Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Among the Mapuche of southern Chile, the leaves of Sambucus ebulus are used in gentle infusions for fever and as a mild diuretic (Ghirardini et al., 2018). In the Southern Apennines of Italy, the plant is made into a decoction of leaves for urinary complaints and water retention (Pieroni, 2000). In Albania and the Balkans more broadly, leaves and young shoots are prepared as infusions to “cleanse the blood,” treat rheumatism, and as a spring tonic (Vlad et al., 2017; Pieroni & Giusti, 2008). Across these regions, typical medicinal preparations involve water-based teas or decoctions; tincturing of aerial parts is less common in the folk literature, although aerial-material tinctures are documented as a contemporary practice (Ghirardini et al., 2018).

A practical leaf infusion can be prepared as a mild diuretic tea. Use 2–3 g of dried leaves per 200 ml of freshly boiled water; cover and steep for 10 minutes, then strain. Drink 1–2 cups per day. Safety notes: avoid raw berries and flowers due to known toxicity risks in related Sambucus species; limit infusions to short courses (a week or less), and consult a qualified practitioner if pregnant, nursing, or on diuretic medications. Also avoid external application of raw leaves to broken skin.

Phytochemically, Sambucus ebulus aerial parts contain flavonoids such as quercetin and rutin, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid derivatives; berries store anthocyanins that account for the deep color and some antioxidant potential (Fritz et al., 2013; Blazics et al., 2009). These compounds provide plausible mechanisms for diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities observed in ethnomedicine, although the specific contribution of each class in vivo remains to be fully established.

Modern relevance: despite its long-standing folk use, research on Sambucus ebulus remains limited, and commercial products typically emphasize the better-studied S. nigra. Nonetheless, the plant continues to be used in parts of the Balkans and Italy, and small-scale production of standardized leaf extracts or tinctures occasionally appears in niche markets (Ghirardini et al., 2018).

General Uses Top

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Common products:
- Fruit jam (preserve) – cooked berries with sugar, gelled naturally; commonly used in Balkan pastries.
- Fruit jelly – clarified juice with added pectin for gelling.
- Fruit syrup – concentrated juice used to flavor desserts and drinks.
- Alcoholic beverages – wine or short‑aged liqueur fermented from the fruit.

Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
The ripe, dark‑purple berries of Sambucus ebulus are edible after cooking. They are traditionally processed into jam, jelly, and syrup, and also serve as the base for fermented drinks such as wine or a short‑aged liqueur. The fruit’s high anthocyanin content imparts a deep purple hue to these products. The resulting syrups and wines retain this color and are used in regional desserts and cocktail mixes.

Colorants and tanning:
Anthocyanin‑rich extracts from dwarf‑elder berries are employed as natural food colorants. Elderberry anthocyanins are listed in the European Union as food colourant E163 under Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008, allowing the use of extracts from S. ebulus for coloration of jams, syrups, and similar products. The anthocyanin extract is also employed as a natural colorant for spirits, imparting a violet hue to the finished beverage. No documented use of bark or leaf tannins for leather tanning has been reported for this taxon.

Properties relevant to use:
- High anthocyanin concentration (mainly cyanidin‑3‑glucoside and cyanidin‑3‑sambubioside) provides intense coloration and stability under acidic conditions during cooking.
- Sufficient soluble‑solid content supports jam and jelly formation without excessive added sugar.
- Natural pectic substances aid gelation, facilitating firm preserves (Plants for a Future, 2021).

