Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Traditional ethnobotanical uses of Carica papaya are recorded in several distinct cultural contexts and involve only preparations that require extraction in water or ethanol. In the Philippines, a hot leaf infusion (tea) is taken to lower fever and mitigate the symptoms of dengue virus infection, a use described in a 2020 ethnobotanical survey (Bennett et al., 2020). In Thailand, a leaf decoction is employed as a febrifuge and for mild malaria prophylaxis, as documented in the Thai Traditional Medicine journal (Kongtawee & Boonjarasri, 2019). In West Africa, a seed decoction is the most common preparation for expelling intestinal helminths, a practice recorded in Nigeria (Oladele, Alabi & Adebisi, 2017). On Caribbean islands, a fresh leaf poultice is applied directly to wounds, burns and skin lesions, a method reported in a Caribbean ethnobotany survey (García & Sampson, 2018). Each of these preparations uses a distinct plant part: the leaf for teas, decoctions and poultices, and the seed for the anthelmintic decoction.

Below is a simple, traditional preparation for a mild leaf tea that matches the Filipino use. Measure 10–12 g of fresh, washed papaya leaves (about two medium‑size leaves), chop them coarsely, and place them in a teapot. Add 250 mL of freshly boiled water, cover, and let the leaves steep for 8–10 minutes. Strain the liquid into a cup; the resulting tea is pale green and has a mildly bitter taste. The dosage traditionally suggested is one cup taken twice a day, preferably after meals. Safety note: papaya leaf contains compounds that may stimulate uterine contractions, so pregnant women should avoid the tea, and people taking anticoagulant medication should consult a health professional before regular use.

The therapeutic actions attributed to the leaf and seed preparations are plausibly linked to a suite of well‑characterised phytochemicals. Papaya leaves are rich in the proteolytic enzyme papain, the alkaloid carpaine, flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol, and phenolic acids like chlorogenic acid, all of which possess antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory properties (Kumar, Pandey & Gupta, 2019). The seed decoction’s anthelmintic effect is largely attributed to benzyl isothiocyanate, a glucosinolate‑derived compound that disrupts parasite membranes (Oladele et al., 2017). Together, these constituents provide a biochemical basis for the observed febrifuge, anti‑malarial and anti‑helminthic activities recorded in traditional practice.

Contemporary interest in Carica papaya has turned the traditional leaf tea into a commercial product: dried leaf powders and ready‑to‑brew tea bags are sold worldwide, and standardized extracts are marketed as “papaya leaf supplements.” Ongoing clinical trials in Southeast Asia and South America are evaluating the tea’s ability to reduce dengue‑related thrombocytopenia and to support malaria‑based fever control, while the seed’s benzyl isothiocyanate is being explored as a natural anthelmintic in veterinary medicine. This blend of historic practice and modern research keeps the plant’s ethnobotanical legacy alive.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
- Fruit: fresh mesocarp consumed directly and processed into puree, juice, jam, dried slices, sauces, and frozen desserts.
- Seeds: edible after roasting, salting, or grinding for seasoning; pressed to obtain papaya seed oil.
- Latex-derived papain: proteolytic enzyme harvested from the fruit’s milky latex and supplied as a crude or purified preparation for industrial use.

Industrial and craft applications:
Papain’s ability to hydrolyze peptide bonds is employed in several non‑food sectors:
- Textile processing: used for desizing of cotton and degumming of silk, improving yarn quality.
- Brewing and beverage clarification: added to wort or wine to break down proteins that cause haze, aiding filtration.
- Leather preparation: employed as a bating agent to soften hides before tanning.
- Cleaning products: incorporated into formulations for removing protein‑based stains from fabrics or hard surfaces.

Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
The fruit pulp is a staple ingredient in tropical salads, desserts, sauces, and frozen desserts; it also serves as a flavoring base for beverages such as smoothies and fruit juices. Papaya seed oil, cold‑pressed from the seeds, is used as a culinary oil for frying or as a salad dressing due to its high content of oleic and linoleic acids and low saturated‑fat proportion.

Colorants and tanning:
The ripe fruit’s deep orange‑red mesocarp contains carotenoids (mainly β‑carotene, lycopene, and lutein). Extracts of the pulp are approved as natural food colorants for dairy and confectionery products. Papain itself can assist in leather tanning by partially hydrolyzing collagen, although it is not a primary tanning agent.

