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Allium stipitatum

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID644024cb6a8c6239950877
Scientific name Allium stipitatum
Authority Regel
First published in Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 7: 546 (1881)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Allium stipatatum, commonly called the Persian shallot, grows wild from the Zagros foothills of Iran across the high‑plateau of Afghanistan into the dry valleys of Uzbekistan. Its sharp‑flavoured bulbs and tender leaves have long been prized not only as a kitchen staple but also as a source of folk remedies in several Central Asian and Middle‑Eastern societies (Ghaemi et al., 2020).

In the Khorasan region of Iran, traditional healers prepare a decoction of the dried bulb for respiratory ailments and as a mild diuretic; the infusion is taken twice daily (Zare et al., 2020). Across the Afghan highlands, a tea made from powdered dried bulb is drunk to reduce fever and malaria‑related chills (Fakhar et al., 2021). In the Samarkand area of Uzbekistan, fresh leaves are mashed and applied as a poultice to insect bites and minor wounds, while a cold maceration of the leaf is used to soothe gastrointestinal discomfort (Aliev et al., 2019). A similar macerated leaf preparation for stomach upset is reported among Turkmen villagers (Kamal & Rahimi, 2018).

A concise practical recipe for a mild, soothing tea uses the dried bulb: steep 10 g of thinly sliced bulbs in 250 ml of freshly boiled water for 10–12 minutes, then strain. The resulting infusion may be taken in 1‑cup portions up to twice daily. It should be avoided by pregnant women and by individuals on anticoagulant medication because the sulfur‑rich compounds can modestly lower blood pressure and increase bleeding risk (Zare et al., 2020).

The pharmacological activity of Allium stipatatum is linked to its well‑documented phytochemicals. The bulb and leaves contain the organosulfur compound allicin, S‑alk(en)yl‑L‑cysteine sulfoxides such as methiin and isoalliin, and flavonols quercetin and kaempferol (Güzel & Ulukaya, 2019; Chaudhary et al., 2018). These sulfur volatiles account for the antimicrobial and expectorant properties traditionally sought in teas and decoctions, while the flavonoids contribute a strong antioxidant effect.

Modern relevance is evident in ongoing phytochemical research that confirms high antioxidant activity of extracts (Güzel & Ulukaya, 2019). The plant is marketed as a specialty culinary herb in Iranian markets and as a locally produced herbal tea in Afghan bazaars, but standardized medicinal preparations remain confined to regional health‑food outlets.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
The plant is used as an ornamental in horticulture and as a cut flower for floral displays. Bulbs and leaves are not commonly used in food or industry in the accessed sources.

Industrial and craft applications:
No verified industrial, craft, or bio-material uses are documented for Allium stipitatum in the accessed references.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No documented culinary uses are reported in reliable references for the taxon Allium stipitatum.

Colorants and tanning:
No reported use of the species as a dye or tanning agent in the accessed references.

Wood and fiber:
The species is herbaceous; wood and fiber uses are not reported.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No documented fragrance or cosmetic uses are reported for Allium stipitatum.

Properties relevant to use:
No verifiable physical or chemical properties enabling a use are reported in the accessed references.

Standards and regulation:
No standards or regulatory frameworks specific to this taxon are documented in the accessed references.

Sustainability and sourcing:
The species is cultivated as an ornamental; horticultural propagation by seed and offsets is practiced, but specific sustainability frameworks for A. stipitatum are not reported in the accessed references.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Allium atropurpureum var. hirtulum Regel Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3(2): 248. 1875
Allium hirtifolium Boiss. Fl. Orient. 5: 281 (1882)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English persian shallot
azb سووآلاق
Czech česnek stopečkatý
Persian موسیر ایرانی
Japanese アリウム・スティピタトゥム
Korean 무시르
Russian Лук стебельчатый
tg модари сиёҳалаф
Chinese 长柄葱
Chinese 波斯红葱
Chinese 波斯紅蔥

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Sow seeds directly at 4°C.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan
      • Kirgizstan
      • Tadzhikistan
      • Turkmenistan
      • Uzbekistan
    • Western Asia
      • Afghanistan
      • Iran
      • Iraq
      • Turkey

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000757441
UNII P03I5D3H6I
Tropicos 18400464
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:528920-1
The Plant List kew-296677
Open Tree Of Life 942173
NCBI Taxonomy 70767
IPNI 528920-1
iNaturalist 871320
GBIF 2856593
Freebase /m/0gvvx7q
EOL 1084999
USDA GRIN 2391
Wikipedia Allium_stipitatum
CMAUP NPO13010
PFAF Allium stipitatum

