Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

The dried flower buds of Rosa chinensis, known as Mei Gui Hua in Chinese medicine, have a long tradition of being brewed as a mild tea to regulate Qi and blood and to ease menstrual cramps (according to the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China, 2020, and Bensky et al., 2004). Among the Hani people of Yunnan, fresh leaves are boiled for about twenty minutes to make a decoction that is taken for abdominal pain and digestive upset (according to He et al., 2015). In the Sherpa communities of the Makalu‑Barun region in Nepal, dried petals are steeped in hot water for eight to ten minutes and the resulting infusion is used to soothe colds and sore throats (according to Khanal et al., 2012). These three traditions illustrate that the plant’s parts – the flower buds and leaves – are prepared as infusions, decoctions, or simple teas.

To make the traditional rose‑bud tea, use about 6 g (roughly one level tablespoon) of dried petals and pour 250 ml of freshly boiled water over them. Cover the cup and let the mixture steep for five to seven minutes, then strain out the solids. One cup can be drunk two to three times a day, especially during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Safety note: pregnant women in the first trimester should limit the drink to a single cup a day; people known to be allergic to plants in the Rosaceae family should avoid the tea; no major drug interactions have been reported, but moderation is advisable.

The petals of Rosa chinensis contain a suite of well‑documented phytochemicals. Flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol have been identified in high amounts (Shen et al., 2017). Anthocyanins like cyanidin‑3‑glucoside give the flowers their vivid colour and contribute antioxidant capacity. Phenolic acids, notably gallic acid, are also present, while the fresh petals can provide up to 100 mg of vitamin C per 100 g of tissue (Shen et al., 2017). The essential‑oil fraction is dominated by citronellol and geraniol (Yang & Liu, 2020). These compounds are consistently reported for Rosa chinensis and plausibly underlie the anti‑inflammatory, antioxidant and mild analgesic effects that support its traditional uses.

Modern scientific work has confirmed that rose‑bud extracts show antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory activity in cell and animal studies, leading to commercial products marketed as dietary supplements and skin‑care serums (Kwon et al., 2015). The dried buds are still sold in Chinese herbal shops, and the simple tea described above continues to be brewed in homes across Yunnan and in Sherpa villages, showing that ethnobotanical knowledge remains part of everyday practice.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
The main products are steam‑distilled essential oil (commonly called rose Otto), solvent‑extracted absolute, and hydrodistilled rose water, together with tinctures and flavoring formulations. Trade forms include botanical extracts standardized for specific fragrance profiles.

Industrial and craft applications:
Rose absolute and essential oil are core ingredients in fine fragrance creation (top/heart notes) and in personal‑care and household fragrances. They serve as fragrance components in detergents, soaps, shampoos, and cleaning products, and as natural flavoring in select beverage bases and confectionery applications.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Rose water and rose distillate are used as flavoring agents in syrups, beverages, desserts, and baked goods, and rose Absolute is employed where a strong floral note is required. Products may be sold as natural flavoring extracts or as “floral water” ingredients for manufacturers of drinks and confectionery.

Colorants and tanning:
Whole‑flower extracts contribute a pale pink coloration to foods and cosmetics due to anthocyanins; these are used as natural colorants only where the intensity is appropriate and permissible.

Wood and fiber:
Pruned stems and canes of cultivated roses are used for craftwork such as wreaths, trellises, and garden plant supports, and the tough bast fibers in the stems have been used historically for twine and light rope making. These applications utilize mechanical strength and flexibility rather than timber properties.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
Rose materials provide characteristic floral, rosy, honeyed notes (citronellol, geraniol, nerol, phenylethyl alcohol) that enable accords in perfumery and personal‑care formulations. The oil’s volatile profile also contributes to its value in fragrance creation.

Properties relevant to use:
The essential oil is rich in citronellol, geraniol, nerol, and phenylethyl alcohol, which impart the characteristic rosy scent and stability in fragrance blends. Solubility in alcohol and compatibility with surfactants support use in perfumes and toiletries; the oil’s volatility profile allows controlled evaporation rates.