Wood and fiber:
Papaya wood is lightweight and not dimensionally stable, limiting its use to small craft objects such as handles, decorative carvings, or low‑strength panels. The thin, bast‑fibrous strands from the stem can be pulped for specialty papers.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
Papaya extracts, including papain, are employed in skin‑care formulations (e.g., exfoliating scrubs, facial masks) for their protein‑digesting activity. Essential‑oil fractions obtained from the fruit peel contribute a mild sweet‑tropical aroma to perfume bases.

Properties relevant to use:
Papaya seed oil has a high iodine value (≈100 g I₂ 100 g⁻¹) and a low saponification value (≈180 mg KOH g⁻¹), indicating a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids suitable for edible and cosmetic applications. Papain remains active in the pH range 5–7, retains activity up to 60 °C, and retains proteolytic activity after freeze‑drying, enabling its incorporation into heat‑treated products.

Standards and regulation:
Papain is listed by Codex Alimentarius as a processing aid for food and by the U.S. FDA as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) for use in meat tenderizers and bakery ingredients. Papaya seed oil must meet international specifications for edible oil (ISO 659) regarding peroxide value, free fatty acids, and moisture content. Fruit pulp and derived colorants are governed by food‑additive regulations in major markets (e.g., EU Regulation 1333/2008).

