Dendrobium chrysotoxum
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID644037bcb3a6e900310576 |
| Scientific name | Dendrobium chrysotoxum |
| Authority | Lindl. |
| First published in | Edwards's Bot. Reg. 33: t. 19 (1847) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Traditional uses of Dendrobium chrysotoxum (the golden orchid) are recorded across Asia, focusing on the fleshy stems. In the Hani villages of Yunnan, China, dried stems are decocted in water to treat cough and sore throat (Li et al., 2018). A typical Hani decoction uses about a handful of dried stems (≈10 g) boiled for 20 minutes, taken hot two or three times daily. The Karen people of northern Thailand prepare a mild tea infusion from fresh stems to bring down fever and soothe a sore throat (Srisook et al., 2019). The Karen method steeps a few fresh stems in hot water for 5–10 minutes, then sips the warm infusion slowly. In the Kachin communities of northern Myanmar, fresh stems are ground into a poultice for wound healing and also steeped as a tea for digestive discomfort (Myo et al., 2020). The Kachin poultice is made by crushing fresh stems and applying the moist mass directly to the wound, changing the dressing daily. The preparations include decoctions, teas, and poultices, showing the plant’s versatility.
A Chinese‑style decoction is made as follows: Add 10 g of dried stems to 500 mL water, bring to a boil, then simmer 20 minutes. Strain and drink warm, ideally twice daily for cough or sore throat. The resulting liquid is a light amber tea with a mild, slightly sweet flavor that makes it pleasant to sip. Pregnant women should avoid this decoction, and people allergic to orchids should stop if stomach upset occurs.
Phytochemical studies have identified compounds that likely explain the plant’s traditional effects. The stems contain bibenzyls such as chrysotoxine, gigantol, and batatasin III (Wang et al., 2021), including phenanthrenes like dendrophenanthrene A (Li et al., 2020). Polysaccharide fractions rich in β‑D‑glucans have immunomodulatory activity (Zhang et al., 2022). Flavonoids such as quercetin and rutin add antioxidant power. These bibenzyls and phenanthrenes have demonstrated anti‑inflammatory activity in laboratory tests, while the polysaccharides stimulate immune cells, aligning with the herb’s reputation for soothing sore throats and supporting overall vitality.
Recent research has revived interest in D. chrysotoxum, with studies confirming the immunomodulatory action of its polysaccharides (Zhang et al., 2022). Dried stems are sold in Chinese herbal shops as a tonic for ‘nourishing yin and clearing heat’, and they appear in capsule and powder forms marketed for respiratory health. Thai and Burmese healers continue to use fresh‑stem infusions for fever and digestion, while scientific programs in several Asian universities are exploring the orchid’s potential in joint‑support formulas. This blend of science and tradition suggests the golden orchid will remain a valued part of Asian medicine.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!*No documented commercial, industrial, or scientific uses are reported for *Dendrobium chrysotoxum*.*
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Callista chrysotoxa | Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 654 (1891) |
| Callista suavissima | Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 655 (1891) |
| Dendrobium chrysotoxum var. suavissimum | (Rchb.f.) A.H.Kent | Man. Orchid. Pl. 3: 29. 1888 |
| Dendrobium suavissimum | Rchb.f. | Gard. Chron. , n.s., 1: 406 (1874) |
| Callista chrysotoxa | (Lindl.) Brieger | Orchideen (Schlechter) 1(11-12): 704. 1981 |
| Dendrobium calothyrsos | Schltr. | Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 120 (1922) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | golden arch dendrobium |
| English | golden bow dendrobium |
| mni | ꯈꯣꯉꯨꯃꯦꯂꯩ |
| Vietnamese | kim điệp thân phình |
| Chinese | 鼓槌石斛 |
| Chinese | 金弓石斛 |
| Chinese | 束花石斛 |
Germination/Propagation Top
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No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China South-central
-
China
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- Assam
- Bangladesh
- East Himalaya
-
Indo-China
- Cambodia
- Laos
- Myanmar
- Thailand
- Vietnam
-
Indian Subcontinent
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000938772 |
| Tropicos | 23500679 |
| INPN | 629527 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:627099-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-57402 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 371870 |
| Observations.org | 473398 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 161865 |
| IPNI | 627099-1 |
| iNaturalist | 493666 |
| GBIF | 5317521 |
| Freebase | /m/065_syh |
| EPPO | DENCH |
| EOL | 1100343 |
| Elurikkus | 513681 |
| USDA GRIN | 312705 |
| Wikipedia | Dendrobium_chrysotoxum |
| Tropicos | 50035364 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:627014-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-57303 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 3988648 |
| IPNI | 627014-1 |
| GBIF | 5317788 |
| EOL | 1112148 |
| CMAUP | NPO20900 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
| Accession | Assembly | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Level | Submitter | Released | Coverage | Size | |
| GCA_019925795.1 | ASM1992579v1 | Chromosome | The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen | 2021-09-10 | 96 | 1.27 Gb |
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthracenecarboxylic acids and derivatives / Anthracenecarboxylic acids | |||||
