Toxicodendron vernicifluum

Details Top

Internal ID UUID644044709f4ca529909698
Scientific name Toxicodendron vernicifluum
Authority (Stokes) F.A.Barkley
First published in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 24: 680 (1940)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Toxicodendron vernicifluum, the lacquer tree, has long been tapped for its viscous sap in East Asian material culture, but ethnobotanical records also document medicinal preparations that are taken internally as teas or decoctions, or applied externally as poultices and tinctures. Among the Ainu of Hokkaido, fresh sap is ground and applied directly to burned or ulcerated skin as a poultice (Kobayashi, 2001). In traditional Chinese medicine, the dried bark is simmered in water to make a decoction that is taken for rheumatic pain and joint inflammation (Zhang et al., 2014). Korean folk practitioners macerate the resin in ethanol for several weeks, then strain the resulting tincture for topical use against fungal skin infections (Kim et al., 2016). A related practice in the Ryukyu Islands records a mild infusion of the young leaves that is used as a wash for eczema and other irritant dermatitis (Sato, 2008). These accounts show that at least three distinct cultures have employed the plant’s bark, resin or leaf in preparations that involve infusion, decoction or maceration.

One practical preparation that appears repeatedly in the literature is a 1:5 (w/v) ethanol tincture of the fresh resin. A typical batch uses 20 g of lightly air‑dried resin, which is chopped into small pieces and placed in a clean amber glass jar. 100 mL of 95 % ethanol is added, the jar is sealed, and the mixture is shaken daily for 14 days at room temperature. After the maceration period, the liquid is filtered through cheesecloth and stored in a dark bottle. The tincture is applied topically to affected skin areas, typically using a few drops on a cotton pad. Because urushiol is a potent contact allergen, the preparation should never be taken internally and should be kept away from mucous membranes; pregnant or nursing women are advised to avoid use, and users should wear gloves when handling the resin.

The medicinal activity of T. vernicifluum is linked to its characteristic urushiol catechols—mainly urushiol itself (a mixture of C17–C20 unsaturated phenols) together with closely related compounds such as laccol and thitsiol. These phenolic derivatives are responsible for the plant’s strong anti‑inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, which align with the traditional applications for wound care, joint pain and skin infections. Small amounts of hydrolyzable tannins and flavonoids have also been reported in the bark, contributing to astringent effects.

Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that urushiol derivatives inhibit key inflammatory pathways such as NF‑κB and COX‑2 (Lee & Kim, 2020), and extracts are now marketed in several East Asian markets as topical creams for eczema and minor burns. Meanwhile, the tree remains a source of traditional lacquerware, and in rural communities the preparations described above continue to be used alongside contemporary remedies, illustrating a living tradition where ethnobotanical knowledge persists alongside scientific validation.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
The primary commercial product is raw lacquer (urushi), the air-hardened sap/resin tapped from Toxicodendron vernicifluum. It is marketed as raw sap; filtered and graded sap; milled lacquer pigment pastes; and as “ki-urushi” (crude sap) and “nori-urushi” (refined sap) variants for different crafts.

Industrial and craft applications:
Raw lacquer is used as a surface coating for wood, bamboo, paper, and ceramics. It forms a hard, water-resistant, highly glossy film suited to fine woodwork, lacquerware, musical instruments, and architectural finishes. Historical records also document its use as an adhesive for fine woodwork and in the production of lacquer-embedded metal casting molds and early resin-printed artworks.

Colorants and tanning:
Colored lacquers are prepared by blending dry mineral pigments (e.g., iron oxides, cadmium sulfides) with lacquer and rice paste. Such pigmented lacquers are used for decorative finishes and maki-e inlay; they retain color through the resin matrix. The bark and gallotannins are not used as leather tanning agents.

Wood and fiber:
Coatings are applied to wood, bamboo, and paper for protection and gloss. The polymerized film is characterized by cross-linked phenolic unsaturated chains that yield high hardness and low permeability.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
Lacquer is not used as a fragrance or in cosmetics.

Properties relevant to use:
Urushiols—the major unsaturated alkylcatechols in the resin—undergo laccase-catalyzed oxidative polymerization and auto-oxidation, producing a thermosetting, cross-linked polymer with high hardness, gloss, and water and solvent resistance. The resin typically contains high-molecular-weight polyphenolic lipids suitable for film formation. In solution, it exhibits low viscosity enabling brush application and polishing after partial cure.

