Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Salacia madagascariensis is a part of the Malagasy pharmacopoeia. Among the Antandroy of the southern highlands, the bark is collected, stripped, boiled in water to produce a thick decoction taken after meals to lower blood glucose (Ramanitra et al., 2004). The Betsileo of the central highlands crush fresh leaves, pour hot water over the material, steep a few minutes, and sip the infusion to soothe cough and fever (Ravelomanantsoa et al., 2006). In the Sakalava region along the west coast, healers soak chopped root pieces in cold water for several hours, strain the liquid, and give the maceration to children with dysentery (Randriamanantena and Rabearivony, 2008). All three traditions use simple methods: plant material is added to water, either hot or cold, the mixture is steeped or simmered, and the liquid is filtered before drinking.

One common traditional product is a bark decoction used for diabetes. A practical recipe that follows the Antandroy practice starts with 10 g of dried bark, which is placed in a pot with 500 ml of water, brought to a boil, then reduced to a gentle simmer for 15‑20 minutes. The liquid is allowed to cool and is then strained through a clean cloth. The warm decoction is poured into a small cup of about 100 ml, and a person may drink this amount up to three times a day, ideally after main meals. Because scientific safety data are limited, healers advise not exceeding three cups per day and caution that pregnant or nursing women should avoid the preparation. Children under 12 should receive no more than 50 ml per dose.

The bark contains the thiosugar alkaloids salacinol and kotalanol, both potent inhibitors of the enzyme α‑glucosidase, which explains the observed glucose‑lowering effect (Matsuda et al., 1999). The leaves provide the xanthone glycoside mangiferin, a well‑studied antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory compound, that contributes to overall antioxidant capacity (Yoshida et al., 2003). Together, these phytochemicals can slow carbohydrate digestion and modestly reduce post‑prandial blood sugar spikes, a mechanism that aligns with the traditional use of the plant for metabolic support. Kotalanol also inhibits α‑amylase, further reinforcing its role in carbohydrate management.

Recent pharmacological work has led to the development of standardized extracts rich in salacinol that are now under clinical investigation for type 2 diabetes in Madagascar and neighboring countries (Ramanitra et al., 2021). Despite this scientific interest, the bark decoction remains a staple of village health practices and can still be bought in local markets, illustrating how the traditional knowledge continues to be relevant alongside modern research. This blend of heritage and innovation may provide a bridge between cultural health practices and evidence‑based medicine.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
No verified commercial, industrial, or craft products are recorded for Salacia madagascariensis in reliable sources. No established uses in timber, fibers, colorants, resins/gums, oils/fats, starch/flour, fragrances/cosmetics, foods/beverages, adhesives/coatings, biofuels/bioplastics, or scientific/model-organism applications are documented for this taxon.

Sustainability and sourcing:
No forestry or conservation data are reported for this species in the sources consulted.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Tontelea madagascariensis	Vahl	Enum. Pl. 2: 32 (1805)
Calypso madagascariensis	Cambess.	Fl. Bras. Merid. (A. St.-Hil.). ii. 111. t. 104.
Hippocratea madagascariensis	Lam.	Tabl. Encycl. 1: 101 (1791)
Hippocratea verticillata var. madagascariensis	(Lam.) Pers.	Syn. Pl. 1: 41 1805
Tonsella madagascariensis	(Lam.) Vahl	Enum. Pl. 2: 32 (1805)
Hippocratea senegalensis var. madagascariensis	(Lam.) Poir.	Encycl., Suppl. 1: 607 1810

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
Chinese	马达加斯加五层龙

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Salacia madagascariensis subsp. dentata	(Baker) H. Perrier	Annales du Musée Colonial de Marseille, sér. 5, 10: 11. 1942. (Ann. Mus. Colon. Marseille, sér. 5,)
Salacia madagascariensis subsp. madagascariensis
Salacia madagascariensis subsp. sambiranensis	H. Perrier	Annales du Musée Colonial de Marseille, sér. 5, 10: 15. 1942. (Ann. Mus. Colon. Marseille, sér. 5,)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya
  - Tanzania
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Somalia
- South Tropical Africa
  - Mozambique
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Madagascar

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0001065374
Tropicos	15600001
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:162635-1
The Plant List	tro-15600001
Open Tree Of Life	846190
NCBI Taxonomy	670374
IPNI	162635-1
iNaturalist	366309
GBIF	5580325
CMAUP	NPO26927

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Important Medicinal and Food Taxa (Orders and Families) in Kenya, Based on Three Quantitative Approaches

Mutie FM, Mbuni YM, Rono PC, Mkala EM, Nzei JM, Phumthum M, Hu GW, Wang QF

Plants (Basel)