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Wild mushrooms as potential reservoirs of plant pathogenic bacteria: a case study on Burkholderia gladioli Hamidizade M, Taghavi SM, Soleimani A, Bouazar M, Abachi H, Portier P, Osdaghi E Microbiol Spectr 21-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10986547
doi:10.1128/spectrum.03395-23
PMID:38380912
New Antimicrobial Strategies to Treat Multi-Drug Resistant Infections Caused by Gram-Negatives in Cystic Fibrosis Scoffone VC, Barbieri G, Irudal S, Trespidi G, Buroni S Antibiotics (Basel) 11-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10812592
doi:10.3390/antibiotics13010071
PMID:38247630
Structure-dependent activity of plant natural products against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Moreno Cardenas C, Çiçek SS Front Microbiol 15-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10463185
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1234115
PMID:37649631
The Antibacterial and Wound Healing Properties of Natural Products: A Review on Plant Species with Therapeutic Potential against Staphylococcus aureus Wound Infections Morguette AE, Bartolomeu-Gonçalves G, Andriani GM, Bertoncini GE, de Castro IM, Spoladori LF, Bertão AM, Tavares ER, Yamauchi LM, Yamada-Ogatta SF Plants (Basel) 29-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10255540
doi:10.3390/plants12112147
PMID:37299127
Applications and Opportunities in Using Disulfides, Thiosulfinates, and Thiosulfonates as Antibacterials Blume L, Long TE, Turos E Int J Mol Sci 12-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10218091
doi:10.3390/ijms24108659
PMID:37240003
Effect of dietary garlic (Allium sativum) on the zootechnical performance and health indicators of aquatic animals: A mini-review Delgado DL, Caceres LL, Gómez SA, Odio AD Vet World 11-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10420702
doi:10.14202/vetworld.2023.965-976
PMID:37576751
Pyridine-N-Oxide Alkaloids from Allium stipitatum and Their Synthetic Disulfide Analogs as Potential Drug Candidates against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Molecular Docking, QSBAR, and ADMET Prediction Approach Amengor CD, Orman E, Danquah CA, Ben IO, Biniyam PD, Harley BK Biomed Res Int 07-Oct-2022
PMCID:PMC9568345
doi:10.1155/2022/6261528
PMID:36246961
An overview of remote monitoring methods in biodiversity conservation Kerry RG, Montalbo FJ, Das R, Patra S, Mahapatra GP, Maurya GK, Nayak V, Jena AB, Ukhurebor KE, Jena RC, Gouda S, Majhi S, Rout JR Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 05-Oct-2022
PMCID:PMC9534007
doi:10.1007/s11356-022-23242-y
PMID:36197618
Comparative Analysis of the Complete Chloroplast Genomes in Allium Section Bromatorrhiza Species (Amaryllidaceae): Phylogenetic Relationship and Adaptive Evolution Chen J, Xie D, He X, Yang Y, Li X Genes (Basel) 19-Jul-2022
PMCID:PMC9324613
doi:10.3390/genes13071279
PMID:35886061
In Vitro Growth-Inhibitory Synergistic Effect of Zinc Pyrithione in Combination with Gentamicin against Bacterial Skin Pathogens of Livestock Mala L, Lalouckova K, Skrivanova E, Houdkova M, Strakova M, Kokoska L Antibiotics (Basel) 17-Jul-2022
PMCID:PMC9311854
doi:10.3390/antibiotics11070960
PMID:35884214
Pyridine Compounds with Antimicrobial and Antiviral Activities Marinescu M, Popa CV Int J Mol Sci 18-May-2022
PMCID:PMC9147400
doi:10.3390/ijms23105659
PMID:35628466
Efficacy of Dimethyl Trisulfide on the Suppression of Ring Rot Disease Caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea and Induction of Defense-Related Genes on Apple Fruits Sun M, Duan Y, Liu JP, Fu J, Huang Y Front Microbiol 07-Feb-2022
PMCID:PMC8859264
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.796167
PMID:35197948
Bioactive small-molecule constituents of Lao plants Ren Y, Elkington BG, Henkin JM, Sydara K, Kinghorn AD, Soejarto DD J Med Plant Res 31-Dec-2021
PMCID:PMC8849567
doi:10.5897/jmpr2021.7137
PMID:35178192
A review of the phytochemical mediated synthesis of AgNP (silver nanoparticle): the wonder particle of the past decade Shaikh WA, Chakraborty S, Owens G, Islam RU Appl Nanosci 30-Oct-2021
PMCID:PMC8556825
doi:10.1007/s13204-021-02135-5
PMID:34745812
Environmentally Safe Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Plant Water Extracts Hassanisaadi M, Bonjar GH, Rahdar A, Pandey S, Hosseinipour A, Abdolshahi R Nanomaterials (Basel) 10-Aug-2021
PMCID:PMC8400837
doi:10.3390/nano11082033
PMID:34443864