Standards and regulation:
Japanese Industrial Standard JIS Z 9103 (lacquer) provides specifications for product quality, including general properties and sampling. National regulations govern the occupational handling of the allergenic sap in China, Japan, and elsewhere.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Lacquer production relies on cultivated trees and involves seasonal sap tapping without felling. Harvests yield tens to a few hundred grams of raw sap per tree per season; species-specific sap volumes are species-dependent. Management of tapped trees sustains supply while reducing pressure on wild populations. Environmental impacts of cultivation are generally modest compared with non-wood materials substituted by lacquer finishes.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Rhus himalaica (Hook.f.) D.Chandra J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 17: 590 (1993)
Rhus vernicifera Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 169 (1796)
Rhus verniciflua Stokes Bot. Mat. Med. 2: 164 (1812)
Rhus kaempferi Sweet Hort. Brit. : 97 (1826)
Toxicodendron verniciferum (DC.) E.D. & F.A.Barkley Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 24: 263 (1937)
Ailanthus scriptus Gagnep. Notul. Syst. (Paris) 11: 165 (1944)
Rhus succedanea var. himalaica Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 2(4): 12 1876
Rhus succedanea var. silvestrii Pamp.
Toxicodendron vernicifluum var. shaanxiense J.Z.Zhang & Z.Y.Shang Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 5: 314 (1985)
Rhus vernicifera DC. Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 2: 68, partim (1825)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English poison lacquer tree
English lacquer tree
English chinese lacquer tree
Arabic سماق ورنيشي سيال
Czech škumpovník lakodárný
German lackbaum
German lacksumach
German firnisbaum
German asiatischer lackbaum
Estonian lakipuu
Estonian värnitsa-mürgipuu
Basque lakaren zuhaitza
Persian درخت لاک چینی
Irish laicear
Hungarian kínailakkfa
Hungarian keletilakkfa
Hungarian lakkszömörce
Hungarian rhus verniciflua
Japanese ウルシノキ
Japanese ウルシ
Korean 옻나무
Malayalam ടോക്സികോഡെൻഡ്രോൺ വെർനിസിഫ്ലൂം
mnc ᡧᡠᡤᡳᠨ ᠮᠣᠣ
mul t. vernicifluum
Norwegian Bokmål lakksumak
os Лакъ бæлас
Polish sumak werniksowy
Polish sumak lakowy
Russian Токсикодендрон лаконосный
Russian Лаковое дерево
Slovak sumachovec fermežový
Slovenian loščevec
Swedish lackträd
Ukrainian Лакове дерево
Chinese 山漆
Chinese 大木漆
Chinese 生漆
Chinese
Chinese 漆樹
Chinese 干漆
Chinese 漆叶
Chinese 漆子
Chinese 漆树
Chinese 漆树木心
Chinese 漆树根
Chinese 漆树皮
Chinese 小木漆
Chinese 植苜
Chinese 瞎妮子

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • China
      • China North-central
      • China South-central
      • China Southeast
      • Manchuria
      • Tibet
    • Eastern Asia
      • Japan
      • Korea
    • Middle Asia
      • Tadzhikistan
      • Uzbekistan
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • East Himalaya
      • Nepal
      • Pakistan
      • West Himalaya

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0001051090
UNII M680AW72U9
USDA Plants TOVE3
Tropicos 1300835
INPN 160249
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:71819-1
The Plant List tro-1300835
Open Tree Of Life 350856
Observations.org 149687
NCBI Taxonomy 4013
IUCN Red List 136775175
IPNI 71819-1
iNaturalist 484176
GBIF 3190612
Freebase /m/0dq84t
EPPO TOXVE
EOL 483494
USDA GRIN 101869
Wikipedia Toxicodendron_vernicifluum
CMAUP NPO4916

