, Romania, Ex/Yugoslavia

Apocynum venetum is a plant species in the dogbane family that is native to a wide range in northern Asia and SE Europe. It is used as a source of fiber, medicine, and nectar for production of honey. The fibers possess the luster of silk, smoothness of ramie, malleability of cashmere, and the softness of cotton. The leaves have been used in the traditional medicine for hypertension treatment. There are eight subspecies of Apocynum venetum, including Apocynum venetum subsp. armenum, Apocynum venetum subsp. basikurumon, Apocynum venetum subsp. lancifolium, Apocynum venetum subsp. russanovii, Apocynum venetum subsp. sarmatiense, Apocynum venetum subsp. scabrum, Apocynum venetum subsp. tauricum, and Apocynum venetum subsp. venetum.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Trachomitum venetum	Woodson	Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 17: 158 (1930)
Apocynum venetum var. anomalum	Bég. & Belosersky	Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis. ser. 5a, 9: 76. 1913
Apocynum venetum var. brachycarpum	Bég. & Belosersky	Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis. ser. 5a, 9: 76. 1913
Apocynum venetum var. latifolium	Bég. & Belosersky	Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis. ser. 5a, 9: 71. 1913
Apocynum venetum var. longifolium	Bég. & Belosersky	Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis. ser. 5a, 9: 71. 1913
Apocynum venetum var. oblongifolium	Bég. & Belosersky	Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis. ser. 5a, 9: 71. 1913
Trachomitum venetum var. ellipticifolium	(Bég. & Belosersky) Woodson	Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 17: 161. 1930
Trachomitum venetum var. lancifolium	Hara
Poacynum venetum	(L.) Mavrodiev, Laktionov & Yu.E.Alexeev	Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 46: 162 (2015)

Common names Top

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Language	Common/alternative name
Japanese	ラフマ
Japanese	羅布麻
Kazakh	Қызыл кендір
Polish	toina wenecka
Polish	toja syberyjska
Turkish	pembekız
Chinese	牛茶
Chinese	羅布麻
Chinese	野务其干
Chinese	茶棵子
Chinese	茶叶花
Chinese	羊肚拉角
Chinese	野麻
Chinese	泽漆麻
Chinese	披针叶茶叶花
Chinese	奶流
Chinese	吉吉麻
Chinese	罗布麻叶
Chinese	罗布麻
Chinese	红麻
Chinese	女儿茶
Chinese	野茶
Chinese	红花草

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Apocynum venetum subsp. armenum	(Pobed.) ined.	ined.
Apocynum venetum subsp. basikurumon	(H.Hara) ined.	ined.
Apocynum venetum subsp. lancifolium	(Russanov) ined.	ined.
Apocynum venetum subsp. russanovii	(Pobed.) ined.	ined.
Apocynum venetum subsp. sarmatiense	(Woodson) ined.	ined.
Apocynum venetum subsp. scabrum	(Russanov) ined.	ined.
Apocynum venetum subsp. tauricum	(Pobed.) ined.	ined.
Apocynum venetum subsp. venetum		Unknown

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Apocynum venetum var. scabrum	(Bég. & Bél.) Bég. & Bél.	Atti Reale Accad. Lincei Rendiconti Cl. Sci. Fis. 9: 76 1913

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- China
  - China North-central
  - China Southeast
  - Inner Mongolia
  - Manchuria
  - Qinghai
  - Tibet
  - Xinjiang
- Eastern Asia
  - Japan
  - Korea
- Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan
  - Kirgizstan
  - Tadzhikistan
  - Turkmenistan
  - Uzbekistan
- Mongolia
  - Mongolia
- Siberia
  - Altay
  - Buryatiya
  - Krasnoyarsk
  - West Siberia
- Western Asia
  - Afghanistan
  - Cyprus
  - Iran
  - Iraq
  - Palestine
  - Turkey

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Pakistan

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Central European Russia
  - East European Russia
  - Krym
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Southeastern Europe
  - Bulgaria
  - Italy
  - Turkey-in-Europe

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000245931
UNII	ZK645IJS90
Tropicos	1802270
INPN	1012247
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77279-1
The Plant List	kew-12978
Open Tree Of Life	716605
NCBI Taxonomy	377125
IPNI	77279-1
iNaturalist	508943
GBIF	3619922
Freebase	/m/011snw8_
EPPO	APCVE
USDA GRIN	3720
Wikipedia	Apocynum_venetum
CMAUP	NPO16145
PFAF	Apocynum venetum

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_019593545.1	ASM1959354v1	Contig	Minzu University of China	2021-08-13	92.6x	258.64 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Natural-derived acetophenones: chemistry and pharmacological activities

Ahmadpourmir H, Attar H, Asili J, Soheili V, Taghizadeh SF, Shakeri A

Nat Prod Bioprospect

10-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11087454
doi:	10.1007/s13659-024-00447-x
PMID:	38727781