Standards and regulation:
International Organization for Standardization specifications exist for rose oil (ISO 9842) describing composition and quality parameters. International Fragrance Association (IFRA) Standards regulate fragrance usage, including allergen reporting and limits where applicable. National and regional food additive and cosmetic ingredient frameworks govern permitted uses and purity for rose products as flavorings or cosmetic raw materials.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Commercial supply relies on cultivated hybrid tea, tea‑china, and damask‑type cultivars under high labor intensity for hand‑harvesting and processing. Sustainable sourcing programs focus on agronomic practices, traceability, and quality‑control to meet commercial specifications for oil content and profile.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Rosa chinensis f. spontanea	Rehder & E.H.Wilson	Plantae wilsonianae ; 1911 320 1915
Rosa nankinensis	Lour.	Fl. Cochinch. 1: 324 (1790)
Rosa semperflorens	Curtis	Bot. Mag. 8: t. 284 (1794)
Rosa diversifolia	Vent.	Descr. Pl. Nouv. : t. 35 (1801)
Rosa longifolia	Willd.	Sp. Pl., ed. 4 , 2: 1097 (1799)
Rosa semperflorens var. minima	Sims	Curtis's botanical magazine ; 1800 t.1762 1815
Rosa indica var. vulgaris	Redout‚ & Thory	Les Roses ; 1817 51, t.14 1817
Rosa bengalensis	Pers.	Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2(1): 50. 1806 [Nov 1806]
Rosa lawranceana	Sweet	Hort. Suburb. Lond. : 119 (1818)
Rosa rouletii	Correvon	Gard. Chron. , ser. 3, 72: 342 (1922)
Rosa indica	Lour.	Flora cochinchinensis ; 1790 323 1790
Rosa indica var. semperflorens	(W.M.Curtis) Ser.	Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis ; 1823 601 1825
Rosa nanula	Hoffmanns.	Verz. Pfl.-Kult. , Nachtr. 1: 108 (1824)
Rosa indica var. humilis	Ser.	; 1818 44 1818
Rosa laurentiae	Tratt.	Rosacearum monographia ; 1823 105 1823
Rosa indica var. minima	Bean	Trees and shrubs hardy in the British Isles ; 1914 430 1914
Rosa indica var. longifolia	(Willd.) Lindl.	Rosarum Monographia: or, a botanical History of Roses ; 1820 106 1820
Rosa indica	Focke	Die Pflanzen-Mischlinge, ein Beitrag zur Biologie der Gew„chse ; 1881 139 1881
Rosa indica	Redout‚ & Thory	Les Roses ; 1817 49, t.13 1817
Rosa chinensis var. spontanea	(Rehder & E.H.Wilson) T.T.Yu & T.C.Ku	Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 37: 423 (1985)
Rosa sinica	L.	Syst. Veg., ed. 13. : 394 (1774)
Rosa chinensis var. semperflorens	(W.M.Curtis) Koehne	Deut. Dendrol. : 281 (1893)
Rosa indica	Lindl.	Ros. Monogr. : 106 (1820)
Rosa chinensis var. minima	(Sims) Voss	Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 257 (1894)
Rosa chinensis var. longifolia	(Willd.) Rehder	Cycl. Amer. Hort. 4: 1551 (1902)
Rosa monstrosa	Breiter	Hort. Breiter. : 425 (1817)
Rosa bengalensis var. chinensis	(Jacq.) Pers.	Syn. Pl. 2: 50 (1806)
Rosa semperflorens var. molinerii	Spin	Jard. St. Sebastien , ed. 1818: 33 (1818)
Rosa chinensis prol. indica	(Koehne) R.Keller	Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(1): 45 (1900)
Rosa chinensis prol. semperflorens	(W.M.Curtis) R.Keller	Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(1): 45 (1900)
Rosa bengalensis unranked odorata	Wallr.	Ros. Pl. Gen. Hist. : 107 (1828)
Rosa bengalensis unranked odoratissima	Wallr.	Ros. Pl. Gen. Hist. : 107 (1828)
Rosa chinensis var. devoniensis	Rehder	Cycl. Amer. Hort. 4: 1551 (1902)
Rosa indica var. bengalensis	K.Koch	Hort. Dendrol. : 122 (1853)
Rosa indica unranked pumila	Thory	Roses 1: 115 (1817)
Rosa semperflorens unranked carnea	Rössig
Rosa semperflorens var. manettii	Regel	Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 5: 357 (1878)
Rosa semperflorens unranked minor	Andrews	Roses 2: t. 73 (1826)
Rosa semperflorens unranked simplex	Andrews	Roses 2: t. 74 (1805-1828)
Rosa semperflorens var. viridiflora	Regel	Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 5: 357 (1878)
Rosa semperflorens var. longifolia	(Willd.) Regel	Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 5: 356 (1878)
Rosa chinensis subsp. indica	Koehne	Deut. Dendrol. : 281 (1893)
Rosa chinensis var. indica	(Koehne) Rehder	Cycl. Amer. Hort. 4: 1551 (1902)
Rosa chinensis f. mutabilis	Rehder	J. Arnold Arbor. 20: 98 (1939)
Rosa chinensis unranked semperflorens	K.Koch	Dendrologie 1: 273 (1869)
Rosa chinensis unranked viridiflora	Dippel	Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 562 (1893)
Rosa chinensis f. viridiflora	(Lavallée) C.K.Schneid.	Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 546 (1905)
Rosa diversifolia var. viridiflora	Lavallée	Hort. Franç. 1856: 218 (1856)
Rosa indica var. pumila	(Thory) Lindl.	Ros. Monogr. : 106 (1820)
Rosa indica var. vulgaris	Thory	Roses 1: 51 (1817)
Rosa semperflorens unranked carnea	Redouté	Roses 1: t. 19 (1817)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	rosa chinensis spontanea
English	chinese rose
Arabic	ورد صيني
Assamese	ৰ’জা চাইনেন্ছিছ
Assamese	চীনা গোলাপ
Bulgarian	китайска роза
Bengali	বেঙ্গল ক্রিমসন
Bengali	বাংলা গোলাপ
Bengali	রোসা চিনেনসিস
Bengali	বেঙ্গল বিউটি
Bengali	চীনা গোলাপ
Bengali	চায়না গোলাপ
Bengali	কাঁটা গোলাপ
Czech	růže čínská
Esperanto	Ĉina rozo
Persian	رز چینی
French	rosier de chine
Armenian	մասրենի չինական
Indonesian	mawar tiongkok
Japanese	コウシンバラ
Japanese	庚申薔薇
Japanese	ロサ・キネンシス
Korean	월계화
lzh	月季
Malayalam	റോസാ ചിനെൻസിസ്
mnc	ᠪᡳᠶᠠᠯᠠᡵᡳ ᡳᠯᡥᠠ
Punjab	چینی گلاب
Russian	Индийская роза
Russian	Шиповник китайский
Russian	Роза индийская
Russian	Роза бенгальская
Russian	Бенгальская роза
Russian	rosier de la chine
Russian	rose du bengale
Russian	china rose
Russian	bengal rose
Russian	Роза китайская
Slovak	ruža čínska
Swedish	kinarosor
Ukrainian	Троянда китайська
Urdu	چینی گلاب
Vietnamese	hồng trung hoa
Vietnamese	hoa hồng
Chinese	月季花
Chinese	月季
Chinese	紫月季花
Chinese	单瓣月季花
Chinese	月月红
Chinese	月月花
Chinese	庚申蔷薇

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Rosa chinensis f. viridiflora	(Lavall‚e) C.K.Schneid.	Illustriertes Handbuch der Laubholzkunde ; 1904 546 1905

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!

No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Gulf Of Guinea Islands

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China South-central
  - Inner Mongolia
- Eastern Asia
  - Korea
- Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan
  - Uzbekistan

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam
  - Nepal
  - Pakistan
- Indo-China
  - Laos
  - Vietnam

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - Queensland
  - Western Australia

Europe click to expand
- Middle Europe
  - Belgium
- Southeastern Europe
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy

Northern America click to expand
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama

Pacific click to expand
- South-central Pacific
  - Cook Islands
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Vanuatu

Southern America click to expand
- Central America
  - Guatemala

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0001014372
UNII	2QQW202A4W
Flora of Alabama	3196
USDA Plants	ROCH
Tropicos	27801139
INPN	118090
Flora of Italy	12638
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:732029-1
The Plant List	rjp-6032
Open Tree Of Life	1054817
NCBI Taxonomy	74649
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0200003022
Nature Serve	2.154149
IPNI	732029-1
iNaturalist	133614
GBIF	3005039
Freebase	/m/026rs28
EPPO	ROSCH
EOL	242578
Elurikkus	6905
USDA GRIN	5318
Wikipedia	Rosa_chinensis
Tropicos	27807481
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:734278-1
The Plant List	rjp-11874
IPNI	734278-1
USDA GRIN	32172
Tropicos	27806264
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:924467-1
The Plant List	rjp-11741
Open Tree Of Life	489296
NCBI Taxonomy	197613
IPNI	924467-1
GBIF	3008544
Tropicos	27807490
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:2967302-4
The Plant List	rjp-11875
Open Tree Of Life	722507
Observations.org	766870
NCBI Taxonomy	1036027
GBIF	7543710
CMAUP	NPO18093

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCF_002994745.2	RchiOBHm-V2	Chromosome	INRA/CNRS	2019-01-15	80	491.26 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Comprehensive evaluation and application of woody plants in the green spaces of parks in saline–Alkaline areas from a low-carbon perspective: A case study of Tianjin Qiaoyuan Park

Bai J, Wang H

PLoS One

10-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11086879
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0303341
PMID:	38728347

RhMED15a-like, a subunit of the Mediator complex, is involved in the drought stress response in Rosa hybrida

Xie N, Shi H, Shang X, Zhao Z, Fang Y, Wu H, Luo P, Cui Y, Chen W

BMC Plant Biol

30-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11059607
doi:	10.1186/s12870-024-05059-8
PMID:	38684962

Chromosome-scale genome assembly and annotation of Cotoneaster glaucophyllus

Meng K, Liao W, Wei S, Chen S, Li M, Ma Y, Fan Q

Sci Data

22-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11035681
doi:	10.1038/s41597-024-03246-8
PMID:	38649372

Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression of C2H2 zinc finger gene family in Opisthopappus species under salt stress

Zhou X, Gao T, Zhang Y, Han M, Shen Y, Su Y, Feng X, Wu Q, Sun G, Wang Y

BMC Genomics

19-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11027532
doi:	10.1186/s12864-024-10273-7

A novel O-methyltransferase Cp4MP-OMT catalyses the final step in the biosynthesis of the volatile 1,4-dimethoxybenzene in pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) flowers

Hoepflinger MC, Barman M, Dötterl S, Tenhaken R

BMC Plant Biol

17-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11022444
doi:	10.1186/s12870-024-04955-3

Haplotype-resolved genome assembly of the diploid Rosa chinensis provides insight into the mechanisms underlying key ornamental traits

Zhang X, Wu Q, Lan L, Peng D, Guan H, Luo K, Bao M, Bendahmane M, Fu X, Wu Z

Mol Hortic

16-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11020927
doi:	10.1186/s43897-024-00088-1
PMID:	38622744

GmMYB114 Facilitates the Synthesis of Anthocyanins in Soybean Sprouts under Blue Light

Jia L, Xu H, Xu X, Gao K, Zhao K, Dong J, Su N

Plants (Basel)

16-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11055127
doi:	10.3390/plants13081107
PMID:	38674516

Cotyledonary somatic embryo is one kind of intermediate material similar to callus in the process of in vitro tissue culture from Rosa hybrida ‘John F. Kennedy’

Du L, Kang X, Guo H, Zhu Z, Wu R, Yuan M, Ding C

BMC Genomics

12-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11010427
doi:	10.1186/s12864-024-10256-8
PMID:	38609856

Genome-Wide Analysis of the WRKY Transcription Factor Family in Roses and Their Putative Role in Defence Signalling in the Rose–Blackspot Interaction

Domes HS, Debener T

Plants (Basel)

10-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11054901
doi:	10.3390/plants13081066
PMID:	38674474

Overexpression of a Fragaria vesca NAM, ATAF, and CUC (NAC) Transcription Factor Gene (FvNAC29) Increases Salt and Cold Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Li W, Li H, Wei Y, Han J, Wang Y, Li X, Zhang L, Han D

Int J Mol Sci

06-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11012600
doi:	10.3390/ijms25074088
PMID:	38612898

Transcriptome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Genes Encoding Defense-Related Peptides of Filipendula ulmaria in Response to Bipolaris sorokiniana Infection

Istomina EA, Korostyleva TV, Kovtun AS, Slezina MP, Odintsova TI

J Fungi (Basel)

28-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11050963
doi:	10.3390/jof10040258
PMID:	38667929

The Identification and Analysis of the Self-Incompatibility Pollen Determinant Factor SLF in Lycium barbarum

Wu J, Nan X, Zhang X, Xu W, Ma H, Yang Z, Wang C

Plants (Basel)

26-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11013074
doi:	10.3390/plants13070959
PMID:	38611487

Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation-Based Proteomics Analysis Revealed Proteins Involved in Drought Response during the Germination Stage in Faba Bean

Liu C, Yang F, Li L, Han X, Chen H, Sha A, Jiao C

Metabolites

21-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10971895
doi:	10.3390/metabo14030175
PMID:	38535335

Pestalotiopsis jiangsuensis sp. nov. Causing Needle Blight on Pinus massoniana in China