Standards and regulation:
In the EU, anthocyanins derived from elderberries, including those from Sambucus ebulus, are authorized as natural food colourant E163 under Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008, permitting their use in food products.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Sambucus ebulus is primarily wild‑harvested in southern and southeastern Europe, where it occupies mountain slopes and disturbed sites. Commercial cultivation is limited, with most supply coming from wild populations. Sustainable harvesting guidelines recommend selective picking of ripe berries and limiting collection pressure to avoid local depletion.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Viburnum ebulus	(L.) Martinovský	Oesterr. Bot. Z. 80: 255 (1931)
Sambucus humilis	Mill.	Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 5 (1768)
Sambucus paucijuga	Steven	Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 21(II): 277 (1848)
Ebulum humile	(Mill.) Garcke	Fl. N. Mitt.-Deutschland, ed. 7 184. 1865

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	danewort, dwarf elder
English	dwarf elder
English	dwarf elderberry
Spanish	yambu
Spanish	yambú
Spanish	jambu
Spanish	yego
Spanish	avileno
Spanish	avileño
Spanish	biezgo
Spanish	chavos
Spanish	diergo
Spanish	ebulo
Spanish	Ébulo
Spanish	jambú
Spanish	negrillos
Spanish	negruchos
Spanish	sauco menor
Spanish	sauco pequeno
Spanish	venenazo
Spanish	yelgo
Spanish	yezgo
Spanish	ebulum humile
Arabic	خمان قزم
Arabic	بلسان قزمي
Arabic	خمان صغير
Arabic	خاما اقطى
Azerbaijani	otşəkilli gəndalaş
Azerbaijani	otşəkilli gəndəlaş
Belarusian	Бузіна травяністая
Bulgarian	Бъзак
Bulgarian	Тревист бъз
Bulgarian	бъзак
br	skav-bihan
Catalan	Évol
Catalan	yèble
Catalan	évol
co	sambuchellu
co	sambucheddu
Czech	bez chebdí
Welsh	ysgawen fair
Danish	sommer-hyld
German	attich
German	zwerg-holunder
German	holderkraut
German	laddich
German	schindholder
German	wilder holunder
German	yèble
German	zwergholunder
Estonian	väike leeder
Basque	andura
Basque	zihaurri
Basque	akamailu
Basque	mausa
Persian	سمبوکاس ابولوس
Finnish	ruohoselja
French	sureau hièble
French	yèble
French	hièble
French	sureau hieble
Galician	engo
Galician	sabugueiriño
Croatian	abdovina
Upper Sorbian	małka bozanka
Upper Sorbian	hołdračk
Hungarian	földi bodza
Hungarian	borzag
Hungarian	gyalogbodza
Icelandic	evrópudvergyllir
Italian	ebbio
Italian	sambuchella
Italian	sambuco lebbio
Georgian	ანწლი
Korean	딱총나무
Lithuanian	yèble
Lithuanian	Žolinis šeivamedis
Norwegian Bokmål	sommerhyll
Dutch	kruidvlier
os	Уанцъылы
Polish	bez hebd
Polish	dziki bez hebd
Romanian	boz
Russian	бузина вонючая
Russian	бузина карликовая
Russian	бузина низкорослая
Russian	бузина яловая
Russian	травянистая бузина
Russian	бузина травянистая
scn	nigghiu
Slovak	baza chabzdová
Slovenian	smrdljivi bezeg
Slovenian	habat
Serbian	Авдика
Swedish	sommarfläder
Swedish	yèble
Turkish	bodur mürver
Ukrainian	Бузина трав'яниста
Ukrainian	бузина смердюча
Ukrainian	бузина ялова
Ukrainian	бузина трав'яна
Ukrainian	бузина трав'яниста
Chinese	矮接骨木

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Maintain seeds at 20°C for 3 months, then transfer to 4°C for another 3 months.

Pulpy Coat Inhibits Germination: Seeds with a pulpy or fleshy outer coat need to have this material removed by soaking and rinsing in clean water daily for about a week. The inhibitory substances in the pulp are thus washed away, and germination rates improve.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Macaronesia
  - Madeira
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria
  - Morocco
  - Tunisia

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- Middle Asia
  - Turkmenistan
- Western Asia
  - Cyprus
  - Iran
  - Iraq
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Turkey

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Belarus
  - Central European Russia
  - Krym
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Great Britain
  - Ireland
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Kriti
  - Romania
  - Sicilia
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Sardegna
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - Québec
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - New Jersey
  - New York