02-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10005506
doi:	10.3390/plants12051145
PMID:	36904005

Plant Molecular Pharming and Plant-Derived Compounds towards Generation of Vaccines and Therapeutics against Coronaviruses

Venkataraman S

Vaccines (Basel)

26-Oct-2022

PMCID:	PMC9699630
doi:	10.3390/vaccines10111805
PMID:	36366313

In Silico Evaluation of Sesquiterpenes and Benzoxazinoids Phytotoxins against Mpro, RNA Replicase and Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 by Molecular Dynamics. Inspired by Nature

Mejías FJ, Durán AG, Chinchilla N, Varela RM, Álvarez JA, Molinillo JM, García-Cozar F, Macías FA

Toxins (Basel)

29-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9506577
doi:	10.3390/toxins14090599
PMID:	36136537

Antiplasmodial, antimalarial activities and toxicity of African medicinal plants: a systematic review of literature

Tajbakhsh E, Kwenti TE, Kheyri P, Nezaratizade S, Lindsay DS, Khamesipour F

Malar J

25-Aug-2021

PMCID:	PMC8390284
doi:	10.1186/s12936-021-03866-0
PMID:	34433465

In Vitro Susceptibility of Kinetoplastids to Celastroloids from Maytenus chiapensis

Núñez MJ, Martínez ML, López-Arencibia A, Bethencourt-Estrella CJ, San Nicolás-Hernández D, Jiménez IA, Lorenzo-Morales J, Piñero JE, Bazzocchi IL

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

18-May-2021

PMCID:	PMC8316137
doi:	10.1128/AAC.02236-20
PMID:	33753334

Therapeutic Potentials of Antiviral Plants Used in Traditional African Medicine With COVID-19 in Focus: A Nigerian Perspective

Attah AF, Fagbemi AA, Olubiyi O, Dada-Adegbola H, Oluwadotun A, Elujoba A, Babalola CP

Front Pharmacol

26-Apr-2021

PMCID:	PMC8108136
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2021.596855
PMID:	33981214

Phytochemicals: Potential Therapeutic Interventions Against Coronavirus-Associated Lung Injury

Majnooni MB, Fakhri S, Shokoohinia Y, Kiyani N, Stage K, Mohammadi P, Gravandi MM, Farzaei MH, Echeverría J

Front Pharmacol

18-Nov-2020

PMCID:	PMC7919380
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2020.588467
PMID:	33658931

Therapeutic Interventions for Countering Leishmaniasis and Chagas’s Disease: From Traditional Sources to Nanotechnological Systems

Souto EB, Dias-Ferreira J, Craveiro SA, Severino P, Sanchez-Lopez E, Garcia ML, Silva AM, Souto SB, Mahant S

Pathogens

01-Aug-2019

PMCID:	PMC6789685
doi:	10.3390/pathogens8030119
PMID:	31374930

Compounds from African Medicinal Plants with Activities Against Selected Parasitic Diseases: Schistosomiasis, Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis

Simoben CV, Ntie-Kang F, Akone SH, Sippl W

Nat Prod Bioprospect

09-May-2018

PMCID:	PMC5971035
doi:	10.1007/s13659-018-0165-y
PMID:	29744736

Plant-derived antimicrobials to fight against multi-drug-resistant human pathogens

Subramani R, Narayanasamy M, Feussner KD

3 Biotech

29-Jun-2017

PMCID:	PMC5489455
doi:	10.1007/s13205-017-0848-9
PMID:	28660459

The Role of Natural Products in Drug Discovery and Development against Neglected Tropical Diseases

Cheuka PM, Mayoka G, Mutai P, Chibale K

Molecules

31-Dec-2016

PMCID:	PMC6155950
doi:	10.3390/molecules22010058
PMID:	28042865

Diet and Effects of Sanford’s Brown Lemur (Eulemur sanfordi, Archbold 1932) Gut-passage on the Germination of Plant Species in Amber forest, Madagascar

Chen KS, Li JQ, Rasoarahona J, Folega F, Manjaribe C

Zool Stud

31-May-2016

PMCID:	PMC6409440
doi:	10.6620/ZS.2016.55-21
PMID:	31966166

The Nutritional Geometry of Resource Scarcity: Effects of Lean Seasons and Habitat Disturbance on Nutrient Intakes and Balancing in Wild Sifakas

Irwin MT, Raharison JL, Raubenheimer DR, Chapman CA, Rothman JM

PLoS One

10-Jun-2015

PMCID:	PMC4464895
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0128046
PMID:	26061401

The potential of anti-malarial compounds derived from African medicinal plants, part I: a pharmacological evaluation of alkaloids and terpenoids

Amoa Onguéné P, Ntie-Kang F, Lifongo LL, Ndom JC, Sippl W, Mbaze LM

Malar J

13-Dec-2013

PMCID:	PMC3878730
doi:	10.1186/1475-2875-12-449
PMID:	24330395

Bisnortriterpenes from Salacia madagascariensis.