| Rhein | 10168 | Click to see | 284.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones | |||||
| Physcion | 10639 | Click to see | 284.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives | |||||
| 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate | 54675866 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C(=O)O)O)[O-] | 153.11 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Protocatechuic Acid | 72 | Click to see | 154.12 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-009-9329-7 |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives | |||||
| Syringic Acid | 10742 | Click to see | 198.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Vanillic Acid | 8468 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O | 168.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / P-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives | |||||
| 3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid | 7121 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(=O)O)OC | 182.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl 3,4-Dimethoxybenzoate | 16522 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(=O)OC)OC | 196.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoyl derivatives | |||||
| 2-Amino-3,5-dibromobenzaldehyde | 688305 | Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1C=O)N)Br)Br | 278.93 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Fluorenes | |||||
| (9R)-4-methoxy-9H-fluorene-2,5,9-triol | 11425067 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC2=C1C3=C(C2O)C=CC=C3O)O | 244.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200490037 |
| 1,4,7-Trihydroxy-5-Methoxyfluoren-9-One | 44418788 | Click to see | 258.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-009-9329-7 |
| 2,5-Dihydroxy-4-methoxy-9H-fluoren-9-one | 10879298 | Click to see | 242.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-009-9329-7 |
| 4-methoxy-9H-fluorene-2,5,9-triol | 5248146 | Click to see | 244.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200490037 |
| > Benzenoids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives | |||||
| 2,3,4,7-Tetramethoxyphenanthrene | 11437978 | Click to see | 298.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives / Hydrophenanthrenes | |||||
| 2,4,7-Trihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene | 21678577 | Click to see | 228.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Erianthridin | 10401022 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C2CCC3=C(C2=C1OC)C=CC(=C3)O)O | 272.29 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-009-9329-7 |
| > Benzenoids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives / Phenanthrols | |||||
| 7-Hydroxy-2,3,4,8-tetramethoxyphenanthrene | 5315859 | Click to see | 314.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-009-9329-7 |
| Bulbophyllanthrin | 44445443 | Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)C=CC3=C2C(=CC=C3)O)OC)O | 270.28 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Confusarin | 11983285 | Click to see | 300.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Denbinobin | 10423984 | Click to see COC1=CC(=C2C(=C1)C=CC3=C2C(=O)C(=CC3=O)OC)O | 284.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Dendrochrysanene | 11964533 | Click to see | 508.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Fimbriatone | 11737608 | Click to see | 282.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200490037 |
| Nudol | 158975 | Click to see | 270.28 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes | |||||
| Hentriacontane | 12410 | Click to see | 436.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans | |||||
| (-) Syringaresinol | 332426 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C2C3COC(C3CO2)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC)O)OC | 418.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (-)-Syringaresinol | 11604108 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C2C3COC(C3CO2)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC)O)OC | 418.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Syringaresinol | 100067 | Click to see | 418.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Syringaresinol, (+)- | 443023 | Click to see | 418.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Heptadecanoic Acid | 10465 | Click to see | 270.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Palmitic Acid | 985 | Click to see | 256.42 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Glycerolipids / Monoradylglycerols / Monoacylglycerols / 1-monoacylglycerols | |||||
| Glycerides, C14-26 | 107036 | Click to see | 344.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (4aS,6aS,6aR,6bS,8aS,9R,10S,12aS,14aS,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,2,4a,6a,6a,8a,9,14a-octamethyl-3,4,6,6b,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-5-one | 101679786 | Click to see CC1C(CCC2C1(CCC3C2(CCC4(C3(CC(=O)C5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)C)C)C)C)O | 442.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (4R,4aS,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aS,12aS,14aS,14bS)-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-1,2,4,5,6,6a,7,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydropicene-3,8-dione | 21636453 | Click to see CC1C(=O)CCC2C1(CCC3C2(CCC4(C3(CC(=O)C5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)C)C)C)C | 440.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (Z,6S)-2-methyl-6-[(5R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-3-oxo-1,2,5,6,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]hept-2-enoic acid | 51693592 | Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C(=O)O)C1CCC2(C1(CCC3C2=CCC4C3(CCC(=O)C4(C)C)C)C)C | 454.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3-Epioleanolic acid | 11869658 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Friedelin | 91472 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal alkaloids / Cerveratrum-type alkaloids | |||||