Sustainability and sourcing:
Papaya is a fast‑maturing tropical crop (first harvest 9–12 months after planting), supporting multiple harvests per year. The species tolerates marginal soils and can be intercropped, reducing land‑use pressure. Utilization of seeds and peel for oil or compost valorises processing waste, and cultivation practices such as integrated pest management and organic certification support sustainable production.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Papaya pyriformis	Baill.	Traité Bot. Méd. Phan. 2: 835 (1884)
Papaya posoposa	DC.	Encycl. 5: 3 (1804)
Carica citriformis	J.Jacq. ex Spreng.	Syst. Veg. 3: 905 (1826)
Carica cubensis	Solms	Fl. Bras. 13(3): 177 (1889)
Carica hermaphrodita	Blanco	Fl. Filip. : 205 (1837)
Carica jamaicensis	Urb.	Symb. Antill. 6: 20 (1909)
Carica jimenezii	Bertoni	Agronomía (Puerto Bertoni) 5(7): 259 (1913)
Carica mamaya	Vell.	Fl. Flumin. 10: t. 131 (1829)
Carica papaya var. bady	Aké Assi	Bull. Jard. Bot. État 31: 307 1961
Carica papaya f. correae	Solms	Fl. Bras. 13(3): 188 (1889)
Carica papaya f. ernstii	Solms	Fl. Bras. (Martius) 13(3): 189. 1889 [15 Aug 1889]
Carica papaya var. jimenezii	Bertoni	Agronomía (Puerto Bertoni) 5(7): 286 (1913)
Carica papaya f. mamaya	(Vell.) Stellfeld	Tribuna Farm. 15: 185 (1947)
Carica papaya f. portoricensis	Solms	Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 47: 774 (1889)
Carica peltata	Hook. & Arn.	Bot. Beechey Voy. : 425 (1840)
Carica pinnatifida	Heilborn	Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 30: 224 (1936)
Carica portoricensis	Urb.	Symb. Antill. 4: 428 (1910)
Carica posoposa	L.	Sp. Pl. : 1036 (1753)
Carica pyriformis	Willd.	Sp. Pl., ed. 4 , 4: 815 (1806)
Carica rochefortii	Solms	Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 47: 764 (1889)
Carica sativa	Tussac	Fl. Antill. 3: 45 1824
Vasconcellea peltata	A.DC.	Prodr. 15(1): 416 (1864)
Papaya cucumerina	Noronha	Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 5(Art. 4): 23. 1790
Papaya communis	Noronha	Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 5(Art. 4): 23. 1790
Carica citriformis	Jacq.	Ecl. Pl. Rar. 1: 101, t. 68–69 1811-1816
Papaya hermaphrodita	Blanco	Fl. Filip. 205 1837
Papaya citriformis	A.DC.	Prodr. 15(1): 414 (1864)
Papaya cubensis	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 253 (1891)
Papaya rochefortii	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 253 (1891)
Papaya cimarrona	Sint. ex Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 253 1891
Papaya peltata	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 253 (1891)
Papaya sativa	Tuss.	Fl. Antill. 3: 45 (1825)
Papaya vulgaris	DC.	Encycl. 5: 2 (1804)
Papaya carica	Gaertn.	Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: t. 122 (1791)
Papaya edulis	Bojer	Hortus Maurit. : 277 (1837)
Papaya edulis var. macrocarpa	Bojer	Hortus Monsp. 277
Papaya edulis var. pyriformis	Bojer	Hortus Maurit. 277
Carica citriformis	Hook.f.	Bot. Mag. t. 3633 1839
Papaya papaya	(L.) H.Karst.	Ill. Repert. Pharm.-Med. Bot. : 894 (1886)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	papaya
English	papaya tree
Spanish	ababaya
Spanish	arbol de melon
Spanish	arbol de melón
Spanish	árbol de melon
Spanish	árbol de melón
Spanish	cárica papaia
Spanish	fruta bomba
Spanish	lechoza
Spanish	mamao
Spanish	mamão
Spanish	melon de arbol
Spanish	melon de árbol
Spanish	melón de arbol
Spanish	melón de árbol
Spanish	melon zapote
Spanish	melón zapote
Spanish	olocoton
Spanish	olocotón
Spanish	papaya
Spanish	papaya bourgeaei
Spanish	papayo
Afrikaans	papaja
Akan	borfere
Amharic	ፓፓዬ
Amharic	ፓፓያ
Arabic	باباظ
Arabic	البابايا
Arabic	ببايا
Arabic	بباز
Arabic	عنبة هندي
Arabic	باباي
Assamese	capa23
Assamese	green papaya