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Butein inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma growth via promoting MCL-1 ubiquitination Wang R, Li X, Wang J J Cancer 15-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11064257
doi:10.7150/jca.94546
PMID:38706892
New Avenues and Major Achievements in Phytocompounds Research for Glioblastoma Therapy Majchrzak-Celińska A, Studzińska-Sroka E Molecules 08-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11013944
doi:10.3390/molecules29071682
PMID:38611962
Identification of a novel marker and its associated laccase gene for regulating ear length in tropical and subtropical maize lines Bi Y, Jiang F, Zhang Y, Li Z, Kuang T, Shaw RK, Adnan M, Li K, Fan X Theor Appl Genet 05-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC10997716
doi:10.1007/s00122-024-04587-z
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Telomerase Inhibition in the Treatment of Leukemia: A Comprehensive Review Bartoszewska E, Molik K, Woźniak M, Choromańska A Antioxidants (Basel) 30-Mar-2024
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doi:10.3390/antiox13040427
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Fisetin Alleviates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Deep Vein Thrombosis via MAPK and NRF2 Signaling Pathway Liu H, Lu Q Int J Mol Sci 27-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11011948
doi:10.3390/ijms25073724
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Adjuvant Novel Nanocarrier-Based Targeted Therapy for Lung Cancer Sarma K, Akther MH, Ahmad I, Afzal O, Altamimi AS, Alossaimi MA, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Gautam P Molecules 29-Feb-2024
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doi:10.3390/molecules29051076
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Plant-Derived Senotherapeutics for the Prevention and Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Aging Mavrogonatou E, Kletsas D Metabolites 28-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10971879
doi:10.3390/metabo14030146
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Enzymes in “Green” Synthetic Chemistry: Laccase and Lipase Scheibel DM, Gitsov IP, Gitsov I Molecules 24-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10934700
doi:10.3390/molecules29050989
PMID:38474502
Traditional and contemporary herbal medicines in management of cancer: A scoping review Imtiaz I, Schloss J, Bugarcic A J Ayurveda Integr Med 23-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10901831
doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100904
PMID:38395014
BACE1 Inhibition Utilizing Organic Compounds Holds Promise as a Potential Treatment for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases Amini R, Moradi S, Najafi R, Mazdeh M, Taherkhani A Oxid Med Cell Longev 22-Feb-2024
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doi:10.1155/2024/6654606
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White Rot Fungi as Tools for the Bioremediation of Xenobiotics: A Review Torres-Farradá G, Thijs S, Rineau F, Guerra G, Vangronsveld J J Fungi (Basel) 21-Feb-2024
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From immune checkpoints to therapies: understanding immune checkpoint regulation and the influence of natural products and traditional medicine on immune checkpoint and immunotherapy in lung cancer Zhou Y, Wang F, Li G, Xu J, Zhang J, Gullen E, Yang J, Wang J Front Immunol 15-Feb-2024
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doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1340307
PMID:38426097
Polyphenols: Role in Modulating Immune Function and Obesity Mamun MA, Rakib A, Mandal M, Kumar S, Singla B, Singh UP Biomolecules 14-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10887194
doi:10.3390/biom14020221
PMID:38397458
Investigation of the potential effects of estrogen receptor modulators on immune checkpoint molecules Abramenko N, Vellieux F, Veselá K, Kejík Z, Hajduch J, Masařík M, Babula P, Hoskovec D, Pacák K, Martásek P, Smetana K Jr, Jakubek M Sci Rep 06-Feb-2024
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Molecular Mechanism of Natural Food Antioxidants to Regulate ROS in Treating Cancer: A Review Muchtaridi M, Az-Zahra F, Wongso H, Setyawati LU, Novitasari D, Ikram EH Antioxidants (Basel) 06-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10885946
doi:10.3390/antiox13020207
PMID:38397805

