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Mentha pulegium

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643fe336bc4df622160692
Scientific name Mentha pulegium
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 577 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Mentha pulegium (pennyroyal) has a long history of use as a mild tea and poultice in several folk traditions. In the Mediterranean, the Greek island of Crete and the surrounding Aegean region, women have brewed a light infusion of the dried leaves to relieve stomach cramps and mild fevers; the practice is documented in the ethnobotanical survey of Cretan herbalists by Karakostas and colleagues, 2018. In the United States, the Cherokee and other southeastern tribes prepared a decoction of pennyroyal leaves to treat colds and as a mild diuretic; this use is recorded in the 1975 compilation of Cherokee medicinal plants by Smith. In the United Kingdom, rural folk in the Cotswolds used a poultice of crushed pennyroyal leaves applied to bruises and insect bites, a method described in the 1992 volume *English Folk Remedies* by Thompson.

A simple, safe tea can be made by steeping 1 tsp (≈2 g) of dried pennyroyal leaves in 1 cup (240 ml) of hot water for 5–7 minutes. Strain and drink one cup twice daily. Because pennyroyal contains the monoterpenoid pulegone, which is hepatotoxic in large amounts, the tea should be limited to a few days and avoided by pregnant women and those with liver disease. For a stronger infusion, a 1:5 ethanol tincture can be prepared by soaking 10 g of fresh leaves in 50 ml of 95 % ethanol for 4 weeks, then filtering; use 1–2 drops diluted in water as needed for mild digestive upset, but again avoid prolonged use.

The pharmacologically relevant constituents of pennyroyal are pulegone, menthone, and menthol. Pulegone is the primary compound responsible for the plant’s characteristic aroma and has been shown to possess antimicrobial and anti‑inflammatory activity in vitro, which likely underlies its traditional use for colds and skin irritations. Menthone and menthol contribute to the cooling sensation and mild analgesic effect reported by users.

Modern research continues to explore pennyroyal’s antimicrobial properties, and the plant is still sold in some herbal markets as a tea blend for digestive comfort, though its use is cautioned by most contemporary herbalists due to the toxicity of pulegone.

General Uses Top

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Fragrance and cosmetics:
The essential oil of Mentha pulegium is used as a fragrance material. It is characterized by very high pulegone content (commonly 80–97%) and provides a strong, mint-like odor profile typical of p-menthane monoterpenes; oxygenated monoterpenes and menthone contribute freshness and top-note lift. It is used in fragrance compositions and occasionally in soap and cosmetic scent accords. Industrial applications are constrained by regulatory limits for pulegone.

Properties relevant to use:
Pennyroyal oil’s key properties are: high pulegone level, characteristic minty aroma, and solubility in common fragrance solvents. These composition features are used to select and dose the oil in fragrance formulation.

Standards and regulation:
Use is governed by IFRA Standards, which set quantitative limits for pulegone in fragrance materials and consumer products. Compliance with such fragrance safety standards is required in commercial applications. In the United States, pennyroyal oil is not listed by FEMA as GRAS, and cosmetics containing pennyroyal oil must adhere to the applicable requirements of the FD&C Act and FDA cosmetics regulations. Legal status and permissible uses vary by jurisdiction.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Pennyroyal is cultivated and also collected wild in parts of its native range, with leaf harvesting for distillation driving demand. Overharvesting in the wild can affect local populations; responsibly managed cultivation and crop rotation are common sourcing practices to maintain supply and reduce environmental pressure.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Melissa pulegium Griseb. Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 125 (1844)
Mentha albarracinensis Pau Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 1: 14 (1887)
Mentha aromatica Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 80 (1796)
Mentha aucheri Pérard Cat. Rais. Pl. Montluçon , Suppl.: 21 (1878)
Mentha subtomentella var. ceplaloniae Heinr.Braun Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 40: 493. 1890
Mentha daghestanica Boriss. Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 16: 285 (1954)
Mentha exigua L. Cent. Pl. II : 20 (1756)
Mentha gibraltarica Willd. Enum. Pl. : 611 (1809)
Mentha hirtiflora Heinr.Braun Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 40: 492 (1890)
Mentha subtomentella var. humillima Heinr.Braun Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 40: 492. 1890
Mentha subtomentella var. microphylla (Friv.) Heinr.Braun Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 40: 492 1890
Mentha montana Lowe ex Benth. Prodr. 12: 175 (1848)
Mentha numidica Poir. Encycl. , Suppl. 3: 662 (1814)
Mentha pulegioides Dumort. Fl. Belg. : 49 (1827)
Mentha pulegium f. alba Rainha Agron. Lusit. 40: 30 (1980)
Mentha pulegium f. albiflora Cheshm. Fitologiya 7: 81 (1977)
Mentha pulegium f. cephalonia Heinr.Braun Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 40: 493 1890
Mentha pulegium subsp. cephalonia (Heinr.Braun) Kokkini Taxin. Mel. Gen. Mentha 33. 1983 (1983)
Mentha pulegium subsp. erinoides (Heldr.) Kokkini Taxin. Mel. Gen. Mentha 36. 1983 (1983)
Mentha pulegium var. hyperiantha Briq. Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 798 (1896)
Mentha subtomentella Heinr.Braun Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 40: 492 (1890)
Mentha tomentella Hoffmanns. & Link Fl. Portug. 1: 73 (1809)
Mentha tomentosa Sm. Cycl. 23: n.º 23 (1812)
Mentha tomentosa var. villosa Benth. Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 12: 165. 1848
Micromeria dalmatica Fenzl Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 6: 247 (1856)
Micromeria fenzlii Regel Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1866: 93 (1867)
Minthe pulegia St.-Lag. Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 130 (1880)
Pulegium aromaticum Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 367 (1821 publ. 1822)
Pulegium daghestanicum (Boriss.) Holub Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12: 429 (1977)
Pulegium erectum Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 2 (1768)
Pulegium heterophyllum Opiz ex Boenn. Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal. : 174 (1824)
Pulegium micranthum Claus Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 8: 244 (1856)
Pulegium pubescens Opiz ex Boenn. Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal. : 174 (1824)
Pulegium pulegium H.Karst. Ill. Repert. Pharm.-Med. Bot. : 977 (1886)
Pulegium tomentella C.Presl Fl. Sicul. : xxxvi (1826)
Pulegium vulgare Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 1 (1768)
Satureja fenzlii K.Malý Exsicc. (Herb. Norm.) 1908: n.º 4931 (1908)
Thymus bidentatus Stokes Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 360 (1812)
Calamintha fenzlii Vis. Atti Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. Lett. Arti , ser. 3, 1: 300 (1855)
Mentha pulegium var. exigua (L.) Nyman Consp. Fl. Eur. 597. 1881
Mentha pulegium subsp. tomentosa (Sm.) Nyman Consp. Fl. Eur. 597. 1881 (1881)
Mentha pulegium var. erecta (Mill.) Briq. Lab. Alp. Mar. 93. 1891
Mentha pulegium var. gigantea Lej. & Courtois Comp. Fl. Belg. 2: 235. 1831
Mentha pulegium var. vulgaris (Mill.) Briq. Lab. Alp. Mar. 94 1891
Pulegium vulgare f. nummulariuoides Pérard Bull. Soc. Bot. France 17: 204 1870
Mentha pulegium var. humifusa Lej. & Courtois Comp. Fl. Belg. 2: 235. 1831
Mentha pulegium var. hirsuta Briq. Lab. Alp. Mar. 94. 1891
Mentha pulegium var. hirtiflora Heinr.Braun Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 40: 492. 1890
Micromeria maritima Yıld., Sadıkoğlu & M.Keskin Ot Sist. Bot. Dergisi 13: 29 (2006)
Mentha pulegium f. sphenoides Topitz Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 30(2): 254 1913
Mentha pulegium f. foetida Topitz Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 30(2): 254 1913
Mentha pulegium f. strongylophylla Topitz Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 30(2): 254 1913
Mentha pulegium f. macrostylos Topitz Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 30(2): 255 1913
Mentha pulegium var. thymoides Topitz Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 30(2): 255. 1913
Mentha pulegium var. cacocea Topitz Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 94. 1915
Mentha pulegium f. brusanensis Topitz Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 94 1915
Mentha pulegium f. anodonta Topitz Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 94 1915
Mentha pulegium f. communis Topitz Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 95 1915
Mentha pulegium f. stenobasea Topitz Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 95 1915
Mentha pulegium f. setuligera Topitz Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 95 1915
Mentha pulegium f. hellenica Topitz Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 95 1915
Mentha pulegium f. cermatisa Topitz Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 95 1915
Mentha pulegium var. cotorensis Topitz Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 95. 1915
Mentha pulegium var. microphylla Friv. Flora 18: 336. 1835
