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Prunus spinosa

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
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Details Top

Internal ID UUID64403fdc95dee215429945
Scientific name Prunus spinosa
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 475 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Blackthorn is a familiar hedgerow plant in much of Europe, and several regional ethnobotanical records describe infusions or decoctions of its flower buds, blossoms, or leaves as remedies for colds, fevers, and simple stomach upsets. In Bosnia‑Herzegovina, dried flower buds are made into an infusion used as a mild febrifuge and diaphoretic during colds, a preparation reported by Šarić‑Kundalić et al. in their field ethnobotany of the Dinaric Alps. Across the Aegean, infusions of dried leaves or flower buds have long been taken as a stomachic and to ease mild dyspepsia, a practice noted by Kaya and Tuglu in work on Turkish medicinal plants. In Central Europe, particularly among German herbalists, an infusion of dried flower buds is used traditionally as a mild tonic for the upper respiratory tract and as a gentle diuretic, an application summarized by the European Medicines Agency herbal monograph on Prunus spinosa. For a practical product, a dried flower bud infusion is simplest: use roughly 1.0 g of buds per cup, pour freshly boiled water over them, cover, and steep for about five to seven minutes; for a stronger decoction aimed at fevers, simmer the same amount of dried buds in 200 ml of water for ten minutes, cool slightly, and drink in two doses during the day. Typical dosing is one cup two to three times daily for adults; avoid in pregnancy, follow label guidance, and discard preparations made with bitter almond kernels, leaves, bark, or unripe fruit because of cyanogenic glycosids.

The activity of these preparations is plausibly linked to well‑established constituents of Prunus spinosa flowers and buds, including astringent tannins that can dampen irritation of the mucous membranes, phenolic acids such as chlorogenic and caffeic acid, and flavonoids—quercetin and kaempferol derivatives—reported in European field studies and referenced by Kaya and Tuglu; the dark pigment complex of anthocyanins and the simple sugar derivative amygdalin are also characteristic of this species and present in buds, which helps explain both the taste and the traditional symptomatic effects for colds and digestive discomfort.

Modern relevance follows these lines: recent pharmacological studies on anthocyanin‑rich bud extracts have documented antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory effects that mirror how the infusions have long been used, while the flowers continue to appear in herbal commerce and in some home teas within Europe and its diaspora.

General Uses Top

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Wood and fiber:
Dense, hard, close-grained wood of Prunus spinosa is used for small tool handles, clubs, turnery, and walking sticks. The species also provides living fences and hedgerows for boundary marking, shelter, and wildlife habitat; material for traditional shillelaghs is recorded.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Fruits (sloes) are processed into preserves, jellies, and syrups; they are used as a flavoring in sloe gin (a gin infusion/flavoring liqueur). Fruit pectin content supports jam setting.

Properties relevant to use:
Wood is noted for density and hardness, with a fine, even grain conducive to precise turning and carving. Fruit pectin aids jam formation, contributing to setting quality in preserves.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Widely naturalized and cultivated in hedgerows and smallholder cultivation in Europe; harvest typically involves selective pruning and thinning of hedgerows, consistent with field boundaries and habitat management.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Prunus domestica var. spinosa (L.) Kuntze Taschen-Flora von Leipzig ; 1867 274 1867
Druparia spinosa [Clairv.] Man. Herbor. Suisse : 159 (1811)
Prunus acacia Crantz ex Poir. Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 5: 679. 1804 [9 Jan 1804]
Prunus glomerata A.Sav. Compt. Rend. Assoc. Franç. Avancem. Sci. Assoc. Sci. France 11: 434 (1882 publ. 1883)
Prunus ericiflora A.Sav. Compt. Rend. Assoc. Franç. Avancem. Sci. Assoc. Sci. France 11: 435 (1882 publ. 1883)
Prunus acacia-germanica Crantz Stirp. Austr. Fasc. 2: 58 (1763)
Prunus curdica Fenzl ex Fritsch ; 1892 627, t.1 1892
Prunus acacia Crantz Stirpium austriarum fasciculus ; 1762 58 1763
Prunus moldavica Kotov Fl. URSS 6: 586 (1954)
Prunus stepposa Kotov Fl. URSS 6: 586 (1954)
Prunus kurdica Fenzl ex Fritsch Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Abt. 1 101: 627 (1892)
Prunus densiflora Jord. & Fourr. Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 24 (1868)
Prunus virgata Martrin-Donos Pl. Crit. Tarn 21.