Assamese	malagor
Assamese	mamao
Assamese	papaya
Assamese	papaya fruit
Assamese	papayas
Assamese	papya
Assamese	red-fleshed papaya
Assamese	অমিতা
Azerbaijani	qovunağacı
azb	قووون آغاجی
ba	Папайя
ban	gedang
bbc	botik
bcl	tapayas
bdr	kepayas
Belarusian	Папайя
Belarusian	Дыннае дрэва
Bulgarian	папая
bho	पपीता
bi	pawpaw
bjn	kustila
bjn	kostéla
Bambara	manje
Bengali	পেপে
Bengali	পেঁপে
Tibetan	སེ་ཡབ།
Bosnian	papaja
Catalan	papaia
Catalan	papaier
cdo	mŭk-guă
ceb	papaya
ch	papaya
Czech	papaya
Czech	papája obecná
Czech	papája melounová
Danish	melontræ
dag	gonda tia
dag	gɔndili
German	baummelone
German	melonenbaum
German	papayabaum
German	papaya
dtp	tapayas
dty	मेवा
Greek	Παπάγια
Esperanto	papajfrukto
Esperanto	papajo
Estonian	harilik papaia
Basque	papaiondo
Basque	papaia
Persian	پاپایه
Persian	پاپایا
Finnish	papaija
Finnish	tarhapapaija
fj	weleti
French	papayer
frr	papaya
Galician	papaia
Galician	papaio
gn	mamóne
gom	पोपाय
Gujarati	પપૈયાં
Hausa	gwanda
hak	muk-kôa
Hebrew	פאפאיה
Hebrew	פאפיה
Hebrew	פפיה
Hebrew	פפאיה
Hindi	पपीता
Croatian	papaja
Upper Sorbian	wšědny papajowc
ht	papay
Hungarian	dinnyefa
Hungarian	papája
Hungarian	papaya
Hungarian	papaja
Armenian	պապայա
iba	rungan
Indonesian	betik
Indonesian	karika
Indonesian	kates
Indonesian	papaya
Indonesian	pepaya
io	papayo
Icelandic	sólaldin
Italian	papaya
Italian	papaia
Japanese	パパヤ
Japanese	パパイヤ
Japanese	蕃瓜樹
Japanese	パパイア
jbo	rutrpaupau
jv	godhong katès
jv	kamplong
jv	kates
jv	katès
Georgian	პაპაია
Georgian	ნესვის ხე
kbp	sompoɖe
kcg	a̱ka̱mbut
kcg	ka̱mbut
kg	dilolo
Kazakh	Папайя
Khmer	ល្ហុង
Kannada	ಪಪ್ಪಾಯಿ
Korean	파파야
koi	Папайя
kv	Папайя
la	papaya
lbe	Папайя
Ganda	eppaapaali
ln	payipayi
lo	ໝາກຫຸ່ງ
Lithuanian	papaja
Lithuanian	papajai
Lithuanian	papajos
Lithuanian	tikroji papaja
Lithuanian	papajinis melionmedis
Latvian	papaijas
Latvian	papaja
Latvian	papaya
Latvian	papaija
mad	katès
mai	अरनेबा
Malagasy	papay
Malagasy	vodimapaza
min	batiak
min	botiak
min	botik
min	kalikih
min	kaliki
Macedonian	папаја
Malayalam	ഓമ
Malayalam	ഓമക്ക
Malayalam	ഓമക്കായ
Malayalam	ഓമയ്ക്ക
Malayalam	ഓമരം
Malayalam	കപ്പക്കാ
Malayalam	കപ്പളങ്ങ
Malayalam	കയ്പ്പമരം
Malayalam	കർമൂസാ
Malayalam	കറമൂസ
Malayalam	കൊപ്പക്കാ
Malayalam	പപ്പായ
Marathi	कॅरिका पपया
Marathi	पपई
mrj	Папайя
Malay	pokok betik
Malay	betik
mwl	mamoño
Burmese	သင်္ဘောပင်
nah	ochonetli
nan	bo̍k-koe
Norwegian Bokmål	papaya
Nepali	मेवा
nia	bala
Dutch	papaya
Dutch	bospapaja
Dutch	meloenboom
Dutch	papaja
Dutch	ගස්ලබු
Norwegian Nynorsk	papaya
nv	babáayah
nv	hashkʼaan dootłʼizhí
oc	papaia
Oriya	ଅମୃତଭଣ୍ଡା
os	Папайя
Punjabi	ਪਪੀਤਾ
pam	kapaya
Polish	papaja
Polish	melonowiec właściwy
Punjab	پپیتا
Portuguese	mamoeiro
Portuguese	ababaia
Portuguese	bepaia
Portuguese	papaeira
Portuguese	papaia
Portuguese	papaieira
Portuguese	pino-guaçu
Portuguese	mamão
Quechua	papaya
Romanian	papaya
Russian	Дынное дерево
Russian	Папайа
Russian	Папайя
Kinyarwanda	ipapayi
Kinyarwanda	ipapaya
sa	मधुकर्कटी
sa	मधुकर्कटीफलम्
sat	ᱚᱢᱨᱤᱛ ᱡᱚ
scn	papaya
sco	papaya
sd	پپيتو
Sango	päpâyë
Serbo-Croatian	papaja
Sinhala	ගස්ලබු
Slovak	melónový strom
Slovak	papája obyčajná
Slovak	papája melónová
Slovenian	papaja
Somali	babaay
Serbian	malagor
Serbian	mamao
Serbian	zelena papaja
Serbian	папаја
sty	kavēn agacē
su	gedang
Swedish	papaja
Swedish	papaya
Swahili	mpapai
syl	ꠇꠄꠚꠟ
szy	tatangila
Tamil	பறங்கிப்பழம்
Tamil	பப்பாளி
tcy	ಬಪ್ಪಂಗಾಯಿ
Telugu	మదన ఆనపకాయ
Telugu	బొప్పాయి
Thai	ลอกอ
Thai	มะละกอ
Tonga	coronopus didymus
Tonga	lesi
Turkish	kavun ağacı
Turkish	kavunağacı
Turkish	papaya
ts	mpopowa
tt	Папайя
tw	borfere
udm	Папайя
ug	كۇلى بېھىسى
Ukrainian	Папайя
Ukrainian	Папая
Urdu	پپیتا
Vietnamese	Đu đủ
wo	pàppaaya
xmf	შინკაშ ჯა
Yoruba	Èso ìbẹ́pẹ
Chinese	番瓜
Chinese	木瓜
Chinese	番木瓜
Chinese	番木瓜叶
Chinese	万寿果
Chinese	树冬瓜
Chinese	满山抛
Chinese	萬壽果

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Macaronesia
  - Cape Verde
- Middle Atlantic Ocean
  - Ascension
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Chad
  - Eritrea
  - Ethiopia
- South Tropical Africa
  - Angola
- West Tropical Africa
  - Benin
  - Gambia
  - Guinea
  - Guinea-Bissau
  - Ivory Coast
  - Senegal
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Burundi
  - Cameroon
  - Central African Republic
  - Gabon
  - Gulf Of Guinea Islands
  - Rwanda
  - Zaïre
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Chagos Archipelago
  - Comoros
  - Mauritius
  - Mozambique Channel Islands
  - Rodrigues
  - Réunion
  - Seychelles

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Oman
- China
  - China Southeast
- Eastern Asia
  - Ogasawara-Shoto

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam
  - Bangladesh
  - East Himalaya
  - India
  - Laccadive Islands
  - Sri Lanka
  - West Himalaya
- Indo-China
  - Andaman Islands
  - Cambodia
  - Nicobar Nicobar
  - South China Sea
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Christmas Island
  - Cocos (keeling) Islands
- Papuasia
  - Solomon Islands

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - Western Australia

Northern America click to expand
- Mexico
  - Mexico Central
  - Mexico Gulf
  - Mexico Northeast
  - Mexico Northwest
  - Mexico Southeast
  - Mexico Southwest
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Florida

Pacific click to expand
- North-central Pacific
  - Hawaii
- Northwestern Pacific
  - Caroline Islands
  - Marcus Island
  - Marianas
  - Marshall Islands
  - Wake Island
- South-central Pacific
  - Cook Islands
  - Line Islands
  - Marquesas
  - Society Islands
  - Tuamotu
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Fiji
  - Gilbert Islands
  - Nauru
  - New Caledonia
  - Niue
  - Phoenix Islands
  - Samoa
  - Santa Cruz Island
  - Tonga
  - Tuvalu
  - Vanuatu

Southern America click to expand
- Brazil
  - Brazil North
  - Brazil Northeast
  - Brazil South
  - Brazil Southeast
  - Brazil West-central
- Caribbean
  - Bahamas
  - Bermuda
  - Cayman Islands
  - Cuba
  - Dominican Republic
  - Haiti
  - Jamaica
  - Leeward Islands
  - Puerto Rico
  - Southwest Caribbean
  - Trinidad-Tobago
  - Turks-caicos Islands
  - Venezuelan Antilles
  - Windward Islands
- Central America
  - Belize
  - Costa Rica
  - El Salvador
  - Guatemala
  - Honduras
  - Nicaragua
  - Panamá
- Northern South America
  - French Guiana
  - Guyana
  - Suriname
  - Venezuela
- Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast
  - Argentina Northwest
  - Paraguay
- Western South America
  - Bolivia
  - Colombia
  - Ecuador
  - Galápagos
  - Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000588009
UNII	S0U63B0Q51
Florida Plant Atlas	1699
USDA Plants	CAPA23
Tropicos	6100032
INPN	447069
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30011248-2
The Plant List	kew-2700919
Missouri Botanical Garden	279021
PaleoBotany	14663
Open Tree Of Life	429474
Observations.org	206944
NCBI Taxonomy	3649
Nature Serve	2.129849
IUCN Red List	20681422
IPNI	30011248-2
iNaturalist	62811
GBIF	2874484
Freebase	/m/0g4fr
EPPO	CIAPA
EOL	585682
Elurikkus	3470
US Library of Congress	sh85097573
USDA GRIN	9147
Wikipedia	Papaya

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCF_000150535.2	Papaya1.0	Scaffold	The Papaya Genome Sequencing Consortium	2008-05-06	N/A	352.65 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Proteomic Analysis of Mechanical Injury Effects in Papaya Fruit at Two Maturity Stages.

Reyes-Soria FA, Ruiz-May E, Castaño E, Herrera-Alamillo MÁ, Elizalde-Contreras JM, Gamboa-Tuz SD, Huerta-Nuñez LFE, Zamora-Briseño JA, Rodríguez-Zapata LC

Proteomes

18-Sep-2025

PMCID:	PMC12452570
doi:	10.3390/proteomes13030044
PMID:	40981204

Knowledge and practices of traditional management of child malnutrition and associated pathologies in Benin

Vissoh AC, Klotoé JR, Fah L, Agbodjento E, Koudokpon H, Togbe E, Saïdou S, Dougnon V

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

02-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11064319
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00684-x
PMID:	38693543

Myrosinase isogenes in wasabi (Wasabia japonica Matsum) and their putative roles in glucosinolate metabolism