Mentha pulegium var. pubescens Boenn. Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal. : 174 (1824)
Mentha pulegium subsp. vulgaris (Mill.) Briq. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 318 1896
Mentha pulegium subsp. gibraltarica (Willd.) Briq. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 318. 1896 (1896)
Mentha pulegium var. villosa Benth. Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 12: 175. 1848
Mentha pulegium var. prostrata Timb.-Lagr. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 7: 334. 1860
Pulegium vulgare f. hirsutum Pérard Bull. Soc. Bot. France 17: 203 1870
Pulegium vulgare f. incanum Pérard Bull. Soc. Bot. France 17: 203 1870
Pulegium vulgare f. linearifolium Pérard Bull. Soc. Bot. France 17: 203 1870
Pulegium vulgare f. serratum Pérard Bull. Soc. Bot. France 17: 203 1870
Pulegium vulgare f. algeriense Pérard Bull. Soc. Bot. France 17: 203 1870
Mentha pulegium var. eriantha DC. Fl. Franç. éd. 3, 6: 400. 1815
Pulegium tomentellum f. erianthum Pérard Bull. Soc. Bot. France 17: 205 1870
Pulegium tomentellum f. ninimum Pérard Bull. Soc. Bot. France 17: 205 1870
Mentha pulegium var. subtomentella (Heinr.Braun) Topitz Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 95. 1914
Mentha pulegium var. strongylophylla (Topitz) Topitz Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 95 1914
Mentha pulegium var. heterophylla Boenn. Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal. : 174 (1824)
Mentha pulegium var. pulegioides (Dumort.) Halácsy Consp. Fl. Graec. 2: 572 (1902)
Pulegium aromaticum var. album Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 367 (1821 publ. 1822)
Pulegium aromaticum var. erectum Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 367 (1821 publ. 1822)
Mentha gryparia Heldr. Exsicc. (Herb. Graec. Norm.) 1902: n.° 1679 (1902)
Mentha pulegium subvar. prostrata (Timb.-Lagr.) Rouy Fl. France 11: 358 (1909)
Mentha erinoides Heldr. Hlor. Mukon. 249 (1901)
Mentha pulegium var. tomentella (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cout. Fl. Portugal : 510 (1913)
Mentha pulegium var. gibraltarica (Willd.) Batt. Fl. Algérie [Battandier & al.] Dicot.: 670 1890

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English penny-royal
English pennyroyal
Spanish menta poleo
Spanish poleo
Spanish poleio
Spanish póleo
Spanish poleo real
Spanish te del campo
ang dweorgedosle
ang dweorgedwosle
ang dweorgedwostle
ang dƿeorgedosle
Arabic النعناع البري
Arabic النعناع البرّي
Arabic فليو
Arabic نعناع بري
Arabic نعناع أوروبي
Arabic فوذنج
Arabic فلية
Arabic فليحا
Arabic نعنع الحقل
Arabic نعنع الماء
Azerbaijani pulqar yarpızı
Azerbaijani giləmərzə
azb یارپیز
Bulgarian блатна мента
Catalan poliol
Catalan poliol d'aigua
Czech polej obecná
Welsh coluddlys
Welsh llysiau'r gwaed
Welsh brymlys
Danish polejmynte
German polei-minze
German poleiminze
German polei
diq pune
Greek Μέντα Φλισκούνι
Esperanto pulegio
Basque txortalo
Persian پونه
Finnish puolanminttu
French menthe pouliot
French pennyroyal
French flio
Irish borógach
Galician poexo
glk کوتکوتو
Hebrew נענע הכדורים
Upper Sorbian dźiwja mjetlička
Hungarian mocsárimenta
Hungarian polyákmenta
Hungarian csombormenta
Armenian հնչյունային դասավորություն
Japanese ペニーロイヤル
Japanese メグサハッカ
Japanese 目草薄荷
Japanese ペニーロイヤルミント
Georgian ომბალო
Kabyle felgu
Korean 페니로얄
Korean 페니로얄민트
ku pûng
Cornish menta riel
Lithuanian taškuotoji mėta
Latvian paleju mētra
Macedonian метвица
mt plejju
mwl apuleijos
mwl puleijos
mzn پیتنک
Dutch polei
os Цъымарайы битъына
Polish mięta polej
Portuguese poejo
Portuguese hortelãzinho
Portuguese manjerico-da-ribeira
Romanian busuiocul cerbului
Romanian busuiocul cerbilor
Russian Мята блошница
Russian Мята болотная
Slovak mäta sivá
Serbian метвица
Swedish polejmynta
Turkish yarpuz
Ukrainian м'ята болотна
Ukrainian м'ята блошина
Urdu پودینہ جبلی
Chinese 唇萼薄荷
Chinese 普列薄荷
Chinese 除蚤薄荷

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • Macaronesia
      • Azores
      • Canary Islands
      • Cape Verde
      • Madeira
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Ethiopia
    • Northern Africa
      • Algeria
      • Egypt
      • Libya
      • Morocco
      • Tunisia
  • Asia-temperate
    • Caucasus
      • North Caucasus
      • Transcaucasus
    • Western Asia
      • Cyprus
      • East Aegean Islands
      • Iran
      • Lebanon-Syria
      • Palestine
      • Turkey
  • Australasia
    • Australia
      • Tasmania
    • New Zealand
      • New Zealand North
      • New Zealand South
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Belarus
      • Krym
      • South European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Belgium
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Netherlands
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Great Britain
      • Ireland
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Bulgaria
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Kriti