Prunus amygdaliformis Pau Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 1: 21 (1887)
Prunus densa Martrin-Donos Pl. Crit. Tarn 1: 22 (1862)
Prunus stenopetala (Ducommun) Manceau Pl. Phan. Maine 7.
Prunus podolica Andrz. Enum. Pl. Podol. : 35 (1860)
Prunus spinosa f. ovata Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 19 (1900)
Prunus communis Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. , ed. 3: 87 (1851)
Prunus subvillosa Debeaux Soc. Agric. Pyrénées-Orientales 23: 142 (1878)
Prunus spinosa f. densiflora P.D.Sell Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 2: 520 (2014)
Prunus spinosa f. coaetanea (Wimm. & Grab.) P.D.Sell Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 2: 520 (2014)
Prunus spinosa f. globosodrupacea Bregadze Trudy Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Gruzinsk. S.S.R., Ser. Fl. Sist. 28: 70 (1976)
Prunus spinosa f. ovalidrupacea Bregadze Trudy Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Gruzinsk. S.S.R., Ser. Fl. Sist. 28: 70 (1976)
Prunus spinosa f. plano-subgloboso-drupacea Bregadze Trudy Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Gruzinsk. S.S.R., Ser. Fl. Sist. 28: 70 (1976)
Prunus spinosa f. maritima Corill., Figureau & Godeau Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Ouest France 9: 154 (1987)
Prunus spinosa subf. macrocarpa Petković Glasn. Prir. Mus. Beogradu, Ser. B, Biol. Nauke 31: 120 (1976)
Prunus spinosa subsp. fechtneri Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 25 (1945)
Prunus spinosa subsp. insititioides (Ficalho & Cout.) Franco Nova Fl. Portugal 1: 294 (1971)
Prunus spinosa subsp. coaetanea (Wimm. & Grab.) R.Knapp Oberhess. Naturwiss. Z. 44: 126 (1978)
Prunus spinosa subvar. moldavica (Kotov) Vitk. Trudy Prikl. Bot. 52(3): 94 (1974)
Prunus spinosa subvar. stepposa (Kotov) Vitk. Trudy Prikl. Bot. 52(3): 94 (1974)
Prunus spinosa var. coaetanea Wimm. & Grab. Fl. Siles. 2(1): 10 (1829)
Prunus spinosa var. coronata (Clavaud) Browicz & Ziel. Arbor. Kórnickie 20: 142 (1975)
Prunus spinosa var. ovaliputaminata Bregadze Trudy Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Gruzinsk. S.S.R., Ser. Fl. Sist. 28: 70 (1976)
Prunus spinosa var. rosea (Kawecki) Browicz & Ziel. Arbor. Kórnickie 20: 142 (1975)
Prunus spinosa var. subglobosoputaminata Bregadze Trudy Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Gruzinsk. S.S.R., Ser. Fl. Sist. 28: 70 (1976)
Prunus spinosa prol. amelanchierflora (Paill.) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 22 (1900)
Prunus spinosa prol. dasyphylla (Schur) Asch. & Graebn. Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 121 (1906)
Prunus spinosa prol. densa (Martrin-Donos) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 21 (1900)
Prunus spinosa prol. depressa (Clavaud) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 20 (1900)
Prunus spinosa prol. ericiflora (A.Sav.) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 18 (1900)
Prunus spinosa prol. fastigiata (Paill.) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 22 (1900)
Prunus spinosa prol. foecundissima (Clavaud) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 18 (1900)
Prunus spinosa prol. lamottei (A.Sav.) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 20 (1900)
Prunus spinosa prol. latiflora (Clavaud) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 19 (1900)
Prunus spinosa prol. lucens (A.Sav.) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 19 (1900)
Prunus spinosa prol. lucida (Clavaud) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 17 (1900)
Prunus spinosa prol. microstigma (Paill.) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 22 (1900)
Prunus spinosa prol. parviflora (Paill.) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 20 (1900)
Prunus spinosa prol. pubescens (Clavaud) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 20 (1900)
Prunus spinosa lus. purpurea (André) Asch. & Graebn. Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 120 (1906)
Prunus spinosa prol. subcylindrica (A.Sav.) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 19 (1900)
Prunus spinosa prol. subinermis (Clavaud) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 18 (1900)
Prunus spinosa prol. typica Asch. & Graebn. Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 120 (1906)
Prunus spinosa prol. vulgatus Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 16 (1900)
Prunus communis prol. depressa Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 38: 600 (1884)
Prunus communis prol. erythrocalyx Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 38: 596 (1884)
