Haplophyllum dauricum

Among the Buryat of northern Mongolia, the dried aerial parts of Haplophyllum dauricum are harvested in late summer, shade‑dried, and simmered in water to make a decoction taken for stomach cramps and mild fever (Natsag, 2008). The Daur people of Inner Mongolia steep fresh leaves (≈5 g) in hot water for 5–7 minutes; the clear tea is drunk 2–3 times daily to promote perspiration and relieve cold‑related chills (Liu & Chen, 2009). In the Tuva Republic of southern Siberia, fresh leaves are pounded into a moist paste and applied as a warm poultice to superficial cuts, exploiting its antiseptic reputation (Mikhailov, 2004). The Evenki of the Russian Far East macerate the same leaves in 40 % ethanol for two weeks and take a few drops as a diuretic tonic (Ivanova, 2015).

Traditional preparation is a simple decoction. Measure 10 g of dried aerial material (or 6 g fresh leaves) and place it in a pot with 250 ml of cold water. Bring to a boil, reduce heat and simmer for 15 minutes, stirring occasionally. Remove from heat, cover, and allow the liquid to cool to a comfortably warm temperature before straining through a fine cloth. The resulting tea, called “daurian tea,” is taken in a cup‑size portion up to three times daily, preferably after meals to soothe the stomach. Because the plant contains quinoline alkaloids that can irritate the gastric mucosa at high doses, pregnant women, children under twelve, and people with liver disease should avoid the decoction or limit its use.

Phytochemical studies of Haplophyllum dauricum have identified a consistent profile of bioactive compounds. The aerial parts are rich in quinoline alkaloids, especially dictamine and haplophyllidine, which exhibit strong antibacterial and antispasmodic activity in vitro (Barash et al., 2017). Flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol are also present, providing antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory effects (Li et al., 2020). Coumarin derivatives, notably scopoletin, add mild anticoagulant and smooth‑muscle‑relaxing actions. Together these constituents plausibly explain the plant’s traditional uses for gastrointestinal cramps, wound cleansing, and diuretic effects. These findings support the ethnobotanical observations and suggest potential for further pharmacological investigation.

Modern research is exploring Haplophyllum dauricum’s antimicrobial and anti‑inflammatory properties, and commercial extracts are starting to appear in specialty tea and supplement markets, while many rural communities in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia still prepare the fresh poultice and decoction in the same way described by their ancestors.

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