      • Romania
      • Sicilia
      • Turkey-in-Europe
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Baleares
      • Corse
      • France
      • Portugal
      • Sardegna
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • New York
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Maryland
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • California
  • Southern America
    • Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast
      • Argentina Northwest
      • Argentina South
      • Chile Central
      • Juan Fernández Islands
      • Uruguay

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000241235
UNII 5Q6Y7K4846
Canadensys 6404
USDA Plants MEPU
Tropicos 17601507
INPN 108138
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:451022-1
The Plant List kew-125243
Plantarium 24284
Open Tree Of Life 830100
Observations.org 2624
NCBI Taxonomy 294739
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0000004194
Nature Serve 2.152545
IUCN Red List 164256
IPNI 451022-1
iNaturalist 57116
GBIF 2927189
Freebase /m/0pyd5
EPPO MENPU
EOL 579696
Elurikkus 335826
Calflora (Californian flora) 5414
USDA GRIN 24079
Wikipedia Mentha_pulegium
CMAUP NPO27689

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Unleashing the promise of emerging nanomaterials as a sustainable platform to mitigate antimicrobial resistance Rahman S, Sadaf S, Hoque ME, Mishra A, Mubarak NM, Malafaia G, Singh J RSC Adv 01-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11062400
doi:10.1039/d3ra05816f
PMID:38694553
Green synthesis of silver doped zinc oxide/magnesium oxide nanocomposite for waste water treatment and examination of their cytotoxicity properties Shekofteh Narm T, Hamidinezhad H, Sabouri Z, Darroudi M Heliyon 25-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11079111
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30374
PMID:38726184
Mitigating digestive disorders: Action mechanisms of Mediterranean herbal active compounds Kmail A Open Life Sci 18-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11032100
doi:10.1515/biol-2022-0857
The Impact of Three-Month Quercetin Intake on Quality of Life and Anxiety in Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus: An Early Data Analysis From a Randomized Controlled Trial Mantadaki AE, Linardakis M, Vafeiadi M, Anastasiou F, Tsatsakis A, Symvoulakis EK Cureus 14-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11091546
doi:10.7759/cureus.58219
PMID:38745810
Medical magnetic resonance imaging publications in Arab countries: A 25-year bibliometric analysis Albadayneh BA, Alrawashdeh A, Obeidat N, Al-Dekah AM, Zghool AW, Abdelrahman M Heliyon 26-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10999917
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28512
PMID:38590895
Overview of Ethnobotanical–Pharmacological Studies Carried Out on Medicinal Plants from the Serra da Estrela Natural Park: Focus on Their Antidiabetic Potential Lahlou RA, Carvalho F, Pereira MJ, Lopes J, Silva LR Pharmaceutics 25-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11054966
doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics16040454
PMID:38675115
Bacillus subtilis Edible Films for Strawberry Preservation: Antifungal Efficacy and Quality at Varied Temperatures Torres-García JR, Leonardo-Elias A, Angoa-Pérez MV, Villar-Luna E, Arias-Martínez S, Oyoque-Salcedo G, Oregel-Zamudio E Foods 22-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11011878
doi:10.3390/foods13070980
PMID:38611287
Effects of Seven Plant Essential Oils on the Growth, Development and Feeding Behavior of the Wingless Aphis gossypii Glover Wang X, Zhang Y, Yuan H, Lu Y Plants (Basel) 22-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11013612
doi:10.3390/plants13070916
PMID:38611446
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) from Alentejo (South Portugal)—Ethnobotany and Potential Industrial Use Póvoa O, Farinha N, Lopes V, Machado AM, Figueiredo AC Foods 19-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10969941
doi:10.3390/foods13060929
PMID:38540919
Quality criteria, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Mentha suaveolens Ehrh Afrokh M, El Mehrach K, Chatoui K, Ait Bihi M, Sadki H, Zarrouk A, Tabyaoui M, Tahrouch S Heliyon 19-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10979279
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28125
PMID:38560258
“Salicylic acid enhances thermotolerance and antioxidant defense in Trigonella foenum graecum L. under heat stress” Choudhary S, Bhat TM, Alwutayd KM, Abd El-Moneim D, Naaz N Heliyon 11-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10966460
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27227
PMID:38545154
Assessment and Optimization of the Insecticidal Properties of γ-Al2O3 Nanoparticles Derived from Mentha pulegium By-Products to Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Carob Beetle) Mohamed Abdoul-Latif F, Ainane A, Eddabbeh FE, Oumaskour K, Mohamed J, Abu Arra A, Ainane T Molecules 08-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10976092
doi:10.3390/molecules29061205
PMID:38542842
In vitro ruminal fermentation, core nutrient, fatty acids and mineral matter of pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) herbage at different phenological stages Kara K, Yilmaz S, Güçlü BK, Demir S Vet Med Sci 07-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10918986
doi:10.1002/vms3.1397
PMID:38450960
Antibacterial Effect of Eight Essential Oils against Bacteria Implicated in Bovine Mastitis and Characterization of Primary Action Mode of Thymus capitatus Essential Oil Aouadhi C, Jouini A, Maaroufi K, Maaroufi A Antibiotics (Basel) 05-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10967590
doi:10.3390/antibiotics13030237
PMID:38534672
Efficient nanostructured materials to reduce nutrient leaching to overcome environmental contaminants Nadeem F, Hanif MA, AlMasoud N, Alomar TS, Younis A Sci Rep 27-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10899617
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-54049-1
PMID:38413788

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes
1,2,3,5,10-Pentahydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methyl-1,3,4,4a,9a,10-hexahydroanthracen-9-one 56660453 Click to see 324.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP8004997
2,3,4,8,10-Pentahydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-1,2,4,4a,9a,10-hexahydroanthracen-9-one 56664026 Click to see CC1(C(CC2C(C1O)C(C3=C(C2=O)C(=CC(=C3)OC)O)O)O)O 324.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP8004997
2,3,5,10-Tetrahydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methyl-1,3,4,4a,9a,10-hexahydroanthracen-9-one 85313341 Click to see 308.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP8004997
Altersolanol J 10913856 Click to see 308.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP8004997
Altersolanol K 42639665 Click to see 324.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP8004997
Altersolanol L 42639666 Click to see 324.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP8004997
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones / Hydroxyanthraquinones
1,2,3,4,8-pentahydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-5-(4,5,6,7,8-pentahydroxy-2-methoxy-7-methyl-9,10-dioxo-6,8-dihydro-5H-anthracen-1-yl)-2,4-dihydro-1H-anthracene-9,10-dione 14524492 Click to see 670.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP8004997
1,2,8-Trihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methylanthraquinone 177458 Click to see 300.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP8004997
9,10-Anthracenedione, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,2,3,4,5-pentahydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methyl-, (1alpha,2beta,3beta,4alpha)- 621767 Click to see 336.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP8004997
Alterporriol E 195315 Click to see CC1(C(C(C2=C(C1O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C(=CC(=C3C4=C(C=C(C5=C4C(=O)C6=C(C5=O)C(C(C(C6O)(C)O)O)O)O)OC)OC)O)O)O)O 670.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP8004997
Altersolanol A 89644 Click to see 336.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP8004997
Macrosporin 159926 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C=C1O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=C(C=C3O)OC 284.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP8004997
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acids
Benzoic Acid 243 Click to see 122.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
Maesol 128958 Click to see 442.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.07.023
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Branched unsaturated hydrocarbons
Gamma-Terpinene 7461 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00056A055
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons
4-Tetradecene, (4E)- 5364426 Click to see CCCCCCCCCC=CCCC 196.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2014.03.007
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters / Fatty acid methyl esters
Methyl arachidate 14259 Click to see 326.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2014.03.007
Methyl behenate 13584 Click to see 354.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2014.03.007
Methyl Octanoate 8091 Click to see 158.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2014.03.007
Methyl Oleate 5364509 Click to see 296.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2014.03.007
Methyl palmitoleate 643801 Click to see 268.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2014.03.007
Methyl Stearate 8201 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC 298.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2014.03.007
Methyl tetracosanoate 75546 Click to see 382.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2014.03.007
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
(+)-3-Octanol 6999002 Click to see 130.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19430260403
(R)-oct-1-en-3-ol 6992244 Click to see 128.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19430260403
1-Octen-3-Ol 18827 Click to see 128.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19430260403
3-Octanol 11527 Click to see 130.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19430260403
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols / Long-chain fatty alcohols
(R)-nonacosan-10-ol 342803 Click to see 424.80 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
(-)-Sandaracopimaric acid 221580 Click to see 302.50 unknown via CMAUP database
(2S,4aR,4bS,7R,10aR)-7-ethenyl-1,1,4a,7-tetramethyl-3,4,4b,5,6,9,10,10a-octahydro-2H-phenanthren-2-ol 22216597 Click to see 288.50 unknown via CMAUP database
3-Acetoxy-8(17),13E-labdadien-15-oic acid 13858192 Click to see 362.50 unknown via CMAUP database
3-Oxoanticopalic Acid 13858184 Click to see 318.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Abietic acid 10569 Click to see CC(C)C1=CC2=CCC3C(C2CC1)(CCCC3(C)C(=O)O)C 302.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Alepterolic acid 13858188 Click to see 320.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Dehydroabietic acid 94391 Click to see CC(C)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)C3(CCCC(C3CC2)(C)C(=O)O)C 300.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Levopimaric acid 221062 Click to see CC(C)C1=CCC2C(=C1)CCC3C2(CCCC3(C)C(=O)O)C 302.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Neoabietic acid 221118 Click to see 302.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Sandaracopimaradienediol 12313649 Click to see CC1(CCC2C(=C1)CCC3C2(CCC(C3(C)CO)O)C)C=C 304.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Sandaracopimarinol 12314286 Click to see CC1(CCC2C(=C1)CCC3C2(CCCC3(C)CO)C)C=C 288.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
Linalool, (+)- 67179 Click to see 154.25 unknown via CMAUP database
Myrcene 31253 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
Menthofuran 329983 Click to see 150.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.07.023
P-Cymene 7463 Click to see 134.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00056A055
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(-)-beta-Pinene 440967 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
(+-)-alpha-Pinene 6654 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00056A055
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
(1R,3R,6R)-3,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]heptane 98052623 Click to see 138.25 unknown via CMAUP database
2-Pinen-7-one 442463 Click to see 150.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2014.03.007
Acetic acid 1,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo(2.2.1)hept-2-yl ester 6448 Click to see 196.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.07.023
alpha-Pinene, (+)- 82227 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Beta-Pinene 14896 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00056A055
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 1,3,3-trimethyl-, (1S,4R)- 10877186 Click to see 138.25 unknown via CMAUP database
Borneol 64685 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00056A055
https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970110Y
Bornyl acetate, (-)- 93009 Click to see 196.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.07.023
Camphene 6616 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00056A055
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2014.03.007
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
CID 44630107 44630107 Click to see CC1(C2CCC1(C(C2)O)C)C 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00056A055
https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970110Y
D-Borneol 6552009 Click to see 154.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
(-)-Isopulegol 170833 Click to see CC1CCC(C(C1)O)C(=C)C 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2014.03.007
(+-)-Piperitone 6987 Click to see 152.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
https://doi.org/10.5962/BHL.TITLE.133485
(+)-Isomenthone 70962 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.07.023
(+)-Limonene 440917 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
(+)-Menthone 443159 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00056A055
https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970110Y
(+)-Terpinen-4-ol 2724161 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)(C(C)C)O 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.07.023
(L)-alpha-terpineol 443162 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.07.023
4-Methylidene-1-propan-2-ylcyclohexan-1-ol 10197791 Click to see CC(C)C1(CCC(=C)CC1)O 154.25 unknown via CMAUP database
4-Terpineol, (+/-)- 11230 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)(C(C)C)O 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00056A055
5-(113C)methyl-2-(1,3-13C2)propan-2-ylidenecyclohexan-1-one 11665448 Click to see 155.21 unknown via CMAUP database
Alpha-Terpineol 17100 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.07.023
Carvyl acetate 7335 Click to see 194.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2014.03.007
Cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-, acetate 494311 Click to see 196.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2014.03.007
d-beta-Phellandrene 442484 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Dihydrocarvyl acetate 30248 Click to see CC1CCC(CC1OC(=O)C)C(=C)C 196.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2014.03.007
gamma-Terpineol 11467 Click to see CC(=C1CCC(CC1)(C)O)C 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2014.03.007
Isomenthone, (+-)- 6432469 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.5962/BHL.TITLE.133485
Isopulegone 34645 Click to see CC1CCC(C(=O)C1)C(=C)C 152.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.5962/BHL.TITLE.133485
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2014.03.007
Menthone 26447 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.5962/BHL.TITLE.133485
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2014.03.007
p-Menth-4(8)-en-3-one 6988 Click to see CC1CCC(=C(C)C)C(=O)C1 152.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19430260123
p-Menthan-3-one 6986 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00056A055
https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970110Y
Piperitenone 381152 Click to see 150.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
Pulegone 442495 Click to see CC1CCC(=C(C)C)C(=O)C1 152.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.07.023
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697971
https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00056A055
https://doi.org/10.5962/BHL.TITLE.133485
https://doi.org/10.1039/A707083G
https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970110Y
https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19430260123
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(97)00761-2
Terpinolene 11463 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienal 5280598 Click to see 220.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2014.03.007
(R)-beta-bisabolene 68128 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)CCC=C(C)C 204.35 unknown via CMAUP database
Bisabolol 1549992 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(C)(CCC=C(C)C)O 222.37 unknown via CMAUP database
Caryophyllene 5281515 Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C2CC(C2CC1)(C)C 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.07.023
delta-Cadinol 3084311 Click to see CC1=CC2C(CCC(C2CC1)(C)O)C(C)C 222.37 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Aromadendrane sesquiterpenoids / 5,10-cycloaromadendrane sesquiterpenoids
Spathulenol 92231 Click to see 220.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2014.03.007
Viridiflorol 11996452 Click to see CC1CCC2C1C3C(C3(C)C)CCC2(C)O 222.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2014.03.007
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Germacrane sesquiterpenoids
Germacrene B 5281519 Click to see CC1=CCCC(=CCC(=C(C)C)CC1)C 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2014.03.007
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(3S,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 11870456 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 414.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acid derivatives / Carboxylic acid esters
[(3S)-octan-3-yl] acetate 11819488 Click to see 172.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19430260403
3-Methylcyclohexyl acetate 12705474 Click to see 156.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19430260403
3-Octyl acetate 521238 Click to see 172.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19430260403
Acetic acid (+/-)-cis-3-methyl-cyclohexyl ester 89321772 Click to see 156.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19430260403
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Cyclic ketones
(+)-3-Methylcyclohexanone 83384 Click to see 112.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19430260123
(2S)-2,4,4-trimethylcyclopentan-1-one 7437929 Click to see 126.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19440270106