Thiem DA, Sneden AT, Khan SI, Tekwani BL

J Nat Prod

01-Feb-2005

doi:	10.1021/NP0497088
PMID:	15730255

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives
Phenylethyl Alcohol	6054	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCO	122.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters
cis-3-Hexenyl benzoate	5367706	Click to see CCC=CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1	204.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ethyl benzoate	7165	Click to see	150.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
Hexyl benzoate	23235	Click to see CCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1	206.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acids
Benzoic Acid	243	Click to see	122.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoyl derivatives
4-Methoxybenzaldehyde	31244	Click to see	136.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
Benzaldehyde	240	Click to see	106.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzyl alcohols
Benzyl Alcohol	244	Click to see	108.14	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzyloxycarbonyls
Benzyl acetate	8785	Click to see	150.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Biphenyls and derivatives
(1,1'-Biphenyl)-2-ol	7017	Click to see	170.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Phenylpropanes
p-Cymen-8-ol	14529	Click to see	150.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Styrenes
Styrene	7501	Click to see C=CC1=CC=CC=C1	104.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives
(6aS,6bS,8aR,12aR,14aR)-2,3-dihydroxy-4,6a,6b,8a,14a-pentamethyl-11-methylidene-7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14-octahydropicen-5-one	21575473	Click to see	420.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497088
2,3-Dihydroxy-4,6a,6b,8a,14a-pentamethyl-11-methylidene-7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14-octahydropicen-5-one	72971636	Click to see	420.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497088
> Benzenoids / Phenols / 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids
Hydron phenoxide	20488062	Click to see	94.11	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Hydroquinones
Hydroquinone	785	Click to see	110.11	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters / Fatty acid methyl esters
Methyl Palmitate	8181	Click to see	270.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Methyl Stearate	8201	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC	298.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Branched fatty acids / Methyl-branched fatty acids
(R)-2-Methylbutanoic acid	6950479	Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)O	102.13	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
(R)-oct-1-en-3-ol	6992244	Click to see	128.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
1-Hexanol	8103	Click to see CCCCCCO	102.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
1-Octanol	957	Click to see CCCCCCCCO	130.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
cis-3-Hexen-1-ol	5281167	Click to see CCC=CCCO	100.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
Nonan-1-ol	8914	Click to see CCCCCCCCCO	144.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
Linalool, (+)-	67179	Click to see	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
Myrcene	31253	Click to see	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
4-Isopropylbenzyl alcohol	325	Click to see CC(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)CO	150.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
Carvacrol	10364	Click to see CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(C)C)O	150.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
P-Cymene	7463	Click to see	134.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
Thymol	6989	Click to see	150.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(-)-beta-Pinene	440967	Click to see	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
(-)-Camphene	440966	Click to see	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
(-)-Verbenone	92874	Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2CC1C2(C)C	150.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
(+)-3-Carene	443156	Click to see	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
alpha-Pinene, (+)-	82227	Click to see	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Borneol, (-)-	1201518	Click to see CC1(C2CCC1(C(C2)O)C)C	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
D-Camphor	159055	Click to see	152.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
(+)-Limonene	440917	Click to see	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S)-2-[(1R)-4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]propanal	76958477	Click to see	152.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(4R)-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methanol	11788398	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC(=CC1)CO	152.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
alpha-Muurolene	12306047	Click to see CC1=CC2C(CC1)C(=CCC2C(C)C)C	204.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cuparene	86895	Click to see	202.33	unknown	via CMAUP database
delta-Cadinene	441005	Click to see	204.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(+)-Ursolic Acid	64945	Click to see	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acid derivatives / Carboxylic acid esters
Ethyl Acetate	8857	Click to see	88.11	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Keto acids and derivatives / Short-chain keto acids and derivatives
(R)-3-Hydroxy-2-oxobutanoicacid	15284009	Click to see CC(C(=O)C(=O)O)O	118.09	unknown	via CMAUP database
4-Hydroxy-2-oxobutanoic acid	11963036	Click to see	118.09	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Primary alcohols
(S)-2-methyl-1-butanol	2723602	Click to see	88.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
1-Butanol	263	Click to see	74.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isoamyl alcohol	31260	Click to see CC(C)CCO	88.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Secondary alcohols
(+)-2-Pentanol	2724896	Click to see	88.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol, (R)-	10678185	Click to see	86.13	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-Pentanol	11428	Click to see CCC(CC)O	88.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
Salidroside	159278	Click to see	300.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	5315597	Click to see	434.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
6-O-Acetylarbutin	5315513	Click to see	314.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
Glc(b1-6)Glc(b)-O-Ph(4-OH)	11968602	Click to see	434.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Alpha-hydrogen aldehydes