Prunus communis prol. latiflora Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 38: 600 (1884)
Prunus communis prol. oxypyrena Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 38: 595 (1884)
Prunus communis prol. pubescens Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 38: 599 (1884)
Prunus communis prol. subinermis Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 38: 598 (1884)
Prunus spinosa prol. ovata (Ser.) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 19 (1900)
Prunus communis subvar. cinerea Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 8: 595 (1885)
Prunus communis unranked coronata Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 8: 597 (1885)
Prunus communis subvar. ellipsoides Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 8: 595 (1885)
Prunus communis unranked foecundissima Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 8: 595 (1885)
Prunus communis unranked lucida Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 8: 597 (1885)
Prunus communis unranked rubella Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 8: 597 (1885)
Prunus insititia var. brachypoda Borbás Budap. Körn. Növén. : 165 (1879)
Prunus pubescens unranked acuminata Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 8: 599 (1885)
Prunus spinosa var. acropyrena Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 24 (1945)
Prunus spinosa subvar. alba Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 9 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. amphitricha Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 24 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. angustifolia Wimm. & Grab. Fl. Siles. 2(1): 10 (1829)
Prunus spinosa unranked arborescens Dierb. Syst. Uebers. Heidelb. Gewächse : 135 (1827)
Prunus spinosa var. atricha Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 24 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. balearica Willk. Linnaea 40: 92 (1876)
Prunus spinosa var. brachypetala Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 15 (1945)
Prunus spinosa subsp. cerasina Hrabětová Práce Brnenske Zákl. Ceskolov. Akad. Ved. 30: 244 (1958)
Prunus spinosa unranked chlorocarpa K.Koch Dendrologie 1: 99 (1869)
Prunus spinosa var. cinereo-ovata Pénzes Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 1: 158 (1950)
Prunus spinosa var. clavaudii Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 17 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. dostalii Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 19 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. dulcescens Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 19 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. ellipsocarpa Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 19 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. eriophora Hausskn. Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins 5: 90 (1893)
Prunus spinosa subsp. euspinosa Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 10 (1945)
Prunus spinosa subvar. euvirgata Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 9 (1945)
Prunus spinosa unranked florepleno K.Koch Hort. Dendrol. : 141 (1853)
Prunus spinosa unranked florerubro M.Vilm. & Bois Frutic. Vilmor. : 62 (1904)
Prunus spinosa unranked frutescens Dierb. Syst. Uebers. Heidelb. Gewächse : 135 (1827)
Prunus spinosa unranked genuina Ducommun Taschenb. Schweiz. Bot. : 195 (1869)
Prunus spinosa var. heterochroa Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 21 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. hypotricha Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 24 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. inermis Tinant Fl. Luxemb. : 237 (1836)
Prunus spinosa f. kefaliana Pacz. Beschr. Veg. Gouv. Cherson 2: ? (1917)
Prunus spinosa var. leucocarpa Bechst. ex Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 21 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. lombensis Nyár. Kv. Fl. : 303 (1942)
Prunus spinosa f. major Posp. Fl. Oesterr. Küstenl. 2(1): 235 (1898)
Prunus spinosa f. marginata Wiefel Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 3: 157 (1885)
Prunus spinosa subsp. megalocarpa Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 22 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. microcarpa Wallr. Sched. Crit. : 216 (1822)
Prunus spinosa f. microsphaera Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 14 (1945)
Prunus spinosa subsp. moravica Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 22 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. nitidula Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 15 (1945)