Truong TQ, Park YJ, Jeon JS, Choi J, Koo SY, Choi YB, Huynh PK, Moon J, Kim SM

BMC Plant Biol

01-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11061951
doi:	10.1186/s12870-024-05057-w
PMID:	38693493

Impact of water combined wet ball milling extraction and functional evaluation of dietary fiber from papaya (Carica papaya L)

Jiang G, Ameer K, Ramachandraiah K, Feng X

Food Chem X

01-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11090890
doi:	10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101435
PMID:	38746781

Unleashing the promise of emerging nanomaterials as a sustainable platform to mitigate antimicrobial resistance

Rahman S, Sadaf S, Hoque ME, Mishra A, Mubarak NM, Malafaia G, Singh J

RSC Adv

01-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11062400
doi:	10.1039/d3ra05816f
PMID:	38694553

Biosecurity risks to human food supply associated with plant-parasitic nematodes

Kantor C, Eisenback JD, Kantor M

Front Plant Sci

30-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11091314
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2024.1404335
PMID:	38745921

Potyviral Helper-Component Protease: Multifaced Functions and Interactions with Host Proteins

Hýsková V, Bělonožníková K, Chmelík J, Hoffmeisterová H, Čeřovská N, Moravec T, Ryšlavá H

Plants (Basel)

29-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11085613
doi:	10.3390/plants13091236
PMID:	38732454

Genome-wide identification of Aux/IAA gene family in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and functional verification of TrIAA18 under different abiotic stress

Qi T, Yang W, Hassan MJ, Liu J, Yang Y, Zhou Q, Li H, Peng Y

BMC Plant Biol

29-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11057079
doi:	10.1186/s12870-024-05034-3
PMID:	38684940

Electrospun nanofibers synthesized from polymers incorporated with bioactive compounds for wound healing

Palani N, Vijayakumar P, Monisha P, Ayyadurai S, Rajadesingu S

J Nanobiotechnology

27-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11056076
doi:	10.1186/s12951-024-02491-8
PMID:	38678271

Evaluation of volatile components from the tuber, fibrous roots, bud, stem and leaf tissues of Bletilla striata for its anti-colon cancer activity

Yang N, Li S, Zhang Y, Pan F, Liu G, Chen X, Yu C, Li K, Liu Y

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

27-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11087428
doi:	10.1007/s12298-024-01450-9
PMID:	38737324

Exploring Gluten Assessment in Marketed Products through a Sandwich ELISA Methodology Based on Novel Recombinant Antibodies

Garcia-Calvo E, García-García A, Rodríguez S, Martín R, García T

Foods

26-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11083168
doi:	10.3390/foods13091341
PMID:	38731712

GMOIT: a tool for effective screening of genetically modified crops

Zhou P, Liu X, Liang J, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Xu D, Li X, Chen Z, Shi Z, Gao J

BMC Plant Biol

25-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11044397
doi:	10.1186/s12870-024-05035-2
PMID:	38664610

Commodity risk assessment of Petunia spp. and Calibrachoa spp. unrooted cuttings from Kenya

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Manda RR, Schulz OM, Akrivou A, Antonatos S, Beris D, Debode J, Kritikos C, Kormpi M, Lacomme C, Manceau C, Papachristos D, Reppa C, Gardi C, Potting R

EFSA J

25-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11044013
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8742
PMID:	38665158

Ethnobotanical assessment of antidiabetic medicinal plants in District Karak, Pakistan

Nazar A, Adnan M, Shah SM, Bari A, Ullah R, Tariq A, Ahmad N

BMC Complement Med Ther

24-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11040872
doi:	10.1186/s12906-024-04462-w
PMID:	38658923

Evolution of bird sex chromosomes: a cytogenomic approach in Palaeognathae species

Setti PG, Deon GA, Zeni dos Santos R, Goes CA, Garnero AD, Gunski RJ, de Oliveira EH, Porto-Foresti F, de Freitas TR, Silva FA, Liehr T, Utsunomia R, Kretschmer R, de Bello Cioffi M

BMC Ecol Evol

23-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11036779
doi:	10.1186/s12862-024-02230-5
PMID:	38654159

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives
Benzyl Isothiocyanate	2346	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CN=C=S	149.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00077-2 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00125A018
Benzylthiourea	737375	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CNC(=S)N	166.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03051267
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzenesulfonic acids and derivatives
4,5-Dihydroxy-1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid	9002	Click to see	270.20	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1131098/
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoyl derivatives
Benzaldehyde	240	Click to see	106.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzyl alcohols
Benzyl Alcohol	244	Click to see	108.14	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00125A018 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzyl cyanides
Phenylacetonitrile	8794	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC#N	117.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzyloxycarbonyls
2-Butenoic acid, phenylmethyl ester	97885	Click to see	176.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Styrenes
Styrene	7501	Click to see C=CC1=CC=CC=C1	104.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Toluenes
Toluene	1140	Click to see	92.14	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Xylenes / o-Xylenes
O-Xylene	7237	Click to see	106.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Tyrosols and derivatives / Tyrosols
Tyrosol	10393	Click to see	138.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80450-3
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Cycloalkanes
Methylcyclohexane	7962	Click to see	98.19	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters
2-Hexenoic acid, methyl ester	61310	Click to see CCCC=CC(=O)OC	128.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021
Methyl but-2-enoate	12181	Click to see	100.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters / Fatty acid methyl esters
Methyl butyrate	12180	Click to see	102.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021
Methyl hexanoate	7824	Click to see CCCCCC(=O)OC	130.18	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021
Methyl Octanoate	8091	Click to see	158.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Myristic Acid	11005	Click to see	228.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1985.TB13019.X
Oleic Acid	445639	Click to see	282.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1985.TB13019.X
Palmitic Acid	985	Click to see	256.42	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1985.TB13019.X
Palmitoleic Acid	445638	Click to see CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O	254.41	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1985.TB13019.X
Stearic Acid	5281	Click to see	284.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1985.TB13019.X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids
Hexanoic Acid	8892	Click to see	116.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021
Octanoic Acid	379	Click to see CCCCCCCC(=O)O	144.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Straight chain fatty acids
(Methylthio)acetic acid	75551	Click to see	106.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
3-Octanol	11527	Click to see	130.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
Elaidolinolenic acid	5282822	Click to see	278.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1985.TB13019.X
Linoleic Acid	5280450	Click to see	280.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1985.TB13019.X
Linolenic Acid	5280934	Click to see	278.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1985.TB13019.X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / C19-gibberellins / C19-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids
(1S,2S,3S,5S,8R,9S,10R,11S,12S)-3,12-dihydroxy-11-methyl-6-methylidene-16-oxo-15-oxapentacyclo[9.3.2.15,8.01,10.02,8]heptadecane-9-carboxylic acid	21596345	Click to see	348.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1991.10870990
3-Epigibberellin A1	12310122	Click to see	348.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1991.10870990
Gibbane-1,10-dicarboxylic acid, 2,4,4a,7-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-8-methylene-, 1,4a-lactone, (1alpha,2beta,4beta,4aalpha,4bbeta,10beta)-	101603115	Click to see	364.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1991.10870990
Gibberellic acid	6466	Click to see CC12C(C=CC3(C1C(C45C3CCC(C4)(C(=C)C5)O)C(=O)O)OC2=O)O	346.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1991.10870990
Gibberellin	522636	Click to see	346.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1991.10870990
Gibberellin 1	3509874	Click to see	348.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1991.10870990
Gibberellin A1	5280379	Click to see CC12C(CCC3(C1C(C45C3CCC(C4)(C(=C)C5)O)C(=O)O)OC2=O)O	348.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1991.10870990
Gibberellin A58	101603124	Click to see CC12C(CCC3(C1C(C45C3CC(C(C4)C(=C)C5)O)C(=O)O)OC2=O)O	348.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1991.10870990
Gibberellin A58	131751652	Click to see	348.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1991.10870990
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
beta-Ocimene, (3Z)-	5320250	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021
Linalool	6549	Click to see	154.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00125A018
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
Alpha-Terpineol	17100	Click to see	154.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00125A018
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Carotenes
Beta-Carotene	5280489	Click to see	536.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00605219
Prolycopene	10918539	Click to see	536.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JFCA.2011.02.006
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Xanthophylls
Rubixanthin	5281252	Click to see	552.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JFCA.2011.02.006
Violaxanthin	448438	Click to see	600.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00605219
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glucosinolates / Alkylglucosinolates
[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 2-phenyl-N-sulfooxyethanimidothioate	437038	Click to see	409.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(12)60030-3
Glucotropaeolin	9548605	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC(=NOS(=O)(=O)O)SC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	409.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(12)60030-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00787-X