Identification of core genes involved in the response of Apocynum venetum to salt stress based on transcriptome sequencing and WGCNA

Zhen X, Liu X, Zhang X, Luo S, Wang W, Wan T

PLoS One

30-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11060595
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0300277
PMID:	38687723

Exploiting Natural Niches with Neuroprotective Properties: A Comprehensive Review

Moukham H, Lambiase A, Barone GD, Tripodi F, Coccetti P

Nutrients

26-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11085272
doi:	10.3390/nu16091298
PMID:	38732545

A dataset for fine-grained seed recognition

Yuan M, Lv N, Dong Y, Hu X, Lu F, Zhan K, Shen J, Wu X, Zhu L, Xie Y

Sci Data

06-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC10998916
doi:	10.1038/s41597-024-03176-5
PMID:	38582756

Updated Progress on Polysaccharides with Anti-Diabetic Effects through the Regulation of Gut Microbiota: Sources, Mechanisms, and Structure–Activity Relationships

Zhang X, Wang J, Zhang T, Li S, Liu J, Li M, Lu J, Zhang M, Chen H

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

02-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11053653
doi:	10.3390/ph17040456
PMID:	38675416

Separation Methods of Phenolic Compounds from Plant Extract as Antioxidant Agents Candidate

Susanti I, Pratiwi R, Rosandi Y, Hasanah AN

Plants (Basel)

27-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11013868
doi:	10.3390/plants13070965
PMID:	38611494

Advances in Flavonoid Research: Sources, Biological Activities, and Developmental Prospectives

Hao B, Yang Z, Liu H, Liu Y, Wang S

Curr Issues Mol Biol

26-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11049524
doi:	10.3390/cimb46040181
PMID:	38666911

Insights into Reactive Oxygen Species Production-Scavenging System Involved in Sugarcane Response to Xanthomonas albilineans Infection under Drought Stress

Wei YS, Zhao JY, Javed T, Ali A, Huang MT, Fu HY, Zhang HL, Gao SJ

Plants (Basel)

17-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10974620
doi:	10.3390/plants13060862
PMID:	38592879

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Columbianadin against D-Galactose-Induced Liver Injury In Vivo via the JAK2/STAT3 and JAK2/p38/NF-κB Pathways

Ma Z, Peng L, Sheng Y, Chu W, Fu Y

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

15-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10976170
doi:	10.3390/ph17030378
PMID:	38543164

The Madagascar palm genome provides new insights on the evolution of Apocynaceae specialized metabolism

Cuello C, Jansen HJ, Abdallah C, Zamar Mbadinga DL, Birer Williams C, Durand M, Oudin A, Papon N, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Dirks RP, Jensen MK, O'Connor SE, Besseau S, Courdavault V

Heliyon

14-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10963385
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28078
PMID:	38533072

Making the most of scarce biological resources in the desert: Loptuq material culture in Eastern Turkestan around 1900

Hällzon P, Ötkür Z, Ståhlberg S, Svanberg I

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

26-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10895719
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00660-5
PMID:	38409040

Unlocking the Potential: Quercetin and Its Natural Derivatives as Promising Therapeutics for Sepsis

Wang T, Lv L, Feng H, Gu W

Biomedicines

16-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10887054
doi:	10.3390/biomedicines12020444
PMID:	38398046

Evaluation of Suitable Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Various Tissues of Apocynum venetum

Li X, Zhang T, Jiang L, Fan G

Genes (Basel)

11-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10888412
doi:	10.3390/genes15020231
PMID:	38397220

The Role of Natural and Synthetic Flavonoids in the Prevention of Marine Biofouling

Pereira D, Pinto M, Almeida JR, Correia-da-Silva M, Cidade H

Mar Drugs

02-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10889971
doi:	10.3390/md22020077
PMID:	38393048

Alternative Crops for the European Tobacco Industry: A Systematic Review

Mavroeidis A, Stavropoulos P, Papadopoulos G, Tsela A, Roussis I, Kakabouki I

Plants (Basel)

15-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10818552
doi:	10.3390/plants13020236
PMID:	38256796