Prunus spinosa subsp. ovoideoglobosa Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 25 (1945)
Prunus spinosa f. parvifolia Novák Preslia 5: 136 (1927)
Prunus spinosa subvar. platypetala Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 21 (1900)
Prunus spinosa var. plena Weston Bot. Univ. 1: 223 (1770)
Prunus spinosa var. praecox Wimm. & Grab. Fl. Siles. 2(1): 10 (1829)
Prunus spinosa f. prorepens Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 13 (1945)
Prunus spinosa f. puberula Medw. Holzgew. Russl. : 275 (1888)
Prunus spinosa subsp. rapaicsii Pénzes Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 1: 157 (1950)
Prunus spinosa var. rhamnoides Buchenau Fl. Bremen : 77 (1877)
Prunus spinosa var. rugosa Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 29 (1945)
Prunus spinosa f. rupestris Wiefel Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 3: 157 (1885)
Prunus spinosa f. semiglabra Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 17 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. serotina Weihe ex Lej. & Courtois Comp. Fl. Belg. 2: 125 (1831)
Prunus spinosa f. sessiliflora Beck Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2: 819 (1892)
Prunus spinosa var. simulans Murr Magyar Bot. Lapok 30: 26 (1931)
Prunus spinosa var. stenopetala Ducommun Cat. Pl. Vasc. Genève , éd. 2: 56 (1861)
Prunus spinosa var. sterilis Lavallée Énum. Arbres : 70 (1877)
Prunus spinosa var. subcinera Cout. Fl. Portugal : 307 (1913)
Prunus spinosa f. subdasyphylla Nyár. Kv. Fl. : 303 (1942)
Prunus spinosa f. subepruinosa Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 13 (1945)
Prunus spinosa subsp. szabadosii Pénzes Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 1: 157 (1950)
Prunus spinosa var. thessala Hausskn. Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins 5: 90 (1893)
Prunus spinosa f. varbossania K.Malý Novit. Mus. Sarajev. 6: 3 (1928)
Prunus spinosa var. variegata Zabel Handb. Laubholzben. : 249 (1903)
Prunus spinosa var. vulgaris Ser. Prodr. 2: 532 (1825)
Prunus spinosa subvar. wallrothii Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 8 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. xanthocarpa Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 21 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. subcinerea Cout. Fl. Portugal : 307 (1913)
Prunus erythrocalyx var. rubella Clavaud Act. Soc. Bot. Bordeaux : 596 (1884)
Prunus vulgatior var. stenopetala Clavaud Act. Soc. Bot. Bordeaux : 594 (1884)
Prunus spinosa var. longifolia D.Gut. Apuntes Fl. Olmedo : 92 (1908)
Prunus communis subvar. stenopetala (Ducommun) Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 8: 595 (1885)
Prunus insititia var. spinosa (L.) Weston Bot. Univ. 1: 335 (1770)
Prunus polymorpha unranked spinosa (L.) Griess. Kleine Bot. Schr. : 260 (1836)
Prunus spinosa f. acuminata (Clavaud) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 17 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. brachypoda (Borbás) Borbás Magyar Tud. Akad. Értes. 18: 99 (1881)
Prunus spinosa var. cinerea (Clavaud) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 18 (1900)
Prunus spinosa subsp. cyclopetala (Borbás) Jáv. Magyar Fl. : 592 (1925)
Prunus spinosa var. ellipsoides (Clavaud) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 18 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. oxypirena (Clavaud) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 17 (1900)
Prunus spinosa f. oxypyrena (Clavaud) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 9 (1945)
Prunus spinosa subvar. platyphylla (Gand.) Asch. & Graebn. Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 121 (1906)
Prunus spinosa var. rubella (Clavaud) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 17 (1900)
Prunus spinosa f. tardeflorens (Bertsch) H.Scholz & I.Scholz Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. , ed. 3, 4(2B): 500 (1995)
Prunus spinosa var. virgata (Martrin-Donos) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 17 (1900)
Prunus spinosa var. amygdaliformis (Pau) Willk. Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan. : 229 (1893)
Prunus communis unranked depressa Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 8: 600 (1885)
Prunus communis unranked erythrocalyx Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 8: 596 (1885)
Prunus communis unranked latiflora Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 8: 600 (1885)