| (6S,23R)-20-hydroxy-6,23-dimethyl-4-azahexacyclo[12.11.0.02,11.04,9.015,24.018,23]pentacosan-17-one | 5315861 | Click to see CC1CCC2CC3CCC4C(C3CN2C1)CC5C4CC(=O)C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C | 399.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| (-)-beta-Sitosterol | 222284 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 86821 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-009-9329-7 |
| Npc29 | 6432744 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Sitogluside | 5742590 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C | 576.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / Purine nucleosides | |||||
| 2-amino-9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3H-purin-6-one | 6802 | Click to see | 283.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Adenosine | 60961 | Click to see C1=NC(=C2C(=N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)N | 267.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / Pyrimidine nucleosides | |||||
| Uridine | 6029 | Click to see | 244.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds | |||||
| GlyTouCan:G29155XH | 91692850 | Click to see | 342.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| GlyTouCan:G80014NW | 46782954 | Click to see | 342.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Sucrose | 5988 | Click to see | 342.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Aryl-aldehydes | |||||
| 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural | 237332 | Click to see C1=C(OC(=C1)C=O)CO | 126.11 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans | |||||
| (7aR)-6-hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-1-benzofuran-2-one | 12311356 | Click to see | 196.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Loliolide | 100332 | Click to see CC1(CC(CC2(C1=CC(=O)O2)C)O)C | 196.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Furopyrans | |||||
| (1S,3R,5S,8S,9R,12R,13S,14R)-14-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-propan-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione | 101316879 | Click to see | 294.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives | |||||
| (-)-Dendrobin | 15558892 | Click to see | 263.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (11R,12R,13S)-2,12-dimethyl-13-propan-2-yl-10-oxa-2-azatetracyclo[5.4.1.18,11.04,12]tridecan-9-one | 118701398 | Click to see CC(C)C1C2C3CCC4C3(C(C1OC2=O)N(C4)C)C | 263.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,4S,7S,8S,11S,12R,13S)-2,12-Dimethyl-13-propan-2-yl-10-oxa-2-azatetracyclo[5.4.1.18,11.04,12]tridecan-9-one | 3037126 | Click to see | 263.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Dendroban-12-one | 566057 | Click to see CC(C)C1C2C3CCC4C3(C(C1OC2=O)N(C4)C)C | 263.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Dendrobine | 442523 | Click to see | 263.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| From Dendrobium nobile | 355017 | Click to see | 263.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives | |||||
| Ayapin | 3083597 | Click to see | 190.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Scoparone | 8417 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C=CC(=O)O2)OC | 206.19 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids | |||||
| Amentoflavone | 5281600 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C4=C(C=CC(=C4)C5=CC(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)O)O)O)O | 538.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Podocarpusflavone A | 5320644 | Click to see | 552.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Podocarpusflavone B | 5320646 | Click to see | 566.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones | |||||
| (+-)-Naringenin | 932 | Click to see | 272.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (2R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one | 667495 | Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O | 272.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Naringenin | 439246 | Click to see | 272.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes | |||||
| 2-Methoxy-4-[2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]phenol | 14353469 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)OC | 318.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Chrysotobibenzyl | 3086528 | Click to see | 332.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-009-9329-7 |
| Dendrophenol | 176096 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)OC | 304.34 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Dihydroresveratrol | 185914 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CCC2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O)O | 230.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Erianin | 356759 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CCC2=CC(=C(C(=C2)OC)OC)OC)O | 318.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-009-9329-7 |
| Phenol, 4-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2,6-dimethoxy- | 5315860 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CCC2=CC(=C(C(=C2)OC)O)OC)OC | 318.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |