Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Abutilon indicum is a small shrub widely distributed in South Asia, where its roots and leaves have been used in classical medicinal traditions. In Ayurvedic practice the dried root bark is recorded as a diuretic and for urinary discomfort, prepared as a decoction taken after food, while in Unani medicine the root is used similarly for urinary tract complaints (Pharmacopoeia of India, 1996; Wealth of India, 1985). In central and southern India the leaves are made into a soothing tea for sore throat and cough (Jain and Singh, 2010). In East Africa the leaves are also infused as a tea to ease bronchial irritation (Giday et al., 2003), and in southern China the whole plant is taken as a decoction for similar respiratory relief (Chinese Materia Medica, 1999). On the western coast of India fresh leaves are crushed and applied as a poultice to soothe inflamed wounds or hemorrhoids (Sharma et al., 2012).

A practical preparation frequently cited is a mild infusion for urinary comfort: place 5–8 g of chopped dried root bark in 250 ml near‑boiling water, cover and steep for 10–15 minutes, then strain and drink 1 cup after meals, 1–2 times daily. A diuretic tincture is also common: 1:5 (w/v) root bark in 45% ethanol, macerated for 4 weeks, shaken daily; typical adult dose is 2–4 ml (about 40–80 mg root equivalent) taken with water once or twice daily. For coughs and colds a leaf infusion is used, similar in method to the root‑bark tea but using 4–6 g of fresh or dried leaves per cup. Do not exceed the stated amounts of the 1:5 tincture; the plant is considered mildly diuretic and should be avoided in pregnancy or in renal disease unless advised by a clinician.

The activity aligns with constituents well established for Abutilon indicum, notably soluble mucilages that form demulcent films, flavonoids such as quercetin that confer free‑radical scavenging and anti‑inflammatory actions, and tannins that can reduce irritation and microbial load on mucous membranes (Reddy et al., 2010; Narayanan et al., 2015). These profiles support the documented use as a soothing demulcent for urinary and respiratory mucosa.

Modern interest persists through validation of anti‑inflammatory and antimicrobial effects in the literature, and preparations of A. indicum are still sold or compounded by several Ayurvedic and Unani pharmacies in India, while ethnobotanical surveys continue to record tea and poultice applications in traditional communities (Kumar et al., 2013).

General Uses Top

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Common products:
• Bast fiber from stems for coarse twine and cordage; short fibers for paper pulp and matting; seed oil for technical applications.

Industrial and craft applications:
• Bast fiber used for twine, coarse cordage, and sacking/matting; fiber strength and length suit low-grade rope and coarse textiles.

Colorants and tanning:
• No documented non-medicinal colorants or tanning uses.

Wood and fiber:
• Stem bast fiber (bast fiber) for cordage, rope, and coarse textile applications; fiber dimensions and cellulose content support manual spinning and weaving for rustic textiles and matting.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
• No documented fragrance/cosmetics uses.

Properties relevant to use:
• Fiber: bast fiber with cellulose/lignin composition suitable for coarse cordage and pulp; tenacity and flexibility appropriate for manual twine and rope. Seed oil: primarily linoleic and oleic acids; physicochemical parameters (acid value, iodine value, saponification value) typical of semi-drying oils used in non-edible technical products.

Standards and regulation:
• No plant-specific standards identified.

Sustainability and sourcing:
• Seed oil as a minor, non-food product with low industrial scale; widely available as a weed in South Asia, favoring wild or semi-wild collection.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Sida eteromischos	Cav.	Diss. 2: 55 (1786)
Sida coronata	Scop.	Delic. Fl. Faun. Insubr. 3: 1 (1788)
Sida meridionalis	Salisb.	Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 382 (1796)
Sida guilleminiana	Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 2: 577 (1841)
Sida pubescens	Cav.	Diss. 1: 33 (1785)
Abutilon album	Hill	Brit. Herb. 49 (1756); Druce in Rep. Bot. Exch. Cl. Brit. Isles, 1913, iii. 437.
Abutilon arborescens	Medik.	Malvenfam. : 29 (1787)
Abutilon asiaticum	(L.) Sweet	Hort. Brit. : 53 (1826)
Abutilon asiaticum var. subasperum	Fosberg	Micronesica 2: 149 (1966 publ. 1967)
Abutilon asiaticum var. supraviride	Fosberg	Micronesica 2: 149 (1966 publ. 1967)
Abutilon cavaleriei	H.Lév.	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 185 (1913)
Abutilon croizatianum	Moscoso	Cat. Fl. Domingensis 1: 356 (1943)
Abutilon cunninghamii	Benth.	Fl. Austral. 1: 205 (1863)
Abutilon cysticarpum	Hance	Ann. Bot. Syst. (Walpers) 2(1): 157. 1851 [15-16 Dec 1851]
Abutilon elongatum	Moench	Suppl. Meth. (Moench) 205. 1802
Abutilon frutescens	Medik.	Malvenfam. : 29 (1787)
Abutilon hirsutissimum	Moench	Suppl. Meth. (Moench) 205. 1802 [2 May 1802]
Abutilon indicum var. albidum	(Willd.) Baker f.	J. Bot. 31: 213 (1893)
Abutilon indicum var. asiaticum	(L.) Griseb.	Fl. Brit. W. I. : 78 (1859)
Abutilon indicum var. populifolium	(Lam.) Wight & Arn.	Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 56. 1834 [10 Oct 1834]
Abutilon indicum var. welwitschii	Baker f.	J. Bot. 31: 213 (1893)
Abutilon leiospermum	Griseb.	Fl. Brit. W. I. : 79 (1859)
Abutilon populifolium	(Lam.) Sweet	Hort. Brit. : 53 (1826)
Abutilon pubescens	(Cav.) Urb.	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 32. 1919
Abutilon subpapyraceum	Hochr.	Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 6: 23 (1902)
Abutilon vesicarium	(Cav.) Sweet	Hort. Brit. : 54 (1826)
Beloere cistiflora	Shuttlew.	Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 3(5): 21, footnote. 1852 [Mar 1852] ; in A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 21. Mar 1852.
Sida indica	L.	Cent. Pl. II. 26. 1756 [2 Jun 1756]
Sida asiatica	L.	Cent. Pl. II : 26 (1756)
Sida populifolia	Lam.	Encycl. 1: 7 (1783)
Sida vesicaria	Cav.	Diss. 2, Secunda Diss. Bot. 55 (t. 14, f. 3). 1786 [Jan-Apr 1786]
Abutilon indicum var. indicum	(L.) Sweet	Illustrations of the Botany of Captain Cook's Voyage Round the World 1 1900
Sida albida	Willd.	Enum. Pl. : 722 (1809)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	indian mallow/country mallow
English	monkeybush
ace	jeuleupa
Arabic	أبو طيلون هندي
Arabic	أبي طيلون هندي
Arabic	أبا طيلون هندي
Bengali	দেশি পেটারি
Bengali	পোটারী
French	mauve indienne
Indonesian	kembang sore
Japanese	タカサゴイチビ
Kannada	ಕುರುವೆಗಿಡ
Malayalam	ഊർപ്പം
Malayalam	ഊരം
Marathi	पेटारी
Malay	kembang lohor
nan	bō-á-tún
Oriya	ପେଡିପେଡିକା
Oriya	ପେଡ଼ିପେଡ଼ିକା
Oriya	ଅତିବଳା
Tamil	வட்டத்துத்தி
Tamil	துத்திக்கீரை
Telugu	దువ్వెన బెండ
Thai	ครอบฟันสี
Vietnamese	cây cối xay
Vietnamese	cối xay
Chinese	冬葵子
Chinese	磨盘根
Chinese	磨盘草子
Chinese	磨子树
Chinese	磨谷子
Chinese	磨龙子
Chinese	磨盘草

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Abutilon indicum subsp. albescens	(Miq.) Borss.Waalk.	Blumea 14: 173 (1966)
Abutilon indicum subsp. indicum

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Macaronesia
  - Madeira
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Rwanda
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Chagos Archipelago
  - Comoros
  - Mauritius
  - Rodrigues
  - Réunion
  - Seychelles

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Oman
- China
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
  - Hainan
- Eastern Asia
  - Kazan-retto
  - Nansei-shoto
  - Ogasawara-Shoto
  - Taiwan
- Western Asia
  - Afghanistan
  - Iraq
  - Palestine

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam
  - Bangladesh
  - East Himalaya
  - India
  - Laccadive Islands
  - Maldives
  - Nepal
  - Pakistan
  - Sri Lanka
- Indo-China
  - Andaman Islands
  - Cambodia
  - Laos
  - Myanmar
  - Nicobar Nicobar
  - South China Sea
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Lesser Sunda Islands
  - Malaya
  - Philippines
  - Sulawesi

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - Norfolk Island
  - Northern Territory
  - Queensland
  - Western Australia

Pacific click to expand
- North-central Pacific
  - Hawaii
- Northwestern Pacific
  - Caroline Islands
  - Marianas
  - Wake Island
- South-central Pacific
  - Line Islands
  - Society Islands
  - Tuamotu
  - Tubuai Islands
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Fiji
  - Gilbert Islands
  - Howland-baker Islands
  - Nauru
  - Niue
  - Tokelau-manihiki
  - Vanuatu

Southern America click to expand
- Brazil
  - Brazil North
- Caribbean
  - Cuba
  - Haiti
  - Jamaica
  - Leeward Islands
  - Puerto Rico
  - Trinidad-Tobago
  - Turks-caicos Islands
  - Windward Islands
- Western South America
  - Colombia
  - Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000511989
UNII	995RVR7OMH
USDA Plants	ABIN3
Tropicos	19601227
INPN	445748
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1101632-2
The Plant List	kew-2610698
Open Tree Of Life	851840
NCBI Taxonomy	318060
Nature Serve	2.153793
IPNI	1101632-2
iNaturalist	157844
GBIF	3152634
Freebase	/m/026lrhv
EPPO	ABUIN
EOL	592448
USDA GRIN	746
Wikipedia	Abutilon_indicum
CMAUP	NPO24749

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by various ethnic tribes of Mizoram, India

Ralte L, Singh YT

PLoS One

10-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11086894
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0302792
PMID:	38728345

Unleashing the promise of emerging nanomaterials as a sustainable platform to mitigate antimicrobial resistance

Rahman S, Sadaf S, Hoque ME, Mishra A, Mubarak NM, Malafaia G, Singh J

RSC Adv

01-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11062400
doi:	10.1039/d3ra05816f
PMID:	38694553

CTAB Protocol for Obtaining High-Quality Total RNA from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Other Related Plants of the Family Malvaceae

Kaushik N, Noorani MS, Shukla K, Mirza MA, Dhir S, Alotaibi AS, Siddiqui ZH

ACS Omega

22-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11080010
doi:	10.1021/acsomega.4c00877
PMID:	38737072

Green synthesis, characterization and applications of Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract mediated chromium oxide nanoparticles

Fatima E, Arooj I, Javeed M, Yin J

Discov Nano

16-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11019192
doi:	10.1186/s11671-024-04006-8
PMID:	38625606

Leaf functional traits and resource use strategies facilitate the spread of invasive plant Parthenium hysterophorus across an elevational gradient in western Himalayas

Sharma P, Rathee S, Ahmad M, Siddiqui MH, Alamri S, Kaur S, Kohli RK, Singh HP, Batish DR

BMC Plant Biol

02-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC10985864
doi:	10.1186/s12870-024-04904-0
PMID:	38561674

Phytol from Scoparia dulcis prevents NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses during macrophage polarization

Duraisamy P, Angusamy A, Ravi S, Krishnan M, Martin LC, Manikandan B, Sundaram J, Ramar M

3 Biotech

17-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10874368
doi:	10.1007/s13205-024-03924-9
PMID:	38375513

Exploring the benefits of wild plants in dietary nutrition: investigating perspectives, choices, health impacts and sustainable practices

Anwar T, Qureshi H, Shahzadi S, Siddiqi EH, Ali HM, Abdelhamid MM, Nazim M

BMC Complement Med Ther

14-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10865668
doi:	10.1186/s12906-024-04379-4
PMID:	38355544

Surface engineered nanohybrids in plasmonic photothermal therapy for cancer: Regulatory and translational challenges

Debnath M, Debnath SK, Talpade MV, Bhatt S, Gupta PP, Srivastava R

Nanotheranostics

12-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10911973
doi:	10.7150/ntno.92639
PMID:	38444744

Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine-B and Water Densification via Eco-Friendly Synthesized Cr2O3 and Ag@Cr2O3 Using Garlic Peel Aqueous Extract

Alqarni LS, Alghamdi MD, Alshahrani AA, Alotaibi NF, Moustafa SM, Ashammari K, Alruwaili IA, Nassar AM

Nanomaterials (Basel)

31-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10857512
doi:	10.3390/nano14030289
PMID:	38334561

Unveiling the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative potential of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles mediated by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Gupta P, Singh S, Rai N, Verma A, Tiwari H, Kamble SC, Gautam HK, Gautam V

RSC Adv

30-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10825743
doi:	10.1039/d3ra06145k
PMID:	38292267

Exploring the excellence of commercial Brahmi products from Thai online markets: Unraveling phytochemical contents, antioxidant properties and DNA damage protection

Nopparat J, Sujipuli K, Ratanasut K, Weerawatanakorn M, Prasarnpun S, Thongbai B, Laothaworn W, Inthima P

Heliyon

17-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10831600
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24509
PMID:	38304802

Green and cost-effective biofabrication of copper oxide nanoparticles: Exploring antimicrobial and anticancer applications

Gebreslassie YT, Gebremeskel FG

Biotechnol Rep (Amst)

12-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10835232
doi:	10.1016/j.btre.2024.e00828
PMID:	38312482

Evaluation of the Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Abutilon indicum on Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide-Induced Proinflammatory Marker Gene Expression Changes

Sunil M, Vedavijaya T, Thakur RS, Sree P K, Ramana Yella V, Babu Sayana S

Cureus

07-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10771030
doi:	10.7759/cureus.50102
PMID:	38186405

Characterization of Sesuvium sesuvioides Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Validation of Its In Vivo Anti-hyperthyroidism Effect via Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers

Sajid-ur-Rehman M, Ishtiaq S, Khan MS, Jabeen Q, Youssef FS, Ahmed SA, Elhady SS, Ashour ML

ACS Omega

22-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10701866
doi:	10.1021/acsomega.3c06630
PMID:	38075807

Wild edible plants and their cultural significance among the Zhuang ethnic group in Fangchenggang, Guangxi, China

Liu S, Huang X, Bin Z, Yu B, Lu Z, Hu R, Long C

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

08-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10631048
doi:	10.1186/s13002-023-00623-2
PMID:	37940945

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid	135	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O	138.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid	370	Click to see	170.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.089160
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Vanillic Acid	8468	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O	168.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes
Hentriacontane	12410	Click to see	436.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
Heptacosane	11636	Click to see	380.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
Hexacosane	12407	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	366.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
Nonacosane	12409	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	408.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
Octacosane	12408	Click to see	394.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
Pentacosane	12406	Click to see	352.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
Tetracosane	12592	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	338.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
Triacontane	12535	Click to see	422.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
Tricosane	12534	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	324.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohol esters
Geranyl acetate	1549026	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCOC(=O)C)C)C	196.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.089160
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
Beta-Pinene	14896	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.089160
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(E,Z)-farnesol	1549109	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCO)C)C)C	222.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.089160
7-(5-Formyl-3,6,7-trihydroxy-1-methyl-8-propan-2-ylnaphthalen-2-yl)-2,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-4-propan-2-ylnaphthalene-1-carbaldehyde	25201041	Click to see	518.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Caryophyllene	5281515	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C2CC(C2CC1)(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.089160
Caryophyllene oxide	1742210	Click to see	220.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.089160
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Eudesmanolides, secoeudesmanolides, and derivatives
(+)-Alantolactone	72724	Click to see	232.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)80379-6 https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.089160
(+)-Isoalantolactone	73285	Click to see	232.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)80379-6 https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.089160
Bohlmann K2631	327378	Click to see	232.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)80379-6
Isohelenin	605266	Click to see	232.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)80379-6
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Lupeol	259846	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Methyl Betulinate	73493	Click to see	470.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Androstane steroids / Androgens and derivatives
Guggulsterone	6450278	Click to see	312.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Pregnane steroids / Gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives
[(1S)-1-[(8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-10,13-dimethyl-3,16-dioxo-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]ethyl] acetate	91597955	Click to see	372.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid esters
[(3R,5S,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,17R)-17-ethyl-10,13-dimethyl-16-oxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] acetate	15767893	Click to see	360.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,16S,17Z)-17-ethylidene-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-16-yl] acetate	101929524	Click to see CC=C1C(CC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C)OC(=O)C	356.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see	414.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids
DL-Threonine	205	Click to see CC(C(C(=O)O)N)O	119.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids / L-alpha-amino acids
L-Allothreonine	99289	Click to see CC(C(C(=O)O)N)O	119.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Aspartic acid and derivatives
(+-)-Aspartic Acid	424	Click to see	133.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
L-Aspartic Acid	5960	Click to see	133.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Glutamic acid and derivatives
DL-Glutamic acid	611	Click to see	147.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
L-Glutamic Acid	33032	Click to see	147.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Histidine and derivatives
DL-Histidine	773	Click to see C1=C(NC=N1)CC(C(=O)O)N	155.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
Histidine	6274	Click to see C1=C(NC=N1)CC(C(=O)O)N	155.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Leucine and derivatives
DL-leucine	857	Click to see	131.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
Leucine	6106	Click to see CC(C)CC(C(=O)O)N	131.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Serine and derivatives
DL-Serine	617	Click to see	105.09	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
L-Serine	5951	Click to see	105.09	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar acids and derivatives / Glucuronic acid derivatives
(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-6-oxohexanoic acid	25021697	Click to see C(=O)C(C(C(C(C(=O)O)O)O)O)O	194.14	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
Galactopyranuronic acid, D-	152867	Click to see	194.14	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar alcohols
Mannitol	6251	Click to see	182.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)Prop-2-Enoic Acid	2518	Click to see	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
4-Coumaric acid	322	Click to see	164.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
Caffeic Acid	689043	Click to see	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
P-Coumaric Acid	637542	Click to see	164.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097714
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Anthocyanins / Anthocyanidin-3-O-glycosides
(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-5-[(1R,2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]oxychromenylium-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	5316222	Click to see	755.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Keracyanin cation	441674	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=CC4=C(C=C(C=C4[O+]=C3C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	595.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,8-trihydroxy-7-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	10254562	Click to see	480.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-8-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-8-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	10345073	Click to see	480.40	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Abutilon indicum

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