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000439387
UNII	W8N2B3YOYR
Canadensys	2437
USDA Plants	SAEB
Tropicos	6000021
INPN	120712
Flora of Italy	5141
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:149315-1
The Plant List	kew-2486632
Plantarium	33566
Open Tree Of Life	22350
NCBI Taxonomy	28503
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000004323
Nature Serve	2.134919
IPNI	149315-1
iNaturalist	59979
GBIF	2888722
Freebase	/m/05zfj3
EPPO	SAMEB
EOL	488732
Elurikkus	7053
USDA GRIN	32986
Wikipedia	Sambucus_ebulus
CMAUP	NPO22227

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

The Role of TRP Channels in Sepsis and Colitis

Dvornikova KA, Platonova ON, Bystrova EY

Int J Mol Sci

27-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11084600
doi:	10.3390/ijms25094784
PMID:	38731999

Antifungal Activity of Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins

Iglesias R, Citores L, Gay CC, Ferreras JM

Toxins (Basel)

15-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11054410
doi:	10.3390/toxins16040192
PMID:	38668617

Comment on Altaf et al. Non-Thermal Plasma Reduction of Ag+ Ions into Silver Nanoparticles in Open Atmosphere under Statistically Optimized Conditions for Biological and Photocatalytic Applications. Materials 2022, 15, 3826

Mangindaan D

Materials (Basel)

11-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11051224
doi:	10.3390/ma17081750
PMID:	38673108

New Light on Plants and Their Chemical Compounds Used in Polish Folk Medicine to Treat Urinary Diseases

Olas B, Różański W, Urbańska K, Sławińska N, Bryś M

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

28-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11054606
doi:	10.3390/ph17040435
PMID:	38675397

Saving the local tradition: ethnobotanical survey on the use of plants in Bologna district (Italy)

Chiocchio I, Marincich L, Mandrone M, Trincia S, Tarozzi C, Poli F

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

12-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10936038
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00664-1
PMID:	38475780

Bio-mordants: a review

Benli H

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

23-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10948525
doi:	10.1007/s11356-024-32174-8
PMID:	38396176

Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Acute Plant Exposure in Patients Aged between 0 and 18 Years—A Six-Year Retrospective Study

Nițescu GV, Grama A, Turcu T, Strătulă A, Dragomirescu A, Pană ES, Baciu A, Baconi DL, Crăciun MD, Ulmeanu CE

Children (Basel)

21-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10969538
doi:	10.3390/children11030271
PMID:	38539306

Process optimization for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Rubus discolor leaves extract and its biological activities against multi-drug resistant bacteria and cancer cells

Ghasemi S, Dabirian S, Kariminejad F, Koohi DE, Nemattalab M, Majidimoghadam S, Zamani E, Yousefbeyk F

Sci Rep

19-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10876668
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-54702-9
PMID:	38374139

From the name to the popular image of the plant: the Polish names for the black elder (Sambucus nigra)

Kielak O

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

30-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10829229
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00649-0
PMID:	38291469

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds from Berries for Wound Healing

Vendrame S, Alaba T, Marchi N, Tsakiroglou P, Klimis-Zacas D

Curr Dev Nutr

14-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10862523
doi:	10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102078
PMID:	38351974

Ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal research into medicinal plants in the Mt Stara Planina region (south-eastern Serbia, Western Balkans)

Jarić S, Kostić O, Miletić Z, Marković M, Sekulić D, Mitrović M, Pavlović P

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

10-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10782642
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00647-2
PMID:	38200599

3‴-O-Foliamenthoyl-Rutin, a New Flavonoid Glycoside from the Roots of Nymphoides peltata

Kim TY, Lee BS, Jo BG, Heo SP, Keem MJ, Kwon TH, Kim SN, Kim KH, Yang MH

Plants (Basel)

06-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10748241
doi:	10.3390/plants12244083
PMID:	38140410

The time and place of origin of South Caucasian languages: insights into past human societies, ecosystems and human population genetics

Gavashelishvili A, Chukhua M, Sakhltkhutsishvili K, Koptekin D, Somel M

Sci Rep

30-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10689496
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-45500-w
PMID:	38036582

Single anthocyanins effectiveness modulating inflammation markers in obesity: dosage and matrix composition analysis

Fragoso-Medina JA, López Vaquera SR, Domínguez-Uscanga A, Luna-Vital D, García N

Front Nutr

02-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10651755
doi:	10.3389/fnut.2023.1255518
PMID:	38024376

The elderberry diet protection against intrahippocampal Aβ-induced memory dysfunction; the abrogated apoptosis and neuroinflammation

Jahanbakhshi H, Moghaddam MH, Sani M, Parvardeh S, Boroujeni ME, Vakili K, Fathi M, Azimi H, Mehranpour M, Abdollahifar MA, Ghafghazi S, Sadidi M, Aliaghaei A, Bayat AH, Peyvandi AA

Toxicol Res (Camb)

19-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10734613
doi:	10.1093/toxres/tfad097
PMID:	38145093

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
Eugenol	3314	Click to see	164.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-((Z)-hex-3-enoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	5318045	Click to see	262.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (E,6S)-8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyloct-2-enoate	163015006	Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)CCO	348.39	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19870700111
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyloct-2-enoate	73806975	Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)CCO	348.39	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19870700111
methyl 4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutanoate	10564679	Click to see	280.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
Menthiafolic acid, (S)-	10845194	Click to see	184.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
Carvacrol	10364	Click to see CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(C)C)O	150.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
(-)-trans-Carveol	94221	Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1O)C(=C)C	152.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
(+)-alpha-Phellandrene	443160	Click to see	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1R,4R)-Dihydrocarvone	22227	Click to see	152.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,2S,4R)-iso-dihydrocarveol	443165	Click to see CC1CCC(CC1O)C(=C)C	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,4S)-Dihydrocarvone	443183	Click to see	152.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
(5S)-5-[(1R)-1,2-Dihydroxy-1-methylethyl]-2-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one	11830092	Click to see	184.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
(5S)-5-[(2S)-1,2-dihydroxypropan-2-yl]-2-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one	10877793	Click to see	184.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Alpha-Terpinene	7462	Click to see	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Carvone, (-)-	439570	Click to see	150.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
Carvone, (+)-	16724	Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1=O)C(=C)C	150.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
trans-(2S,5S)-5-[(2S)-1,2-dihydroxypropan-2-yl]-2-methylcyclohexan-1-one	10867057	Click to see	186.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(1S,4R)-4-[(E,3R)-3-hydroxybut-1-enyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol	101338767	Click to see	210.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides
(1S,2R,4R,8S)-2-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-p-menthane-8,9-diol	11727818	Click to see CC1CCC(CC1OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)C(C)(CO)O	350.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(1R,2S,5R)-5-[(2R)-1,2-dihydroxypropan-2-yl]-2-methylcyclohexyl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	102021736	Click to see	350.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2E,6E)-8-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	14729929	Click to see CC(=CCOC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)CCC=C(C)CO	332.39	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,5R)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexyl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol	11823766	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC(C(C1)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)(C)O	332.39	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-[[(2R,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-6-[(1S,2S,5R)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexyl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol	10885097	Click to see	464.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(1S,2S,5R)-2-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methylcyclohexyl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	11810246	Click to see	350.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,5S)-5-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxypropan-2-yl]-2-methylcyclohexan-1-one	11089348	Click to see CC1CCC(CC1=O)C(C)(COC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O	348.39	unknown	via CMAUP database
(5S)-5-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxypropan-2-yl]-2-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one	11024434	Click to see	346.37	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(1S,4aS,6S,7S,7aS)-4-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-5-acetyloxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-7-(acetyloxymethyl)-6-hydroxy-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl] 3-methylbutanoate	44557150	Click to see	692.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900373U
[(1S,4aS,6S,7S,7aS)-4-[[(2R,3S,5R,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-5-acetyloxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxooxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-6-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl] 3-methylbutanoate	44557020	Click to see	648.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900373U