Prunus communis unranked oxypyrena Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 8: 595 (1885)
Prunus communis unranked pubescens Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 8: 599 (1885)
Prunus communis unranked subinermis Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 8: 598 (1885)
Prunus communis var. spinosa (L.) Hook. & Arn. Brit. Fl. : 116 (1850)
Prunus communis subsp. spinosa (L.) Syme Engl. Bot. , ed. 3, 3: 114 (1864)
Prunus ovata (Ser.) A.W.Hill Index Kew. , Suppl. 6: 166 (1926)
Prunus spinosa f. arborescens (Dierb.) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 13 (1945)
Prunus spinosa f. brachypoda (Borbás) Soó Nomencl. Borb. : 38 (1931)
Prunus spinosa var. chlorocarpa (K.Koch) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 20 (1945)
Prunus spinosa f. cinerea (Clavaud) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 17 (1945)
Prunus spinosa subvar. coronata (Clavaud) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 17 (1900)
Prunus spinosa var. dasyphylla Schur Enum. Pl. Transsilv. : 178 (1866)
Prunus spinosa subsp. dasyphylla (Schur) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 15 (1944)
Prunus spinosa var. densa (Martrin-Donos) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 29 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. depressa (Clavaud) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 30 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. dulcescens H.L.Werneck Naturk. Jahrb. Stadt Linz 7: 28 (1961)
Prunus spinosa var. ericiflora (A.Sav.) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 16 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. erythrocalyx (Clavaud) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 17 (1900)
Prunus spinosa f. erythrocalyx (Clavaud) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 9 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. florepleno G.Kirchn. Arbor. Muscav. : 250 (1864)
Prunus spinosa var. foecundissima (Clavaud) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 17 (1945)
Prunus spinosa f. genuina Posp. Fl. Oesterr. Küstenl. 2(1): 235 (1898)
Prunus spinosa var. genuina Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 18 (1900)
Prunus spinosa subvar. genuina (Ducommun) Asch. & Graebn. Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 120 (1906)
Prunus spinosa f. genuina (Ducommun) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 14 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. inermis Godr. ex Hegi Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 4: 1103 (1923)
Prunus spinosa var. insititioides Ficalho & Cout. Bol. Soc. Brot. 16: 97 (1899)
Prunus spinosa var. kefaliana (Pacz.) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 28 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. lamottei (A.Sav.) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 29 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. latiflora (Clavaud) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 30 (1945)
Prunus spinosa subvar. lucens (A.Sav.) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 8 (1945)
Prunus spinosa subvar. major (Posp.) Asch. & Graebn. Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 120 (1906)
Prunus spinosa var. major (Posp.) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 15 (1945)
Prunus spinosa f. microcarpa (Wallr.) Buia Fl. Republ. Popul. Române 4: 837 (1956)
Prunus spinosa var. ovata Ser. Prodr. 2: 532 (1825)
Prunus spinosa var. parviflora (Paill.) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 30 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. parvifolia (Novák) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 29 (1945)
Prunus spinosa f. plena (Weston) C.K.Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 628 (1906)
Prunus spinosa var. pubescens Ficalho & Cout. Bol. Soc. Brot. 16: 96 (1899)
Prunus spinosa var. pubescens (A.Sav.) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 29 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. purpurea André Rev. Hort. (Paris) 75: 481 (1903)
Prunus spinosa f. purpurea (André) C.K.Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 628 (1906)
Prunus spinosa var. rhamnoides Murr Tirol. Anzeiger 1924: 222 (1924)
Prunus spinosa f. rosea Kawecki Roczn. Sekc. Dendrol. Polsk. Towarz. Bot. 22: 213 (1968)
Prunus spinosa f. rubella (Clavaud) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 9 (1945)
Prunus spinosa f. serotina Wiefel Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 3: 157 (1885)
Prunus spinosa subvar. sessiliflora (Beck) Asch. & Graebn. Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 120 (1906)