Li H, Peng BY, Xie JY, Bai YQ, Li DW, Zhu LH

J Fungi (Basel)

21-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10970983
doi:	10.3390/jof10030230
PMID:	38535238

Local knowledge of homegarden plants in Miao ethnic communities in Laershan region, Xiangxi area, China

Luo J, Li Q, He J, Yan J, Zhang S, Chang X, Wu T

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

18-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10946099
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00676-x
PMID:	38500123

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives
Phenylethyl Alcohol	6054	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCO	122.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate	54675866	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C(=O)O)O)[O-]	153.11	unknown	via CMAUP database
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid	135	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O	138.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives
3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoate	54675821	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)[O-])O)C(=O)O	169.11	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid	370	Click to see	170.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Galloyl esters
Ethyl gallate	13250	Click to see CCOC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O	198.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Vanillate	54675858	Click to see	167.14	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenol ethers / Anisoles
1,3,5-Trimethoxybenzene	69301	Click to see	168.19	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids
Hydron phenoxide	20488062	Click to see	94.11	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Catechols
4-Methylcatechol	9958	Click to see	124.14	unknown	via CMAUP database
Catechol	289	Click to see	110.11	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Resorcinols
Resorcinol	5054	Click to see	110.11	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea	5395837	Click to see	225.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol	7144	Click to see CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)OC	138.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-Hydroxy-4-Methoxybenzaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone	6870649	Click to see	225.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-Methoxy-5-Methylphenol	76674	Click to see	138.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-Methoxyphenol	9007	Click to see	124.14	unknown	via CMAUP database
Eugenol	3314	Click to see	164.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
Hydrazinecarbothioamide, 2-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-	704492	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C=NNC(=S)N)O	225.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isoeugenol	853433	Click to see	164.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters / Fatty acid methyl esters
monoMethyl succinate	77487	Click to see	132.11	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
3,5,5-Trimethyl-1-hexanol	18938	Click to see CC(CCO)CC(C)(C)C	144.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
beta-CITRONELLOL, (R)-	101977	Click to see	156.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
Linalool, (-)-	443158	Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C=C)O)C	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
Neral	643779	Click to see	152.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Nerol	643820	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCO)C)C	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (1R,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9S,10R,11R,12aS,14bS)-1,10,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	162914382	Click to see	666.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.157
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Diterpene lactones
Methyl 2,12,14-triacetyloxy-3,16-dihydroxy-4,13,17-trimethyl-5-oxo-6-oxatricyclo[11.4.0.03,7]heptadec-8-ene-9-carboxylate	73820764	Click to see	554.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199806)12:4<261::AID-PTR290>3.0.CO;2-9
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Npc112866	49867939	Click to see	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Npc62469	49867942	Click to see	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Sphingolipids / Glycosphingolipids
Glucosylceramide (plant)	73156994	Click to see	714.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB1961.54.3355
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Sphingolipids / Glycosphingolipids / Simple glycosylceramides / Glycosyl-N-acylsphingosines
(2R)-2-hydroxy-N-[(2R,3S,4E,8E)-3-hydroxy-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoctadeca-4,8-dien-2-yl]hexadecanamide	162973748	Click to see	714.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB1961.54.3355
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cycloartanols and derivatives
(6S,7S,12S,16R)-7,12,16-trimethyl-15-[(2R)-6-methyl-5-methylideneheptan-2-yl]pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecan-6-ol	50986194	Click to see	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Ergostane steroids / Ergosterols and derivatives
(8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-17-((2R,5R)-5,6-Dimethylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	51051617	Click to see	400.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Peptides / Oligopeptides
2-((Aminoacetyl)amino)-N~1~-(2-((2-((2-((2-amino-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl)amino)-1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxoethyl)amino)-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl)amino)-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl)succinamide	360126	Click to see	488.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
Chlorogenic Acid	1794427	Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O	354.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
cis-Chlorogenic acid	1794425	Click to see	354.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Shikimic acids and derivatves
Shikimic acid (Shikimate)	49867941	Click to see	174.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Cyanogenic glycosides
2-Phenyl-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyacetonitrile	576072	Click to see	295.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)84190-4
Prunasin	119033	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C#N)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	295.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)84190-4
Sambunigrin	91434	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C#N)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	295.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)84190-4
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Ketene acetals
(1Z,3E)-1,4-diaminobuta-1,3-diene-1,4-diolate	53338995	Click to see C(=C(N)[O-])C=C(N)[O-]	114.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids
(1R,2S)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-[(2R,3R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]propane-1,3-diol	102341605	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC2=C1OC(C2CO)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)OC)OC(CO)C(C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)OC)O)OC)CCCO	586.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80144-6
(1R,2S)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-[(2R,3S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]propane-1,3-diol	163024289	Click to see	586.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80144-6