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones
Anthraquinone	6780	Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O	208.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Phenyl methylcarbamates
5-Dimethylamino-4-tolyl methylcarbamate	26479	Click to see CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)OC(=O)NC)N(C)C	208.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids
Hydron;phenoxide	20488062	Click to see [H+].C1=CC=C(C=C1)[O-]	94.11	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxyphenol	17203	Click to see CC(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)OC)O	168.19	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isoeugenol	853433	Click to see CC=CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)OC	164.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes
Hentriacontane	12410	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	436.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9801-Z
Nonacosane	12409	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	408.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9801-Z
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan lactones
Neoisostegane	442918	Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)CC3COC(=O)C3CC4=C(C(=C(C=C42)OC)OC)OC)OC	414.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
1-Triacontanol	68972	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO	438.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9801-Z
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Acyclic diterpenoids
3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-OL	5366244	Click to see CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(=CCO)C	296.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.49.845
Phytol	5280435	Click to see CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(=CCO)C	296.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.49.845
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
p-CYMENE	7463	Click to see CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)C	134.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
4-Hydroxy-8-methyl-1-(2-methylbutanoyl)-3,5,7-tris(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)bicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-ene-2,9-dione	9963735	Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)C12C(=O)C(=C(C(C1=O)(CC(C2(C)CCC=C(C)C)CC=C(C)C)CC=C(C)C)O)CC=C(C)C	550.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
6-methyl-5-(2-methylbutanoyl)-1,3,7-tris(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-6-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-4,9-dioxobicyclo[3.3.1]non-2-en-2-olate	90658004	Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)C12C(=O)C(=C(C(C1=O)(CC(C2(C)CCC=C(C)C)CC=C(C)C)CC=C(C)C)[O-])CC=C(C)C	549.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
Hyperforin	441298	Click to see CC(C)C(=O)C12C(=O)C(=C(C(C1=O)(CC(C2(C)CCC=C(C)C)CC=C(C)C)CC=C(C)C)O)CC=C(C)C	536.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(4S)-4-hydroxy-4-[(E,3R)-3-hydroxybut-1-enyl]-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one	10977562	Click to see CC(C=CC1(C(=CC(=O)CC1(C)C)CO)O)O	240.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
Apocynol A	11053300	Click to see CC(C=CC1C(=CC(=O)CC1(C)C)CO)O	224.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides
Apocynoside II	11025815	Click to see CC(C=CC1(C(=CC(=O)CC1(C)C)COC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O)O	402.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.49.845
GlochidionionosideC	11025480	Click to see CC(C=CC1C(=CC(=O)CC1(C)C)COC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O	386.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.49.845
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Lupeol	259846	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.49.845
Oleanolic acid acetate	6708573	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CCC2(C(C1(C)C)CCC3(C2CC=C4C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C(=O)O)C)C)C	498.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-007-0202-3
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Hydroxysteroids / 21-hydroxysteroids
Methylprednisolone	6741	Click to see CC1CC2C3CCC(C3(CC(C2C4(C1=CC(=O)C=C4)C)O)C)(C(=O)CO)O	374.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Oxosteroids / 20-oxosteroids
Neridienone A	100630	Click to see CC(=O)C1=CCC2C1(C(CC3C2C=CC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)O)C	326.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.35.4087
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid lactones / Cardenolides and derivatives
(3S,5S,8S,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3,5,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	11870442	Click to see CC12CCC3C(C1(CCC2C4=CC(=O)OC4)O)CCC5(C3(CCC(C5)O)C=O)O	404.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid lactones / Cardenolides and derivatives / Cardenolide glycosides and derivatives
(3S,10S)-5,14-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	17750997	Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)C=O)OC)O	548.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3S,5S,8S,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-5,14-dihydroxy-3-[(4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	56844123	Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)C=O)OC)O	548.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3S,5S)-5,14-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	10504	Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)C=O)OC)O	548.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-[(3S,10R)-5,14-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-13-methyl-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one	17750998	Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)CO)OC)O	550.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
3beta-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-1beta,5beta,11alpha,14beta,19beta-pentahydroxy-5beta-card-20(22)-enolide	52931492	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CC(C3(C4C(CCC3(C2)O)C5(CCC(C5(CC4O)C)C6=CC(=O)OC6)O)CO)O)O)O)O	584.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Alvonal	6474106	Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)C=O)OC)O	548.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Alvonal MR	222155	Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)C=O)OC)O	548.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Card-20(22)-enolide, 3-[(2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-5,14-dihydroxy-19-oxo-, (3beta,5beta)-	539061	Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)C=O)OC)O	548.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
CID 6708764	6708764	Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)C=O)OC)O	548.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cymarine	441853	Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)C=O)OC)O	548.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JSSC.201301036
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-007-0202-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9801-Z
24-Ethylcholest-5-en-3beta-ol	22012	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9801-Z
Sitogluside	5742590	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-007-0202-3
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
Tetradecanoyl hexadecanoate	53819951	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC	466.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9801-Z
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
Chlorogenic Acid	1794427	Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O	354.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1573(200011)14:7<501::AID-PTR655>3.0.CO;2-B
cis-Chlorogenic acid	1794425	Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O	354.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cryptochlorogenic acid	9798666	Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O	354.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isochlorogenic acid	5315832	Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O	354.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
Neochlorogenic acid	5280633	Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O	354.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Secondary alcohols / Cyclohexanols
Inositol	892	Click to see C1(C(C(C(C(C1O)O)O)O)O)O	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9801-Z
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-phenylmethoxy-6-[[(3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxane-3,4,5-triol	163193773	Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OCC3=CC=CC=C3)O)O)O)O)O)O	402.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.49.845
Xyl(?1-6)Glc-O-EtPh	163190517	Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OCCC3=CC=CC=C3)O)O)O)O)O)O	416.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.49.845
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Hexoses
(4R,5S,6S)-4-methoxy-6-methyloxane-2,5-diol	12312898	Click to see CC1C(C(CC(O1)O)OC)O	162.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
Caffeic Acid	689043	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)O)O)O	180.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