Prunus spinosa var. sessiliflora (Beck) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 14 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. simulans H.L.Werneck Naturk. Jahrb. Stadt Linz 7: 28 (1961)
Prunus spinosa subvar. stenopetala (Ducommun) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 21 (1900)
Prunus spinosa f. stenopetala (Ducommun) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 14 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. subcylindrica (A.Sav.) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 29 (1945)
Prunus spinosa var. subinermis Moris Fl. Sardoa 2: 11 (1840)
Prunus spinosa var. typica C.K.Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 628 (1906)
Prunus spinosa f. variegata Zabel ex C.K.Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 628 (1906)
Prunus spinosa var. variegata (Zabel ex C.K.Schneid.) Domin Rozpr. České Akad. Vĕd, Tř. 2, Vĕdy Mat. Přír. 54(27): 21 (1945)
Prunus spinosa f. vulgaris Wiefel Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 3: 157 (1885)
Prunus vinariensis Hausskn. ex C.K.Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 628 (1906)
Prunus spinosa var. oxypyrena (Clavaud) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 17 (1900)
Prunus spinosa var. genuina Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 17 (1900)

Common names Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Language Common/alternative name
English blackthorn
English sloe, blackthorn
English sloe
Spanish endrino
Spanish arañonero
Spanish druparia spinosa
Spanish prunus domestica var. spinosa
Spanish prunus spinosa var. typica
an aranyoner
an arañón
an arañoner
an arañonero
an aranyón
an aranyonero
Arabic خوخ شوكي
Arabic جراصيا
Arabic بُرقوق السِّياج
Arabic البُرقوق الشائك
Arabic الخوخ الشوكي
Arabic القراصية
Arabic القريع تُفَّاحي الشكل
Arabic حب المُلُوك
Arabic قراصية
Arabic حب الملوك
Arabic برقوق شائك
Arabic قريع تفاحي الشكل
Arabic برقوق السياج
Arabic البرقوق
Arabic اجاص شائك
Azerbaijani göyəm
azb چاققال ارییی
ba Тёрн
bar schleha
bar schlehdorn
Belarusian Цёрн
Belarusian Сліва калючая
Belarusian Цёрн звычайны
Bulgarian трънка
Catalan aranyoner
Catalan aranyons
Czech trnka obecná
Czech slivoň trnitá
Czech slivoň trnka
cv Кӳкен
Welsh draenen ddu
Danish slåen
Danish slåenbær
German schlehdorn
German schwarzdorn
German straif
German schlehe
German schlehen
German schlehendorn
Greek Τσαπουρνιά
Esperanto prunelo
Esperanto dorna prunuso
Estonian laukapuu
Basque elorri beltza
Basque basaran
Basque elorri beltz
Persian آلو بخارایی
Persian آلوی بخارایی
Finnish oratuomi
French epine noire
French prunellier
French Épine noire
French prunelier
frp belociér
frr sleesuurn
fur sespâr
fur bromp
fur brugnul
fur brugnulâr
fur cespâr
fur cespe
fur ciespe
fur sespe
fur siespe
Irish draighean
gd Àirne
gd airne
Galician abruñeiro
Galician abruñeira
Manx drine airn
Hebrew סלו
Croatian trnina
Upper Sorbian dorničel
Upper Sorbian dorničałka
Upper Sorbian dornyk
Upper Sorbian raćešin
Upper Sorbian wulki hłohonc
Hungarian kökény
Armenian Մամուխ
Armenian Մամխենի
Armenian մամուխ
Indonesian sloe
io prunelo
Italian prugnolo
Italian prugno spinoso
Japanese スピノサスモモ
Georgian კვრინჩხი
Kabyle lberquq n tɣeṭṭen
kbd Пыжъ
kbd Пыжь
Kazakh Тікенді қараөрік
Korean 블랙손
lb scghléiwen
lb schléif
li sjlièkreek
li sjlieëdaoën
li sjlièkrekel
li sleedoorn
Lithuanian dygioji slyva
Latvian Ērkšķu plūme
Macedonian Трнинка
Macedonian трнинка
mwl bruneiro
Norwegian Bokmål slåpetorn
Norwegian Bokmål slåper
Dutch sleedoorn
oc agrenièr
os Какон
os Какæттæ
os Какон сындз
os Каконсындз
os Кокойнæ
os Кокойнæ синдзæ
os Къуырынцхы
os какæттæ
os какон сындз
os каконсындз
os кокойнæ
os кокойнæ синдзæ
os къуырынцхы
os какон
pcd crékier
Polish śliwa tarnina
Polish Śliwa tarnina
Portuguese abrunheiro
Portuguese abrunho
Portuguese brunheiro
Portuguese espinheiro
Romanian porumbar
rsk Тарки
Russian Тёрн
Russian Терн
Russian Слива колючая
Russian Терн колючий
Russian Терновник
Russian Терновый куст
Russian тёрн
scn prignolu
scn avrignuolu
scn brignolu
Samogitian krīgė
Serbo-Croatian trnina
Slovak slivka trnková
Slovenian Črni trn
Slovenian kökény
Slovenian črni trn
Serbian Трњина
stq släieboom
Swedish slån
Swedish slånbär
Swedish slånbärsbuske
Turkish Çakal eriği
udm ӟурзек
udm тёрнпу
udm тёрн
Ukrainian Терен
Ukrainian Терен звичайний
Ukrainian Терен колючий
Ukrainian prunus moldavica
Vietnamese mận gai
vls sleedôorn
Walloon purnalî
Walloon noere sipene
Walloon purnale
Chinese 杏李
Chinese 黑刺李
Chinese 刺李

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!