[(1S,4aS,6S,7S,7aS)-4-[[(2R,3S,5R,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-5-acetyloxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxooxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-7-(acetyloxymethyl)-6-hydroxy-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl] 3-methylbutanoate	44556951	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2=O)O)CO)OCC3=COC(C4C3CC(C4COC(=O)C)O)OC(=O)CC(C)C)O)O)OC(=O)C	690.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900373U
[(1S,4aS,6S,7S,7aS)-4-[[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-6-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl] 3-methylbutanoate	44557087	Click to see	446.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900373U
[(1S,4aS,6S,7S,7aS)-6-acetyloxy-4-[[(2R,3S,5R,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-5-acetyloxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxooxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl] 3-methylbutanoate	44557018	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2=O)O)CO)OCC3=COC(C4C3CC(C4CO)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)CC(C)C)O)O)OC(=O)C	690.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900373U
[(1S,4aS,6S,7S,7aS)-7-(acetyloxymethyl)-6-hydroxy-4-[[(2R,3S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxo-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl] 3-methylbutanoate	44557019	Click to see	648.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900373U
[(1S,4aS,7R,7aS)-4-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-7-methyl-6-oxo-4a,5,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl] 3-methylbutanoate	21587053	Click to see CC1C2C(CC1=O)C(=COC2OC(=O)CC(C)C)COC3C(C(C(C(O3)COC4C(C(CO4)(CO)O)O)O)O)O	576.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19870700111
[4-[[3-(5-Acetyloxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-7-(acetyloxymethyl)-6-hydroxy-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl] 3-methylbutanoate	75068787	Click to see	692.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900373U
[4-[[3-(5-Acetyloxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxooxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-6-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl] 3-methylbutanoate	75068723	Click to see	648.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900373U
[4-[[3-(5-Acetyloxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxooxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-7-(acetyloxymethyl)-6-hydroxy-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl] 3-methylbutanoate	75068704	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2=O)O)CO)OCC3=COC(C4C3CC(C4COC(=O)C)O)OC(=O)CC(C)C)O)O)OC(=O)C	690.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900373U
[4-[[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-6-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl] 3-methylbutanoate	75068752	Click to see	446.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900373U
[4-[[6-[[3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-7-methyl-6-oxo-4a,5,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl] 3-methylbutanoate	73806974	Click to see	576.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19870700111
[6-Acetyloxy-4-[[3-(5-acetyloxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxooxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl] 3-methylbutanoate	75068721	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2=O)O)CO)OCC3=COC(C4C3CC(C4CO)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)CC(C)C)O)O)OC(=O)C	690.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900373U
[6-Hydroxy-7-methyl-4-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl] 3-methylbutanoate	73806973	Click to see CC1C(CC2C1C(OC=C2COC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)OC(=O)CC(C)C)O	446.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19870700111
[7-(Acetyloxymethyl)-6-hydroxy-4-[[5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl] 3-methylbutanoate	75068722	Click to see	648.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP900373U
[7-methyl-6-oxo-4-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4a,5,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl] 3-methylbutanoate	4367930	Click to see CC1C2C(CC1=O)C(=COC2OC(=O)CC(C)C)COC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	444.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19860690519 https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19860690119
7,7-Dihydroebuloside	21587052	Click to see	446.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19870700111
Ebuloside	21587051	Click to see	444.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.198618365 https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19860690119 https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19860690519
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones
Umbelliprenin	1781413	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCOC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C=CC(=O)O2)C)C)C	366.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(6beta,24R)-6-Hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one	14769504	Click to see	428.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19743071213
(6S,8R,9R,10S,13R,14R,17S)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-6-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one	163072797	Click to see	428.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19743071213
Stigmast-4-ee-3,6-dione	14308881	Click to see	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19743071118
Stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione	5490007	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC(=O)C4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C)C(C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19743071118
> Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / Pyrimidine nucleosides
5-Methyluridine	445408	Click to see	258.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Uridine	6029	Click to see	244.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / Pyrimidine nucleosides / Pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleosides
Thymidine	5789	Click to see CC1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)C2CC(C(O2)CO)O	242.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