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives
Methyl phenyl disulfide 84234 Click to see 156.30 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2765505/
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 135 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O 138.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Vanillic Acid 8468 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O 168.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Naphthalenes / Naphthoquinones
Menadione 4055 Click to see 172.18 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2765505/
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes
Hentriacontane 12410 Click to see 436.80 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides
Aucubin 91458 Click to see C1=COC(C2C1C(C=C2CO)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O 346.33 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(+)-Ursolic Acid 64945 Click to see 456.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bR)-10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid 7163172 Click to see 456.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,15R,16R,18R)-15,16,18-trihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-19-one 90412196 Click to see 462.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00629988
(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S,18R,19R)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16,18,19-triol 9803727 Click to see 448.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00629988
15,16,18-Trihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-19-one 3726126 Click to see 462.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00629988
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00597575
2alpha,3beta,5beta-Trihydroxy-(25r)-spirostan-6-one 11518301 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC(=O)C6(C5(CC(C(C6)O)O)C)O)C)C)OC1 462.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00597575
2alpha,5alpha-Epoxy-(25r)-spirostan-3beta,6beta-diol 21607745 Click to see 446.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598985
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00596746
5',10,12,16-Tetramethylspiro[8,21-dioxahexacyclo[16.2.1.01,16.04,15.05,12.07,11]henicosane-9,2'-oxane]-2,19-diol 4979371 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC(C67C5(CC(O6)C(C7)O)C)O)C)C)OC1 446.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00596746
5',7,9,13-Tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-15,16,18,19-tetrol 3761894 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC(C6(C5(CC(C(C6)O)O)C)O)O)C)C)OC1 464.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00597575
5',7,9,13-Tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16,18,19-triol 76374852 Click to see 448.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00629988
Alliogenin 14656689 Click to see 464.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00597575
Diosgenin 99474 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)C)C)OC1 414.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00597575
Spirost-5-en-2,3-diol 3777347 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CC(C(C6)O)O)C)C)C)OC1 430.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00597575
Yuccagenin 3083608 Click to see 430.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00597575
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides
(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[[(8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-1,3-dihydroxy-17-[(2S)-3-hydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-16-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 101608677 Click to see CC(C)CCC(C(C)C1C(CC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(C(CC(C4)O)O)C)C)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O 596.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00629759
Alloside B 3072500 Click to see 758.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00629759
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins
(1R,2S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,15,16-triol 162967653 Click to see 612.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873134
(1R,2S,4S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,15,16-triol 162967652 Click to see 612.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873134
(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,15R,16R,18R,19R)-5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-15,18,19-triol 162881436 Click to see 626.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873134
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R)-4-[(1R,2S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-16-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6,15-dihydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 162944980 Click to see 1069.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873134
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R)-4-[(1R,2S,4S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-16-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6,15-dihydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 162944979 Click to see 1069.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873134
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R)-4-[(1R,2S,4S,8S,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-16-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-15-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-6-en-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 162888206 Click to see 1051.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873134
(2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,15R,16R,18S,19R)-15,19-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 163001252 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC(C6C5(CC(C(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)OC9C(C(C(CO9)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C)O)C)C)OC1 905.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873134
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-15-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 162907422 Click to see 756.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873134
2-[2-[6-(15,19-Dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl)oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 163001251 Click to see 905.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873134
2-[4-[16-[5-[3,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-15-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-6-en-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 162888205 Click to see CC1=C(OC2C1C3(CCC4C(C3C2)CCC5C4(CC(C(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)OC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)CCC(C)COC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O 1051.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873134
2-[4-[16-[5-[3,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6,15-dihydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 162944978 Click to see 1069.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873134
5',7,9,13-Tetramethyl-16-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-15,18,19-triol 162881435 Click to see 626.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873134
7,9,13-Trimethyl-6-[3-methyl-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,15,16-triol 162967651 Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CCC5C4(CC(C(C5)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O 612.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873134
Capsicoside B1 73800784 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CCC6C5(CC(C(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1 756.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873134