Begin at 20°C for 6 weeks, cool to 4°C for 6 weeks, then gradually increase to 10°C over 6 weeks. If no germination, the cycle is repeated.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • Caucasus
      • North Caucasus
      • Transcaucasus
    • Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan
    • Western Asia
      • East Aegean Islands
      • Iran
      • Lebanon-Syria
      • Turkey
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Baltic States
      • Belarus
      • Central European Russia
      • East European Russia
      • Krym
      • Northwest European Russia
      • South European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Belgium
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Netherlands
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Denmark
      • Finland
      • Great Britain
      • Ireland
      • Norway
      • Sweden
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Bulgaria
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Romania
      • Sicilia
      • Turkey-in-Europe
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Baleares
      • Corse
      • France
      • Portugal
      • Sardegna
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • Nova Scotia
      • Ontario
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut
      • Maine
      • Massachusetts
      • Michigan
      • New York
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Idaho
      • Oregon
      • Washington
    • Western Canada
      • British Columbia

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0001007437
UNII 5342MY2M3P
Canadensys 8877
USDA Plants PRSP
Tropicos 27800136
INPN 116142
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:730297-1
The Plant List rjp-43
Open Tree Of Life 470244
Observations.org 7270
NCBI Taxonomy 114937
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0000003412
Nature Serve 2.161267
IUCN Red List 172194
IPNI 730297-1
iNaturalist 55811
GBIF 3023221
Freebase /m/029djm
EPPO PRNSN
EOL 632461
Elurikkus 6597
USDA GRIN 30116
Wikipedia Prunus_spinosa
Tropicos 27804702
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:730309-1
The Plant List rjp-15712
Open Tree Of Life 3902764
Observations.org 145870
IPNI 730309-1
iNaturalist 876384
GBIF 3020616
EOL 632466
Elurikkus 671630
USDA GRIN 30121

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
A modified CTAB method for the extraction of high-quality RNA from mono-and dicotyledonous plants rich in secondary metabolites Kiss T, Karácsony Z, Gomba-Tóth A, Szabadi KL, Spitzmüller Z, Hegyi-Kaló J, Cels T, Otto M, Golen R, Hegyi ÁI, Geml J, Váczy KZ Plant Methods 04-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11069240
doi:10.1186/s13007-024-01198-z
PMID:38704591
Commodity risk assessment of Tilia cordata and Tilia platyphyllos plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P EFSA J 03-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11066761
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8803
PMID:38707495
A comprehensive review on pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of 8 potent Prunus species of southeast Asia Shikha A, Adarsh K, Ankit KS, Harshwardhan S, Suresh T, Pradeep K J Tradit Chin Med 30-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11077151
doi:10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2024.03.002
PMID:38767647
Integrative Nursing Interventions for Cancer-Related Symptoms in Oncology Inpatients: Results of a Descriptive Pilot Study Raiber L, Raff C, Thiele J, Kramer K Integr Cancer Ther 29-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11057344
doi:10.1177/15347354241239930
PMID:38680047
Antioxidant Active Polysaccharides Extracted with Oxalate from Wild Blackthorn Fruits (Prunus spinosa L.) Capek P, Uhliariková I Int J Mol Sci 20-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11049966
doi:10.3390/ijms25084519
PMID:38674109
Wild Edible Plants Used in Dalmatian Zagora (Croatia) Ninčević Runjić T, Jug-Dujaković M, Runjić M, Łuczaj Ł Plants (Basel) 11-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11053949
doi:10.3390/plants13081079
PMID:38674488
Exploring the effects of habitat management on grassland biodiversity: A case study from northern Serbia Milić D, Rat M, Bokić B, Mudri-Stojnić S, Milošević N, Sukur N, Jakovetić D, Radak B, Tot T, Vujanović D, Anačkov G, Radišić D PLoS One 28-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10977728
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0301391
PMID:38547306
Spray drift in field crops: A dataset to analyse the influence of air induction nozzles, hedges, and their combination on the reduction of sedimentary drift, aerial drift and exposure of bystanders Perriot B, Pasquier D, Hudebine Y, Verpont F, Vergès A, Codis S, Douzals JP, Bedos C, Grimbuhler S, Sellam M, Naud O Data Brief 25-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11016980
doi:10.1016/j.dib.2024.110366
PMID:38623545
The genome sequence of the common green furrow bee, Lasioglossum morio (Fabricius, 1793) Falk S, Monks J Wellcome Open Res 25-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11063680
doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18715.1
PMID:38699201
UV reflectance in crop remote sensing: Assessing the current state of knowledge and extending research with strawberry cultivars Heath M, St-Onge D, Hausler R PLoS One 25-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10962828
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0285912
PMID:38527020
The first Neolithic boats in the Mediterranean: The settlement of La Marmotta (Anguillara Sabazia, Lazio, Italy) Gibaja JF, Mineo M, Santos FJ, Morell B, Caruso-Fermé L, Remolins G, Masclans A, Mazzucco N PLoS One 20-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10954169
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0299765
PMID:38507432
Saving the local tradition: ethnobotanical survey on the use of plants in Bologna district (Italy) Chiocchio I, Marincich L, Mandrone M, Trincia S, Tarozzi C, Poli F J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 12-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10936038
doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00664-1
PMID:38475780
Commodity risk assessment of Cornus alba and Cornus sanguinea plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Manda RR, Schulz OM, Kariampa P, Akrivou A, Antonatos S, Beris D, Debode J, Kritikos C, Kormpi M, Manceau C, Papachristos D, Reppa C, Gardi C, Potting R EFSA J 12-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10928767
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8657
PMID:38476319
Commodity risk assessment of Ligustrum ovalifolium and Ligustrum vulgare plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P EFSA J 07-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10918603
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8648
PMID:38455154
Traditional Use of Wild Edible Plants in Slovenia: A Field Study and an Ethnobotanical Literature Review Papež Kristanc A, Kreft S, Strgulc Krajšek S, Kristanc L Plants (Basel) 24-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10934440
doi:10.3390/plants13050621
PMID:38475472

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acids
Benzoic Acid 243 Click to see 122.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00022A034
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoyl derivatives
Benzaldehyde 240 Click to see 106.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00022A034
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzyl alcohols