1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-[(2R,3S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]propane-1,3-diol	89738337	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC2=C1OC(C2CO)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)OC)OC(CO)C(C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)OC)O)OC)CCCO	586.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80144-6
2-[4-[(2R,3S)-3-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl]-2,6-dimethoxy-phenoxy]propane-1,3-diol	71591634	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC2=C1OC(C2CO)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)OC)OC(CO)CO)OC)CCCO	464.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80144-6
2-[4-[(2S,3R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]propane-1,3-diol	11081087	Click to see	464.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80144-6
2-[4-[2,3-Dihydro-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7-methoxy-2-benzofuranyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanediol	14524440	Click to see	586.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80144-6
2-[4-[3-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]propane-1,3-diol	14524442	Click to see	464.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80144-6
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
heptacosyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	101420979	Click to see	572.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199806)12:4<261::AID-PTR290>3.0.CO;2-9
Hexacosyl (E)-ferulate	5318033	Click to see	558.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199806)12:4<261::AID-PTR290>3.0.CO;2-9
Octacosyl ferulate	5743442	Click to see	586.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199806)12:4<261::AID-PTR290>3.0.CO;2-9
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
Caffeic Acid	689043	Click to see	180.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
cis-Caffeic acid	1549111	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)O)O)O	180.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cis-P-Coumaric Acid	1549106	Click to see	164.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
P-Coumaric Acid	637542	Click to see	164.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol	1203	Click to see	290.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB1961.54.3355
Catechin	9064	Click to see	290.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80144-6 https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB1961.54.3355
Epicatechin	72276	Click to see	290.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80144-6
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones
(+-)-Naringenin	932	Click to see	272.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB1961.54.3355
(2R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one	667495	Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O	272.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB1961.54.3355
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Kaempferol oxoanion	25202062	Click to see	285.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin-7-olate	46906036	Click to see	301.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol	5280863	Click to see	286.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see	302.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid 3-O-p-coumaroyl glycosides
[(2R,3S,6S)-6-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	44258863	Click to see	594.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
(2S)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	14524439	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C(=O)CC(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)C(=C1)OC4C(C(C(CO4)O)O)O	418.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80144-6
2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	14524438	Click to see	418.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80144-6
2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	348162	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C(=O)CC(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)C(=C1)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01618A039 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80144-6
Neosakuranin	14524443	Click to see	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80144-6
Sakuranin	73607	Click to see	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80144-6 https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01618A039
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-3-yl 6-deoxyhexopyranoside	5353915	Click to see	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl D-galactopyranoside	11751616	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
4-[5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-3-[(3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-2-yl]-2-hydroxyphenolate	54758589	Click to see	463.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(3S,4R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	22838903	Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O	418.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Afzelin	5316673	Click to see	432.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Astragalin	5282102	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Flavonol 3-O-D-glucoside	11953828	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	400.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Hyperoside	5281643	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isoquercetin	5280804	Click to see	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Kaempferol 3-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside	5481882	Click to see	418.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Kaempferol 3-O-D-Galactoside	5488283	Click to see	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Kaempferol-3-O-Rutinoside	5318767	Click to see	594.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Npc268761	12309865	Click to see	434.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-fucopyranoside	5359430	Click to see	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside	18604930	Click to see	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
quercetin 3-O-sophoroside	5282166	Click to see	626.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside	15939939	Click to see	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercitrin	5280459	Click to see	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercitrin-7-olate	49792009	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)[O-])O)O)O)O	447.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
(2S)-2,3-Dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-((6-O-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one	71728355	Click to see	586.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S)-5-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	162874071	Click to see	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01618A039
Isosakuranin	102004611	Click to see	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01618A039
Kaempferol 7-neohesperidoside	5483905	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3=CC(=C4C(=C3)OC(=C(C4=O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O	594.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Poncirenin	12304405	Click to see	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01618A039
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Isoflav-2-enes / Isoflavones
Genistein	5280961	Click to see	270.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB1961.54.3355
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
Ellagic Acid	5281855	Click to see	302.19	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Rosa chinensis

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