ukrainian М'ята колосовидна
Ukrainian М'ята кучерява
Chinese 鱼香草
Chinese 土薄荷
Chinese 波叶薄荷
Chinese 留兰香
Chinese 留兰香（绿薄荷）
Chinese 留蘭香
Chinese 皱叶留兰香
Chinese 綠薄荷
Chinese 绿薄荷
Chinese 荷蘭薄荷
Chinese 青薄荷
Chinese 香花菜
Chinese 香薄荷
Chinese 鱼香菜
Chinese 假薄荷
Chinese 狗肉香
Chinese 狗肉香菜
Chinese 血香菜
Chinese 鱼香

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Mentha spicata subsp. condensata (Briq.) Greuter & Burdet Willdenowia 14: 301 (1984 publ. 1985)
Mentha spicata subsp. spicata Unknown

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • Macaronesia
      • Azores
      • Canary Islands
      • Madeira
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Chad
      • Ethiopia
    • Northern Africa
      • Algeria
      • Egypt
      • Libya
      • Morocco
      • Tunisia
    • Southern Africa
      • Cape Provinces
      • Free State
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Gambia
      • Mauritania
      • Niger
  • Antarctica
    • Subantarctic Islands
      • Falkland Islands
      • Tristan Da Cunha
  • Asia-temperate
    • Caucasus
      • North Caucasus
      • Transcaucasus
    • China
      • China South-central
      • China Southeast
      • Tibet
    • Eastern Asia
      • Japan
    • Middle Asia
      • Turkmenistan
    • Siberia
      • Irkutsk
    • Western Asia
      • Afghanistan
      • Cyprus
      • East Aegean Islands
      • Iran
      • Turkey
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Bangladesh
      • Nepal
      • Pakistan
      • West Himalaya
  • Australasia
    • Australia
      • New South Wales
      • Norfolk Island
      • Tasmania
    • New Zealand
      • New Zealand North
      • New Zealand South
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Central European Russia
      • Krym
      • Northwest European Russia
      • South European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Belgium
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Netherlands
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Denmark
      • Great Britain
      • Ireland
      • Norway
      • Sweden
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Bulgaria
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Kriti
      • Romania
      • Sicilia
      • Turkey-in-Europe
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Baleares
      • Corse
      • France
      • Sardegna
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • New Brunswick
      • Nova Scotia
      • Ontario
      • Prince Edward Island
      • Québec
    • Mexico
      • Mexico Northwest
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Iowa
      • Kansas
      • Minnesota
      • Missouri
      • Nebraska
      • Oklahoma
      • South Dakota
      • Wisconsin
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut
      • Indiana
      • Maine
      • Massachusetts
      • Michigan
      • New Hampshire
      • New Jersey
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
      • Rhode Island
      • Vermont
      • West Virginia
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Colorado
      • Idaho
      • Montana
      • Oregon
      • Washington
      • Wyoming
    • South-central U.S.A.
      • New Mexico
      • Texas
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama
      • Arkansas
      • Delaware
      • District Of Columbia
      • Florida
      • Georgia
      • Kentucky
      • Louisiana
      • Maryland
      • Mississippi
      • North Carolina
      • South Carolina
      • Tennessee
      • Virginia
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • Arizona
      • California
      • Nevada
      • Utah
    • Subarctic America
      • Alaska
    • Western Canada
      • Alberta
      • British Columbia
      • Manitoba
      • Saskatchewan
  • Pacific
    • North-central Pacific
      • Hawaii
    • South-central Pacific
      • Society Islands
  • Southern America
    • Brazil
      • Brazil South
    • Caribbean
      • Bermuda
      • Dominican Republic
    • Northern South America
      • Venezuela
    • Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast
      • Argentina Northwest
      • Argentina South

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000241390
UNII O2H83I4PUN
Florida Plant Atlas 1386
Flora of Alabama 2424
Canadensys 6405
USDA Plants MESP3
Tropicos 17600159
INPN 108166
Flora of Italy 4657
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:451162-1
The Plant List kew-125402
Plantarium 24287
Open Tree Of Life 27827
NCBI Taxonomy 29719
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0000004203
Nature Serve 2.157645
IUCN Red List 164464
IPNI 451162-1
iNaturalist 62652
GBIF 2927175
Freebase /m/06p43
EPPO MENSP
EOL 579697
Elurikkus 5700
Calflora (Californian flora) 10111
USDA GRIN 24082
Wikipedia Spearmint
WisFlora 4232

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Strategies, Achievements, and Potential Challenges of Plant and Microbial Chassis in the Biosynthesis of Plant Secondary Metabolites Han T, Miao G Molecules 02-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11085123
doi:10.3390/molecules29092106
PMID:38731602
Chemical Characterization of the Essential Oil Compositions of Mentha spicata and M. longifolia ssp. cyprica from the Mediterranean Basin and Multivariate Statistical Analyses İsfendiyaroğlu H, Hanoğlu A, Yiğit Hanoğlu D, Alkaş FB, Başer KH, Özkum Yavuz D Molecules 25-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11085233
doi:10.3390/molecules29091970
PMID:38731461
An Effective and Promising Strategy for Plant Protection: Synthesis of L-Carvone-Based Thiazolinone–Hydrazone/Nanochitosan Complexes with Antifungal Activity and Sustained Releasing Performance Li B, Duan W, Lin G, Ma X, Wen R, Zhang Z Int J Mol Sci 23-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11083649
doi:10.3390/ijms25094595
PMID:38731815
Herbal Spices as Food and Medicine: Microscopic Authentication of Commercial Herbal Spices Khan A, Ahmad M, Sultan A, Khan R, Raza J, Ul Abidin SZ, Khan S, Zafar M, Uddin MN, Kazi M Plants (Basel) 10-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11054362
doi:10.3390/plants13081067
PMID:38674476
Rhizopus stolonifer and related control strategies in postharvest fruit: A review Liu Q, Chen Q, Liu H, Du Y, Jiao W, Sun F, Fu M Heliyon 10-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11031825
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29522
Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs)—Toxicity, Safety and Green Synthesis: A Critical Review Niżnik Ł, Noga M, Kobylarz D, Frydrych A, Krośniak A, Kapka-Skrzypczak L, Jurowski K Int J Mol Sci 05-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11012566
doi:10.3390/ijms25074057
PMID:38612865
The complete chloroplast genome of Lagochilus ilicifolius Bunge ex Bentham, Labiat. Gen. 1834 (Lamiaceae) and its phylogenetic analysis Hou WJ, Men WX, Xing YP, Yang YY, Xu L, Kang TG, Song YY Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 02-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC10993758
doi:10.1080/23802359.2024.2334013
PMID:38586511
Immunomodulatory Role of Rosmarinus officinalis L., Mentha x piperita L., and Lavandula angustifolia L. Essential Oils in Sheep Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Ciliberti MG, Albenzio M, Sevi A, Frabboni L, Marino R, Caroprese M Vet Sci 01-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11054635
doi:10.3390/vetsci11040157
PMID:38668424
Biosynthesis Progress of High-Energy-Density Liquid Fuels Derived from Terpenes Liu J, Lin M, Han P, Yao G, Jiang H Microorganisms 30-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11052473
doi:10.3390/microorganisms12040706
PMID:38674649
Impact of Carbon Fixation, Distribution and Storage on the Production of Farnesene and Limonene in Synechocystis PCC 6803 and Synechococcus PCC 7002 Vincent M, Blanc-Garin V, Chenebault C, Cirimele M, Farci S, Garcia-Alles LF, Cassier-Chauvat C, Chauvat F Int J Mol Sci 29-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11012175
doi:10.3390/ijms25073827
PMID:38612633
A Narrative Review of Herbal Remedies for Managing Hirsutism Ghanbarian R, Ranjbai M, Babaeian M, Mazaheri M Int J Prev Med 28-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11074955
doi:10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_62_23
PMID:38715699
Potential of Thuja occidentalis L. Essential Oil and Water Extracts against Field Crop Pests Gospodarek J, Krajewska A, Paśmionka IB, Bruździńska J, Tamiru G Molecules 24-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11013141
doi:10.3390/molecules29071457
PMID:38611736
A comprehensive review of mycotoxins: Toxicology, detection, and effective mitigation approaches Khan R, Anwar F, Ghazali FM Heliyon 23-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11019184
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28361
PMID:38628751
Colour and surface functional properties of wool fabrics coated with gallnut, feijoa skin, and mango seed kernel tannin-stabilised Ag nanoparticles Hassan MM, Gupta T RSC Adv 22-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10958619
doi:10.1039/d4ra00367e
PMID:38525064
The influence of cultivation conditions on the formation of psychoactive salvinorin A, salvinorin B, rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid in Coleus scutellarioides Jakobina M, Łyczko J, Szumny A, Galek R Sci Rep 20-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10954737
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-57399-y
PMID:38509159

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 135 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O 138.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF040083T
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes
Eicosane 8222 Click to see 282.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2003-39704
Nonacosane 12409 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 408.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2003-39704
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters
Phenylethyl 2-methylbutyrate 520148 Click to see 206.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697909
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
9-Hexadecenoic acid 4668 Click to see CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O 254.41 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249628
9-Octadecenoic Acid 965 Click to see 282.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249628
Eicosanoic Acid 10467 Click to see 312.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249628
Heptadecanoic Acid 10465 Click to see 270.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249628
Myristic Acid 11005 Click to see 228.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249628
Oleic Acid 445639 Click to see 282.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249628
Palmitic Acid 985 Click to see 256.42 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1980.10864214
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249628
Palmitoleic Acid 445638 Click to see CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O 254.41 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249628
Pentadecanoic Acid 13849 Click to see 242.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249628
Stearic Acid 5281 Click to see 284.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249628
https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1980.10864214
Tridecanoic acid 12530 Click to see 214.34 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249628
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids
Capric Acid 2969 Click to see CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O 172.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249628
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960356
Lauric Acid 3893 Click to see 200.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249628
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
(1R)-1-Ethenylhexyl 6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside 10788355 Click to see 422.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01112-6
(1R)-1-Ethenylhexyl beta-D-glucopyranoside 97301592 Click to see CCCCCC(C=C)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O 290.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01112-6
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-((Z)-hex-3-enoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 5318045 Click to see 262.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01112-6
1-Octen-3-yl primeveroside 24094121 Click to see 422.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01112-6
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
3-Octanol 11527 Click to see 130.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2003-39704
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
9,12-Octadecadienoic Acid 3931 Click to see 280.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249628
9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid 860 Click to see CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O 278.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249628
Linoleic Acid 5280450 Click to see CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O 280.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249628
Linolenic Acid 5280934 Click to see 278.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249628
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
Geraniol 637566 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCO)C)C 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697909
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83738-3
Linalool 6549 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83738-3
Myrcene 31253 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85103-M
Nerol 643820 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCO)C)C 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83738-3
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
Carvacrol 10364 Click to see CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(C)C)O 150.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2650040606
Thymol 6989 Click to see 150.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697909
https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2650040606
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(+-)-alpha-Pinene 6654 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2650040606
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85103-M
(+-)-Myrtenol 10582 Click to see 152.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697909
(1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl)acetic acid 20327362 Click to see 196.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697909
3-Carene 26049 Click to see CC1=CCC2C(C1)C2(C)C 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2650040606
Beta-Pinene 14896 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85103-M
Borneol 64685 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2003-39704
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697909
Myrtenal 61130 Click to see 150.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697909
Pinocarvone 121719 Click to see CC1(C2CC1C(=C)C(=O)C2)C 150.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2650040606
Sabinene 18818 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9708296
Umbellulone 91195 Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2(C1C2)C(C)C 150.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960356
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
(-)-cis-Carveol 330573 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1O)C(=C)C 152.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9708296
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85103-M
(-)-trans-Carveol 94221 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1O)C(=C)C 152.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85103-M
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1056021/
(+-)-Piperitone 6987 Click to see 152.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2003-39704
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.07.023
https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2650040606
(+)-Menthone 443159 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2650040606
(2R,3R,6R)-2-chloro-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-6-propan-2-ylcyclohexan-1-one 102464032 Click to see 204.69 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00490-3
1,6-Dihydrocarvone 24473 Click to see 152.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85103-M
2-Chloro-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-6-propan-2-ylcyclohexan-1-one 14140619 Click to see 204.69 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00490-3
2-Methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexanol 12072 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9708296
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85103-M
alpha-PHELLANDRENE 7460 Click to see CC1=CCC(C=C1)C(C)C 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960356
Alpha-Terpineol 17100 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83738-3
Carveol 7438 Click to see 152.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85103-M
Carvone, (-)- 439570 Click to see 150.22 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1056021/
https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.7.710
Carvone, (+-)- 7439 Click to see 150.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9708296
https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730010303
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85103-M
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9700516
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83738-3
Carvone, (+)- 16724 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1=O)C(=C)C 150.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730010303
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85103-M
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9700516
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83738-3
Limonene, (-)- 439250 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1056021/
https://doi.org/10.1039/C39920001556
Limonene, (+/-)- 22311 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.7.710
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85103-M
p-Menth-4(8)-en-3-one 6988 Click to see CC1CCC(=C(C)C)C(=O)C1 152.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.07.023
p-Menthan-3-one 6986 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2650040606
Piperitenone 381152 Click to see 150.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85103-M
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.07.023
https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730030105
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(1R,4S,4aR)-1,6-dimethyl-4-propan-2-yl-3,4,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalen-1-ol 5315592 Click to see 222.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960356
alpha-Ylangene 101607926 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960356
beta-Cubebene 93081 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960356
beta-Farnesene, (6Z)- 5317319 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=C)C=C)C)C 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960356
Caryophyllene 5281515 Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C2CC(C2CC1)(C)C 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2000.9712056
https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2650040606
Farnesol 445070 Click to see 222.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960356
Humulene 5281520 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2003-39704
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Bicyclogermacrane and isolepidozane sesquiterpenoids
(1S,2E,10R)-3,7,11,11-tetramethylbicyclo[8.1.0]undeca-2,6-diene 44583886 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2000.9712056
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Germacrane sesquiterpenoids
(S,1Z,6Z)-8-Isopropyl-1-methyl-5-methylenecyclodeca-1,6-diene 91723653 Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C=CC(CC1)C(C)C 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9708296
Germacrene D 5317570 Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C=CC(CC1)C(C)C 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730030105
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2000.9712056
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides
(-)-trans-Carveol glucoside 10710378 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)C(=C)C 314.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01112-6
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1R,5R)-2-methyl-5-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 10567249 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)C(=C)C 314.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01112-6
2-Methyl-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1-yl hexopyranoside 14239306 Click to see 314.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01112-6
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(1S,2R,4aS,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid 40469801 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1980.10864214
(4aS,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aS,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 25728252 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1980.10864214
3-Hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 619166 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1980.10864214
Squalene 638072 Click to see 410.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1980.10864214
Super Squalene; trans-Squalene;AddaVax 1105 Click to see 410.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1980.10864214
Urs-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-hydroxy-, (3beta)- 220774 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1980.10864214
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol 222284 Click to see 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1980.10864214
[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-[[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl 3-methylbutanoate 163021925 Click to see 787.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00490-3
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[[(3S,8R,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13,14-trimethyl-1,2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 3-methylbutanoate 102464033 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2(C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)COC(=O)CC(C)C)O)O)O)C)C)C)C(C)C 675.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00490-3
[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-[[(3S,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl 3-methylbutanoate 163021923 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)COC(=O)CC(C)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)C)C)C(C)C 787.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00490-3
[3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-[[17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl 3-methylbutanoate 73157183 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)COC(=O)CC(C)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)C)C)C(C)C 787.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00490-3
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 122544 Click to see 412.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1980.10864214
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 86821 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1980.10864214
Stigmasterol 5280794 Click to see 412.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1980.10864214