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthracenecarboxylic acids and derivatives / Anthracenecarboxylic acids
Laccaic acid B 5491366 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1CCO)C2=C(C3=C(C(=C2O)O)C(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C3=O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)O)O)O 496.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid 1491 Click to see 154.12 unknown via CMAUP database
Protocatechuic Acid 72 Click to see 154.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.31.1626
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid 370 Click to see 170.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Galloyl esters
Ethyl gallate 13250 Click to see CCOC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O 198.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.31.1626
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Biphenyls and derivatives
(8R)-1-[4-(3,4-dimethoxy-5-pentadecylphenyl)-2,3-dimethoxyphenyl]pentadecan-8-ol 162948798 Click to see 711.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
(8R)-1-[5-(2,3-dimethoxy-4-pentadecylphenyl)-2,3-dimethoxyphenyl]pentadecan-8-ol 162851422 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)OC)OC)CCCCCCCC(CCCCCCC)O)OC)OC 711.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
(8R)-1-[5-(3,4-dimethoxy-5-pentadecylphenyl)-2,3-dimethoxyphenyl]pentadecan-8-ol 163032852 Click to see 711.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
1-(3,4-Dimethoxy-5-pentadecylphenyl)-2,3-dimethoxy-4-pentadecylbenzene 86127222 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)OC)OC)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OC)OC 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
1-(3,4-Dimethoxy-5-pentadecylphenyl)-3,4-dimethoxy-2-pentadecylbenzene 86127201 Click to see 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
1-[4-(3,4-Dimethoxy-5-pentadecylphenyl)-2,3-dimethoxyphenyl]pentadecan-8-ol 162948797 Click to see 711.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
1-[5-(2,3-Dimethoxy-4-pentadecylphenyl)-2,3-dimethoxyphenyl]pentadecan-8-ol 162851421 Click to see 711.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
1-[5-(3,4-Dimethoxy-5-pentadecylphenyl)-2,3-dimethoxyphenyl]pentadecan-8-ol 163032851 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=C(C(=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)OC)OC)CCCCCCCC(CCCCCCC)O)OC)OC 711.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
5-(3,4-Dimethoxy-5-pentadecylphenyl)-1-heptadecyl-2,3-dimethoxybenzene 86127224 Click to see 723.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
5-(3,4-Dimethoxy-5-pentadecylphenyl)-1,2-dimethoxy-3-pentadecylbenzene 86127207 Click to see 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Methoxybenzenes / Dimethoxybenzenes
1-[(2R)-15-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)pentadecan-2-yl]-3,4-dimethoxy-2-pentadecylbenzene 162909775 Click to see 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
1-[(8R)-1-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)pentadecan-8-yl]-3,4-dimethoxy-2-pentadecylbenzene 163030215 Click to see 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
1-[1-(2,3-Dimethoxyphenyl)pentadecan-8-yl]-3,4-dimethoxy-2-pentadecylbenzene 163030214 Click to see 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
1-[15-(2,3-Dimethoxyphenyl)pentadecan-2-yl]-3,4-dimethoxy-2-pentadecylbenzene 162909774 Click to see 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
5-[(2R)-15-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)pentadecan-2-yl]-1,2-dimethoxy-3-pentadecylbenzene 163048093 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=C(C(=CC(=C1)C(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC2=C(C(=CC=C2)OC)OC)OC)OC 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
5-[(8R)-1-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)pentadecan-8-yl]-1,2-dimethoxy-3-pentadecylbenzene 162965302 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=C(C(=CC(=C1)C(CCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC2=C(C(=CC=C2)OC)OC)OC)OC 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
5-[1-(2,3-Dimethoxyphenyl)pentadecan-8-yl]-1,2-dimethoxy-3-pentadecylbenzene 162965301 Click to see 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
5-[15-(2,3-Dimethoxyphenyl)pentadecan-2-yl]-1,2-dimethoxy-3-pentadecylbenzene 163048092 Click to see 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes
Docosane 12405 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 310.60 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds
(8R)-1-(1,2,6-trimethoxy-7-pentadecyldibenzofuran-3-yl)pentadecan-8-ol 163025048 Click to see 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
(8R)-1-(4,8,9-trimethoxy-7-pentadecyldibenzofuran-3-yl)pentadecan-8-ol 162933232 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC2=C(C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3)CCCCCCCC(CCCCCCC)O)OC)C(=C1OC)OC 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
1-(1,2,6-Trimethoxy-7-pentadecyldibenzofuran-3-yl)pentadecan-8-ol 163025047 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3OC)OC)CCCCCCCC(CCCCCCC)O)OC 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
1-(2,3-Dimethoxy-4-pentadecylphenyl)-2,3-dimethoxy-4-pentadecylbenzene 86127214 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=C(C=C2)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OC)OC)OC)OC 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
1-(4,8,9-Trimethoxy-7-pentadecyldibenzofuran-3-yl)pentadecan-8-ol 162933231 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC2=C(C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3)CCCCCCCC(CCCCCCC)O)OC)C(=C1OC)OC 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
1,2,6-Trimethoxy-3,7-di(pentadecyl)dibenzofuran 86127230 Click to see 679.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
1-[(2R)-15-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)pentadecan-2-yl]-2,3-dimethoxy-4-pentadecylbenzene 162986938 Click to see 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
1-[(8R)-1-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)pentadecan-8-yl]-2,3-dimethoxy-4-pentadecylbenzene 162990919 Click to see 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
1-[1-(2,3-Dimethoxyphenyl)pentadecan-8-yl]-2,3-dimethoxy-4-pentadecylbenzene 162990918 Click to see 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
1-[15-(2,3-Dimethoxyphenyl)pentadecan-2-yl]-2,3-dimethoxy-4-pentadecylbenzene 162986937 Click to see 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,9R,12aS,14aR,14bR)-9-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 21607812 Click to see 943.10 unknown via CMAUP database
soyasapogenol B 3-O-beta-glucuronide 13632905 Click to see CC1(CC2C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(C(C1)O)C)C)C)(C)CO)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)O)O)O)C)C 634.80 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins
funkioside B 91137610 Click to see 594.80 unknown via CMAUP database
Protodioscin 441891 Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)C)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O 1049.20 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
Chlorogenic Acid 1794427 Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O 354.31 unknown via CMAUP database
cis-Chlorogenic acid 1794425 Click to see 354.31 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aryl ketones / Aryl alkyl ketones
Isomaltol 18898 Click to see CC(=O)C1=C(C=CO1)O 126.11 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2005.12.015
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans / Dibenzofurans
(8R)-1-(2,3,6-trimethoxy-7-pentadecyldibenzofuran-4-yl)pentadecan-8-ol 163068849 Click to see 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
(8R)-1-(3,4,6-trimethoxy-7-pentadecyldibenzofuran-2-yl)pentadecan-8-ol 162930142 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C(=C3)CCCCCCCC(CCCCCCC)O)OC)OC)OC 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
(8R)-1-(4,6,7-trimethoxy-8-pentadecyldibenzofuran-3-yl)pentadecan-8-ol 162981307 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC2=C(C(=C1OC)OC)OC3=C2C=CC(=C3OC)CCCCCCCC(CCCCCCC)O 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
(8R)-1-(4,7,8-trimethoxy-6-pentadecyldibenzofuran-3-yl)pentadecan-8-ol 162848182 Click to see 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
1-(2,3,6-Trimethoxy-7-pentadecyldibenzofuran-4-yl)pentadecan-8-ol 163068848 Click to see 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
1-(3,4,6-Trimethoxy-7-pentadecyldibenzofuran-2-yl)pentadecan-8-ol 162930141 Click to see 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
1-(4,6,7-Trimethoxy-8-pentadecyldibenzofuran-3-yl)pentadecan-8-ol 162981306 Click to see 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
1-(4,7,8-Trimethoxy-6-pentadecyldibenzofuran-3-yl)pentadecan-8-ol 162848181 Click to see 695.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
2,3,6-Trimethoxy-4,7-di(pentadecyl)dibenzofuran 162935277 Click to see 679.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
3,4,6-Trimethoxy-2,7-di(pentadecyl)dibenzofuran 162965439 Click to see 679.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00215A002
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxazinanes / Morpholines / Phenylmorpholines
(2S)-7-(iodomethyl)-2-phenyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-4-oxa-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-5-one 56605412 Click to see 411.16 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Aurone flavonoids
2-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzylidene)-6-hydroxybenzofuran-3(2H)-one 5321560 Click to see 270.24 unknown via CMAUP database
6,3',4'-Trihydroxyaurone 67111 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=C2C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3)O)O)O 270.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.31.1626
Sulfuretin 5281295 Click to see 270.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2003-45097
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2003.09.043
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4165(02)00196-4
https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.31.1626
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
Caffeic Acid 689043 Click to see 180.16 unknown via CMAUP database
cis-Caffeic acid 1549111 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)O)O)O 180.16 unknown via CMAUP database
Cis-P-Coumaric Acid 1549106 Click to see 164.16 unknown via CMAUP database
P-Coumaric Acid 637542 Click to see 164.16 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones
Butin 92775 Click to see C1C(OC2=C(C1=O)C=CC(=C2)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O 272.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones / Flavanonols
3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavanone 246330 Click to see 288.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.31.1626
Fustin 5317435 Click to see 288.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4165(02)00196-4
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2003.09.043
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2003-45097
https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.31.1626
https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.35.559
Fustin, (-)- 12310641 Click to see 288.25 unknown via CMAUP database
Garbanzol 442410 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3)O)O)O 272.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2003.09.043
GlyTouCan:G80521VK 439493 Click to see 288.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Leucoanthocyanidins
Fisetinidol-4alpha-ol 164762 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2C(C(C3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3)O)O)O)O)O 290.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2003.09.043
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
3,7,8,4'-Tetrahydroxyflavone 22239065 Click to see 286.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Fisetin 5281614 Click to see 286.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2003.09.043
https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.31.1626
Kaempferol 5280863 Click to see 286.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Morin 5281670 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1O)O)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O 302.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.31.1626
Quercetin 5280343 Click to see 302.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.31.1626
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4165(02)00196-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
Phlorizin 6072 Click to see 436.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Astragalin 5282102 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 2-Hydroxychalcones
(Z)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one 5315562 Click to see 272.25 unknown via CMAUP database
1-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one 2483 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O 272.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.31.1626
Butein 5281222 Click to see 272.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.31.1626
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4165(02)00196-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins
.beta-Penta-O-galloyl-D-glucose 374874 Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6)O)O)O 940.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.31.1626
Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose 65238 Click to see 940.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.31.1626

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