cis-Caffeic acid	1549111	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)O)O)O	180.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins
Scopoletin	5280460	Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C=CC(=O)O2)O	192.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
(2R,2'R,3R,3'R)-2,2'-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,3',4,4'-tetrahydro-2H,2'H-4,8'-bichromene-3,3',5,5',7,7'-hexol	5320711	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.25.748
Amentoflavone	5281600	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C4=C(C=CC(=C4)C5=CC(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)O)O)O)O	538.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Procyanidin B2, (+)-	122738	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.25.748
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
(-)-Catechin	73160	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O	290.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
(+)-Epicatechin	182232	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O	290.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)chroman-3,5,7-triol	1203	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O	290.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cianidanol	9064	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O	290.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.47.1049 https://doi.org/10.1007/S006040170028 https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1573(200011)14:7<501::AID-PTR655>3.0.CO;2-B https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-11135
Epicatechin	72276	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O	290.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1573(200011)14:7<501::AID-PTR655>3.0.CO;2-B https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.47.1049 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-11135
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins / Epigallocatechins
(-)-Gallocatechin	9882981	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O	306.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
(+)-Epigallocatechin	10425234	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O	306.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R,3S,10R)-10-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4,9,10-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-f]chromen-8-one	9825861	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC3=C2C(CC(=O)O3)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O)O	468.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.47.1049 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-11135
(4R,8R,9S)-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,9-dihydroxy-8-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-4,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-2-one	9956271	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C3=C(C(CC(=O)O3)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)C(=C2)O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O)O	468.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.47.1049 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-11135
10-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4,9,10-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-f]chromen-8-one	85041517	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC3=C2C(CC(=O)O3)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O)O	468.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.47.1049 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-11135
Apocynin A	9804654	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC3=C2C(CC(=O)O3)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O)O	468.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.47.1049 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-11135
Epigallocatechin	72277	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O	306.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.47.1049 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-11135 https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1573(200011)14:7<501::AID-PTR655>3.0.CO;2-B
Gallocatechin	65084	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O	306.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-11135 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.47.1049
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxychromen-4-one	57339948	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(OC4O)CO)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Kaempferol oxoanion	25202062	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)[O-])O	285.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin-7-olate	46906036	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)[O-])O)O	301.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol	5280863	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O	286.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYMED.2008.12.020
Myricetin	5281672	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	318.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O)O	302.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S006040170028 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-11135 https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9801-Z https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.49.845
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glucuronides / Flavonoid-3-O-glucuronides
(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	11972446	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O	478.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCHROMB.2010.09.027
(2S,3S,4S,5R)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	13258914	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O	478.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Querciturone	5274585	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O	478.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dihydroxy-chroman-5-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-3,4,5-triol	10343835	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O	452.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	51402807	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1573(200011)14:7<501::AID-PTR655>3.0.CO;2-B https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.49.845
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	5378597	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	44259091	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	11557027	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl D-galactopyranoside	11751616	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-[(2S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one	44144273	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	434.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
4-[5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-3-[(3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-2-yl]-2-hydroxyphenolate	54758589	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)[O-]	463.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	5462193	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Astragalin	5282102	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Avicularin	5490064	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	434.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
CID 44258797	44258797	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Hyperasid	90657624	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)[O-]	463.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Hyperoside	5281643	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1573(200011)14:7<501::AID-PTR655>3.0.CO;2-B https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.49.845 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-11135
Isoquercetin	5280804	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-11135 https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9801-Z
kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-galactoside(1-)	25201364	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)[O-])OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	447.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Kaempferol 3-O-D-galactoside	5488283	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quosp	5282166	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O	626.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Rutin	5280805	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S006040170028
Trifolin	5282149	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Hydroxyflavonoids / 7-hydroxyflavonoids
(2S,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-5,7-diol	44445800	Click to see CC1CC2=C(C=C(C=C2OC1C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O)O	288.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Neoflavonoids / Prenylated neoflavonoids
Cinchonain I A	44575965	Click to see C1C(C(CC2=C1C3=C(C=C2O)OC(=O)CC3C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O	450.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.47.1049 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-11135
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes
Phenol, (Z)-	5469252	Click to see COC1=CC=CC(=C1)C=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O	226.27	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Apocynum venetum

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