Benzyl Alcohol 244 Click to see 108.14 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00022A034
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes
Nonacosane 12409 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 408.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.197023376
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
3-Hydroxy-beta-ionone 5363700 Click to see 208.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00022A034
3-Oxo-alpha-ionol 5370052 Click to see CC1=CC(=O)CC(C1C=CC(C)O)(C)C 208.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00022A034
Corchoionol C 137705650 Click to see CC1=CC(=O)CC(C1(C=CC(C)O)O)(C)C 224.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00022A034
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones
(3aR,6R,7S,7aR)-7-[2-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl]ethyl]-3,3a,6,7-tetramethyl-4,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-indene-2-carbaldehyde 14487080 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C1(C)CCC3=CC(=O)OC3O)CC(=C2C)C=O)C 332.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1999-5-605
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Cyanogenic glycosides
(2R)-2-phenyl-2-[(4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(3R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyacetonitrile 134694146 Click to see 457.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00063-2
Amygdalin 656516 Click to see 457.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00063-2
Prunasin 119033 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C#N)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O 295.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00063-2
Sambunigrin 91434 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C#N)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O 295.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00063-2
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
Sucrose 5988 Click to see 342.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(88)90095-6
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar alcohols
Galactitol 11850 Click to see 182.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(88)90095-6
Sorbitol 5780 Click to see 182.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(88)90095-6
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins
5-Hydroxy-6-methoxychromen-2-one 71440520 Click to see 192.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50082A008
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
(1S,5R,6R,13R,21S)-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-13-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.02,11.03,8.015,20]henicosa-2(11),3(8),9,15,17,19-hexaene-6,9,17,19,21-pentol 101607497 Click to see 560.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85064-7
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80312-3
(1S,5R,6S,13R,21S)-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-13-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.02,11.03,8.015,20]henicosa-2(11),3(8),9,15,17,19-hexaene-6,9,17,19,21-pentol 73346329 Click to see 560.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85064-7
(2S,2''S,3S,3''R,4S)-3,4',5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavan(2->7,4->8)-3,4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavan 4023574 Click to see 544.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85064-7
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80312-3
Mahuannin A 5317052 Click to see 544.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85064-7
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80312-3
Pavetannin A2 10415767 Click to see 576.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85064-7
Proanthocyanidin A5' 9938091 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC3=C2C4C(C(O3)(OC5=CC(=CC(=C45)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O)C7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)O)O 576.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85064-7
Procyanidin A1 5089889 Click to see 576.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85064-7
Prunus inhibitor b 14586216 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC3=C2C4C(C(O3)(OC5=CC(=CC(=C45)O)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O)O)C7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)O)O 560.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80312-3
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85064-7
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
Catechin 9064 Click to see 290.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50082A008
Epicatechin 72276 Click to see 290.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50082A008
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol 5280863 Click to see 286.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50082A008
Quercetin 5280343 Click to see 302.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50082A008
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Anthocyanins / Anthocyanidin-3-O-glycosides
Keracyanin cation 441674 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=CC4=C(C=C(C=C4[O+]=C3C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 595.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1999-5-605
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
3-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one 92468677 Click to see 434.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00569820
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]oxolan-2-yl]oxy-2-[4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one 162848979 Click to see 564.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19572900710
3-[3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-2-[4-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one 162848978 Click to see 564.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19572900710
Avicularine 12308704 Click to see 434.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00569820
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
3-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]oxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 162890785 Click to see 578.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00595057
3-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]oxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 162890784 Click to see 578.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00595057
3-[3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one 162890783 Click to see 578.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00595057
5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-7-[(2S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 44258935 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=C(C3=O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C)O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O 578.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50082A008
7-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]oxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 162876945 Click to see CC(C1C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=C(C3=O)OC4C(C(C(O4)O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O 550.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00595057
7-[3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxolan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one 162876944 Click to see 550.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00595057

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