2,4,4-Trimethylcyclopentanone 107324 Click to see 126.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19440270106
3-Methylcyclohexanone 11567 Click to see 112.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19430260123
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Cyclic ketones / Cyclohexenones
3-Methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one 14511 Click to see CC1=CC(=O)CCC1 110.15 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19430260123
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans
3,5-Dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran 62345 Click to see CC1CCC2=C(C1)C(=CO2)C 150.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.07.023
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxepanes
7-Oxabicyclo4.1.0heptan-2-one, 6-methyl-3-(1-methylethylidene)- 61942 Click to see 166.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.07.023
Rotundifolone 442497 Click to see CC(=C1CCC2(C(C1=O)O2)C)C 166.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.07.023
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrans / Pyranones and derivatives
6-(4-Hydroxypent-2-en-2-yl)-4-methoxy-3-methylpyran-2-one 74169052 Click to see CC1=C(C=C(OC1=O)C(=CC(C)O)C)OC 224.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP8004997
6-[(E)-4-hydroxypent-2-en-2-yl]-4-methoxy-3-methylpyran-2-one 42639813 Click to see 224.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP8004997
> Organosulfur compounds / Thioureas
1-methyl-3-[[(1S,5R)-1,3,3-trimethyl-5-(methylcarbamothioylamino)cyclohexyl]methyl]thiourea 154496788 Click to see CC1(CC(CC(C1)(C)CNC(=S)NC)NC(=S)NC)C 316.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.07.023
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones
Pinocembrin 68071 Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC=CC=C3 256.25 unknown via CMAUP database
Strobopinin 442520 Click to see 270.28 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Apigenin 5280443 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O 270.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01042-X
Luteolin 5280445 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O 286.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01042-X
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
Linarin 5317025 Click to see 592.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00352-1
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids
Batatifolin 5320181 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)O)O)O 316.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01042-X
Chrysoeriol 5280666 Click to see 300.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01042-X
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 6-O-methylated flavonoids
Hispidulin 5281628 Click to see 300.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01042-X
Jaceosidin 5379096 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)OC)O)O 330.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01042-X
Pectolinarigenin 5320438 Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)OC)O 314.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01042-X
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
5-Hydroxy-6,7,3',4'-Tetramethoxyflavone 152430 Click to see 358.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01042-X
5,6-Dihydroxy-7,3',4'-Trimethoxyflavone 10020367 Click to see 344.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01042-X
Genkwanin 5281617 Click to see 284.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(91)90088-H
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01042-X
Ladanein 3084066 Click to see 314.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01042-X
https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(91)90088-H
Pedalitin 31161 Click to see 316.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01042-X
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 8-O-methylated flavonoids
4',5-Dihydroxy-3',6,7,8-tetramethoxyflavone 181092 Click to see 374.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(91)90088-H
5-Demethylnobiletin 358832 Click to see 388.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(91)90088-H
Thymonin 442662 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C(=C3O2)OC)OC)O)O)O 360.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(91)90088-H
Thymusin 628895 Click to see 330.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01042-X
https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(91)90088-H
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes
3-Methoxy-5-(2-phenylethenyl)phenol 182229 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2 226.27 unknown via CMAUP database
3,5-Dimethoxystilbene 5316874 Click to see 240.30 unknown via CMAUP database

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