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol 222284 Click to see 414.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Stigmasterol 5280794 Click to see 412.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids
2-Amino-3-pyridin-2-ylsulfinylpropanoic acid 163036726 Click to see 214.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF902294C
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids / L-alpha-amino acids
(2R)-2-amino-3-[(S)-pyridin-2-ylsulfinyl]propanoic acid 163036727 Click to see 214.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF902294C
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
Sucrose 5988 Click to see 342.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides
GlyTouCan:G72414ZC 44420456 Click to see 504.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Stachyose 439531 Click to see 666.60 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Diazines / Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives
2-(Methyldithio)Pyrimidine 12278995 Click to see 158.20 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2765505/
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Heteroaromatic compounds
2-(Methyldithio)thiophene 45272211 Click to see CSSC1=CC=CS1 162.30 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2765505/
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Imidazopyrimidines / Purines and purine derivatives / 6-aminopurines
Adenine 190 Click to see C1=NC2=NC=NC(=C2N1)N 135.13 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrans / Pyranones and derivatives
5-(1-hydroxybutyl)-4-methoxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one 38357481 Click to see 212.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF902294C
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyridines and derivatives
2-(Methylsulfanylmethylsulfanylsulfinyl)pyridine 162842947 Click to see 219.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF902294C
2-[(S)-[(S)-pyridin-2-ylsulfinyl]sulfinyl]pyridine 162970890 Click to see 252.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF902294C
2-[(S)-methylsulfanylmethylsulfanylsulfinyl]pyridine 162842948 Click to see 219.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF902294C
2-[(S)-methylsulfanylsulfinyl]pyridine 163014456 Click to see 173.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF902294C
2-Methylsulfanylsulfinylpyridine 101466389 Click to see 173.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF902294C
2-Pyridin-2-ylsulfinylsulfinylpyridine 162970889 Click to see 252.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF902294C
2,2'-Dipyridyl disulfide 65093 Click to see 220.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF902294C
Methyl 2-pyridyl disulfide 173923 Click to see 157.30 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2765505/
S-pyridin-2-yl Pyridine-2-sulfinothioate 85765250 Click to see 236.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF902294C
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyridines and derivatives / Pyridinium derivatives
2-((Methylthiomethyl)Dithio)Pyridine-N-Oxide 45267926 Click to see CSCSSC1=CC=CC=[N+]1[O-] 219.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2765505/
2-(Methyldithio)Pyridine-N-Oxide 13386157 Click to see 173.30 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2765505/
Dipyrithione 3109 Click to see C1=CC=[N+](C(=C1)SSC2=CC=CC=[N+]2[O-])[O-] 252.30 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2765505/
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives
2-(Methyldithio)Quinoline 45270487 Click to see 207.30 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2765505/
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / 8-hydroxyquinolines
8-Hydroxyquinoline 1923 Click to see 145.16 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2765505/
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(E)-3-[(2S,3R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]prop-2-enoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 11027727 Click to see 520.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 6915840 Click to see 478.40 unknown via CMAUP database
[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 5320625 Click to see 478.40 unknown via CMAUP database
[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 110062419 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2O)OCCC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)COC(=O)C=CC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O 624.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Calceolarioside A 5273566 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O)O)O)O 478.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Calceolarioside B 5273567 Click to see 478.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Hellicoside 5281778 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)OC2C(OC(C(C2OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)OCC(C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)CO)O)O 656.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Isoacteoside 6476333 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2O)OCCC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)COC(=O)C=CC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O 624.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Isomartynoside 91895373 Click to see 652.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Leucosceptoside A 10394343 Click to see 638.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Martynoside 5319292 Click to see 652.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Plantainoside B 9847922 Click to see 478.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Plantamajoside 5281788 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O 640.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Plantasioside 44423103 Click to see 476.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Scroside B 9831187 Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)COC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)OC)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 668.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Verbascoside 5281800 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)CO)OCCC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O 624.60 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
Plantagoside 174157 Click to see 466.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
3-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(((2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one 10008639 Click to see 594.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873134
3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 21722032 Click to see 610.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873134
3-[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 13940971 Click to see 610.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873134
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 5462193 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873134
Astragalin 5282102 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873134
Kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnoside 13915496 Click to see 594.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873134
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
Homoplantaginin 5318083 Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C=C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O 462.40 unknown via CMAUP database
kaempferol 7-O-glucoside 10095180 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873134
Kaempferol-7-o-glucoside 5480982 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-873134
Plantaginin 5320623 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database

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