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Cyanogenic glycosides
Prunasin	119033	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C#N)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	295.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/J.1537-2197.1984.TB12001.X https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00106-1
Tetraphyllin B	15596190	Click to see	287.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/J.1537-2197.1984.TB12001.X
Tetraphyllin B: epitetraphyllin B (kcs-2CA)	115164	Click to see	287.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/J.1537-2197.1984.TB12001.X
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	4961358	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O	300.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80450-3
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-phenylmethoxyoxane-3,4,5-triol	4984739	Click to see	270.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80450-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00170-X
2-phenylethyl beta-D-glucopyranoside	468284	Click to see	284.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80450-3
2,2-Dimethyl-3-oxo-3-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-phenylmethoxyoxan-2-yl)methoxy]propanoic acid	163101281	Click to see	384.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80450-3
2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-3-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-phenylmethoxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]propanoic acid	163101282	Click to see	384.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80450-3
Benzyl beta-d-glucopyranoside	188977	Click to see	270.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00170-X https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80450-3
Phenylethyl beta-D-glucopyranoside	11289099	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	284.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80450-3
Salidroside	159278	Click to see	300.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80450-3
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar acids and derivatives
3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-phenylmethoxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropanoic acid	163093366	Click to see CC(C)(C(=O)O)C(=O)OC1C(C(OC(C1O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)CO)O	384.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80450-3
3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-phenylmethoxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropanoic acid	163076428	Click to see	384.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80450-3
3-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-phenylmethoxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropanoic acid	163060604	Click to see	384.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80450-3
3-[3,5-Dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-phenylmethoxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropanoic acid	163093365	Click to see	384.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80450-3
3-[4,5-Dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-phenylmethoxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropanoic acid	163060603	Click to see CC(C)(C(=O)O)C(=O)OC1C(OC(C(C1O)O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)CO	384.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80450-3
3-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-phenylmethoxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropanoic acid	163076427	Click to see CC(C)(C(=O)O)C(=O)OC1C(C(C(OC1OCC2=CC=CC=C2)CO)O)O	384.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80450-3
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Short-chain aldehydes
2-Methylbutanal	7284	Click to see	86.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Ketones / Alpha-diketones
Butanedione	650	Click to see	86.09	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Phenylketones / Alkyl-phenylketones
Danielone	146167	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C(=O)CO	212.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00418-9
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Delta valerolactones
Delta-Octalactone	12777	Click to see	142.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones
gamma-Octalactone	7704	Click to see CCCCC1CCC(=O)O1	142.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00125A018
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyridines and derivatives
Pyridine	1049	Click to see	79.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyridines and derivatives / Pyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives / Pyridinecarboxylic acids
Methyl Nicotinate	7151	Click to see	137.14	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00119A021
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrrolidines
(10S)-10-methyl-10-[(2S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]oxecan-2-one	162885100	Click to see	239.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.18932310303
10-Methyl-10-pyrrolidin-2-yloxecan-2-one	162885099	Click to see	239.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.18932310303
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Macrolides and analogues
(1R,11R,13S,14R,24R,26S)-13,26-dimethyl-2,15-dioxa-12,25-diazatricyclo[22.2.2.211,14]triacontane-3,16-dione	162949739	Click to see	478.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89908-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00713352
(1S,11R,13S,14R,24R,26S)-13,26-dimethyl-2,15-dioxa-12,25-diazatricyclo[22.2.2.211,14]triacontane-3,16-dione	162949740	Click to see	478.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00580583
13,26-Dimethyl-2,15-dioxa-12,25-diazatricyclo[22.2.2.2~11,14~]triacontane-3,16-dione	103019	Click to see CC1C2CCC(N1)CCCCCCCC(=O)OC3CCC(CCCCCCCC(=O)O2)NC3C	478.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00713352 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89908-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00580583 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3374564/
Carpaine	442630	Click to see	478.70	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3374564/ https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264053465-11-EN
Pseudocarpaine	12305270	Click to see CC1C2CCC(N1)CCCCCCCC(=O)OC3CCC(CCCCCCCC(=O)O2)NC3C	478.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264053465-11-EN https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818162-1.00037-7

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Carica papaya

Table of Contents

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Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

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