Oxalic Acid	971	Click to see	90.03	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/FOOD.19900340716
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
Citric Acid	311	Click to see	192.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/FOOD.19900340716
> Organic acids and derivatives / Hydroxy acids and derivatives / Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives
Lactic Acid	612	Click to see	90.08	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/FOOD.19900340716
> Organic acids and derivatives / Hydroxy acids and derivatives / Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives
Malic Acid	525	Click to see	134.09	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/FOOD.19900340716
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
3-{[3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy}-1,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid	348159	Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O	354.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02254798
Chlorogenic Acid	1794427	Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O	354.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02254798
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Polyols / 1,2-diols
(2R,3R,4S)-pentane-1,2,3,4-tetrol	10796790	Click to see CC(C(C(CO)O)O)O	136.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Secondary alcohols
5-Deoxy-D-ribitol	166761	Click to see	136.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4R)-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexyl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol	11099619	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC(C(C1)O)(C)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	332.39	unknown	via CMAUP database
(7Alpha-Hydroxy)-Morroniside	21593530	Click to see CC1C2C(CC(O1)O)C(=COC2OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)OC	406.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19860690519
2,8-Dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-6-en-3-one, 9-ethenyl-6-[(I(2)-D-glucopyranosyloxy)methyl]-, (1R,5S,9R)-	73798769	Click to see	358.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19860690519
4-Hydroxybenzyl beta-d-glucopyranoside	49871127	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1COC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O	286.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
Benzyl beta-d-glucopyranoside	188977	Click to see	270.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
ethyl beta-D-glucopyranoside	121667	Click to see CCOC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O	208.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
glycerol 2-O-alpha-l-fucopyranoside	101159096	Click to see	238.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Icariside F2	14079045	Click to see C1C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OCC3=CC=CC=C3)O)O)O)O)(CO)O	402.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isosweroside	21603034	Click to see	358.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19860690519
Methyl 3-hydroxy-1-methyl-8-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,4a,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[3,4-c]pyran-5-carboxylate	12312977	Click to see	406.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19860690519
Morroniside	11228693	Click to see	406.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19860690519
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enyl-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	15714546	Click to see COC1=C(C(=CC(=C1)CC=C)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	504.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[4-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-3-methoxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	102021738	Click to see	360.36	unknown	via CMAUP database
Gastrodin	115067	Click to see	286.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
Syringin	5316860	Click to see	372.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Hexoses
1-Deoxy-D-glucitol	10678630	Click to see	166.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar alcohols
2-C-methyl-D-erythritol	11400799	Click to see CC(CO)(C(CO)O)O	136.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
D-Threitol	169019	Click to see C(C(C(CO)O)O)O	122.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
Erythritol	222285	Click to see	122.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
Glycerin	753	Click to see C(C(CO)O)O	92.09	unknown	via CMAUP database
L-Apiitol	10820745	Click to see C(C(C(CO)(CO)O)O)O	152.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzodioxoles
Apiole	10659	Click to see	222.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Dillapiol	10231	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(C=C1CC=C)OCO2)OC	222.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Safrole	5144	Click to see	162.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans
Anethofuran	126537	Click to see	152.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Dihydrofurans / Furanones / Butenolides
L-Ascorbic Acid	54670067	Click to see	176.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/FOOD.19900340716
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones
(4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one	161815	Click to see C1C(C(OC1=O)CO)O	132.11	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Psoralens / 5-methoxypsoralens
Bergapten	2355	Click to see COC1=C2C=CC(=O)OC2=CC3=C1C=CO3	216.19	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 6,7-dihydroxycoumarins
Esculetin	5281416	Click to see	178.14	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins
Umbelliferone	5281426	Click to see C1=CC(=CC2=C1C=CC(=O)O2)O	162.14	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Pyranocoumarins / Linear pyranocoumarins
Graveolone	177751	Click to see CC1(CC(=O)C2=C(O1)C=C3C(=C2)C=CC(=O)O3)C	244.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glucuronides / Flavonoid-3-O-glucuronides
Querciturone	5274585	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O	478.40	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Sambucus ebulus

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