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-phenylmethoxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 4984739 Click to see 270.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01112-6
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzodiazepines / 1,4-benzodiazepines
Diazepam 3016 Click to see 284.74 unknown https://doi.org/10.1006/BBRC.2000.2283
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxepanes
(1R,3R,6S)-6-methyl-3-propan-2-yl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-one 154497226 Click to see 168.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01596A062
7-Oxabicyclo4.1.0heptan-2-one, 6-methyl-3-(1-methylethylidene)- 61942 Click to see 166.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2000.9712151
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2000.9712056
Piperitone oxide 92998 Click to see 168.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2650040606
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2000.9712056
Rotundifolone 442497 Click to see CC(=C1CCC2(C(C1=O)O2)C)C 166.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2000.9712151
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2000.9712056
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(01)00279-9
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]propanoic acid 5099 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1CC(C(=O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O 360.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01112-6
Rosmarinic Acid 5281792 Click to see 360.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01112-6
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
4-Coumaric acid 322 Click to see 164.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF040083T
Caffeic Acid 689043 Click to see 180.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF040083T
P-Coumaric Acid 637542 Click to see 164.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF040083T
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones
Eriodictyol 440735 Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O 288.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF040083T
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Hypolaetin 5281648 Click to see 302.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00062-3
Luteolin 5280445 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O 286.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(01)00279-9
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides
Isoorientin 114776 Click to see 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00062-3
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6,8-bis[(2S,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one 44257674 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C(=C3O2)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)C5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O 594.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00062-3
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
2-[3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl]-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one 163103342 Click to see 594.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00062-3
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6R)-4,5-diacetyloxy-2-methyl-6-[[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-[[(2S)-5-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-7-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxan-3-yl] acetate 162843507 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=CC(=C4C(=O)CC(OC4=C3)C5=CC=C(C=C5)OC)O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C 846.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00490-3
5-Hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 5353588 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=CC(=C4C(=C3)OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)OC)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 608.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90052-9
5-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 162969732 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=CC(=C4C(=C3)OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)OC)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 592.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00490-3
7-O-B-D-Glucopyranoside 5378562 Click to see 462.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90052-9
Diosmetin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside 11016019 Click to see 462.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90052-9
Diosmin 5281613 Click to see 608.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90052-9
Luteolin 7-O-glucoside 5280637 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00062-3
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 4-O-methylated flavonoids
Acacetin 5280442 Click to see 284.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01042-X
Diosmetin 5281612 Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O 300.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01042-X
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90052-9
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
5-Hydroxy-6,7,3',4'-Tetramethoxyflavone 152430 Click to see 358.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-01-9281
5,6,4'-Trihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxyflavone 10359254 Click to see 330.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00672-4
Cirsilineol 162464 Click to see 344.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00672-4
Isothymonin 11726019 Click to see 360.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-01-9281
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 8-O-methylated flavonoids
4',5-Dihydroxy-3',6,7,8-tetramethoxyflavone 181092 Click to see 374.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00672-4
5-Demethylnobiletin 358832 Click to see 388.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01112-6
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00672-4
Pebrellin 632255 Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C(=C3O2)OC)OC)O)O)OC 374.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01112-6
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00672-4
Sideritoflavone 155493 Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C=C(O2)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)OC)OC 360.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01112-6
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00672-4
Thymonin 442662 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C(=C3O2)OC)OC)O)O)O 360.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01112-6
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01042-X
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00672-4
Thymusin 628895 Click to see 330.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00672-4

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