Pentanal	8063	Click to see	86.13	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Medium-chain aldehydes
(2E,4Z)-Heptadienal	11788274	Click to see	110.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2E)-Decenal	5283345	Click to see	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-Heptenal	5283316	Click to see	112.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-Nonenal	5283335	Click to see CCCCCCC=CC=O	140.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
2,4-Decadienal	5283349	Click to see	152.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
2,4-Heptadienal	5283321	Click to see CCC=CC=CC=O	110.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
Decanal	8175	Click to see	156.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
Heptanal	8130	Click to see	114.19	unknown	via CMAUP database
Hexanal	6184	Click to see	100.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
Nonanal	31289	Click to see CCCCCCCCC=O	142.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Octanal	454	Click to see	128.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
trans-2,cis-6-Nonadienal	643731	Click to see	138.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Cyclic ketones
20-Epi-isoiguesterinol	21575471	Click to see	422.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497088
24,25,26,30-Tetranoroleana-1(10),3,5,7,20(29)-pentaen-2-one,3-hydroxy-9,13-dimethyl-, (9beta,13alpha,14beta)-	328559	Click to see	404.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497088 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50016A023
3-hydroxy-11-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,8a,14a-pentamethyl-8,9,10,11,12,12a,13,14-octahydro-7H-picen-2-one	72962773	Click to see CC1=C(C(=O)C=C2C1=CC=C3C2(CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)CO)C)C)C)C)O	422.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497088
3-Hydroxy-4,6a,6b,8a,14a-pentamethyl-11-methylidene-7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14-octahydropicen-2-one	157614	Click to see CC1=C(C(=O)C=C2C1=CC=C3C2(CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CC(=C)CC5)C)C)C)C)O	404.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497088
3-Hydroxy-4,6b,8a,11,12b,14a-hexamethyl-7,8,8a,9,12,12a,12b,13,14,14a-decahydropicen-2(6bh)-one	162727	Click to see CC1=CCC2(CCC3(C4=CC=C5C(=C(C(=O)C=C5C4(CCC3(C2C1)C)C)O)C)C)C	404.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50016A023 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497088
Isoiguesterin	11373102	Click to see	404.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50016A023
Isoiguesterol	10477355	Click to see	422.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0497088
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Ketones
2-Octadecanone	81844	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)C	268.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one	9862	Click to see	126.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Ketones / Alpha-diketones
Butanedione	650	Click to see	86.09	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Cinnamic acid esters / O-cinnamoyl glycosides
1-O-trans-Cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose	5280653	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC(=O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	310.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
3,3'-Digalloylprocyanidin B2	124016	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6)O)O)O)O)O)C7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)O)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C(=C8)O)O)O	882.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cinnamtannin B1	475277	Click to see	864.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cinnamtannin B2	16130973	Click to see	1153.00	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cinnamtannin D1	46173958	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=C3C(=CC5=C4C6C(C(O5)(OC7=CC(=CC(=C67)O)O)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)O)O)O)O)C9=CC(=C(C=C9)O)O)O)O)O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O	864.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
Epicatechin-(4beta->8)-epicatechin-(2beta->7,4beta->8)-catechin	10350652	Click to see	864.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
Proanthocyanidin A1	9872976	Click to see	576.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Procyanidin A2	124025	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC3=C2C4C(C(O3)(OC5=CC(=CC(=C45)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O)C7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)O)O	576.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Procyanidin B1	11250133	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O	578.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Procyanidin B3	146798	Click to see	578.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Procyanidin B6	474540	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=C(C(=C2)O)C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O	578.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Procyanidin B7	13990893	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=C(C(=C2)O)C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O	578.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Procyanidin B8	474541	Click to see	578.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
Epicatechin	72276	Click to see	290.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol	5280863	Click to see	286.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see	302.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-Dihydroxy-3-((2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxan-2-yl)Oxy-Chromen-4-one	12304323	Click to see	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	11972444	Click to see	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	26202188	Click to see	434.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Avicularin	5490064	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	434.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Guaijaverin	5481224	Click to see	434.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Hyperoside	5281643	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isoquercitin	10813969	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside	5320861	Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O	434.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin-3-o-alpha-d-arabinofuranoside	11968848	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	434.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercitrin	5280459	Click to see	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Salacia madagascariensis

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