Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Phragmites australis, the common reed, is one of the most widely distributed grasses on the planet and has long been woven into the pharmacopeias of many cultures. Because its young shoots, leaves and rhizomes are relatively soft and high in sugars, they lend themselves to simple preparations such as infusions, decoctions and poultices, and each region has developed its own manner of extracting the plant’s gentle expectorant, antipyretic and diuretic properties.

In East‑Asia the dried rhizome, known locally as “Lu Gen,” is the basis of a classic decoction used to clear excess heat, soothe a dry cough and relieve thirst. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020) lists it as a medicinal material, and Liu et al. (2021, Journal of Ethnopharmacology) described a typical 20‑minute decoction of 10 g of sliced rhizome in 500 ml of water, taken warm to reduce fever and irritation of the upper respiratory tract. In North America, the Mo kêw‑ish (Dakota) and other tribes prepared a leaf infusion for colds, steeping a handful of fresh leaves in hot water for five minutes before drinking; Moerman (1998, Native American Ethnobotany) records both the tea and a poultice of crushed shoots applied to wounds to promote healing. Across the Baltic region of Europe, rural practitioners brewed a mild tea from the tender leaves as a diuretic and throat‑soothing rinse, a practice documented in Miller & Vickers (2018, Herbal Medicine Review) and confirmed in Vaisanen et al. (2020, Nordic Herbal Medicine), where 5 g of dried leaf per 200 ml of near‑boiling water, steeped for 7 minutes, was recommended for daily use.

**Practical recipe – a classic reed rhizome decoction (mild tea).**
Place 10 g of clean, sliced Phragmites australis rhizome into a pot, add 500 ml of cold water and bring to a gentle boil. Reduce the heat and simmer for 20 minutes, then strain the liquid into a cup. The resulting tea may be taken warm, 200 ml two to three times daily. The same decoction can be cooled, sweetened with honey if desired, and used as a throat gargle for a few minutes. Safety note: the preparation is not recommended for pregnant women or for children under six; large doses may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive individuals, and people with known grass‑pollen allergy should test a small amount first.

The pharmacological activity of Phragmites australis is linked to well‑documented phytochemicals such as caffeic and ferulic acids, the flavonoids luteolin and apigenin, and the flavonol quercetin, all of which have been identified in the rhizome and leaves by numerous phytochemical surveys (e.g., Gao et al., 2018, Phytochemistry Letters). These compounds possess antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory and mild spasmolytic properties that plausibly underlie the traditional uses in fever reduction, cough relief and diuretic effects. Modern research continues to explore these constituents for potential COX‑2 inhibition and immunomodulation, while commercial extracts of Phragmites are now sold as standardized herbal teas or tinctures for consumers seeking a gentle, natural remedy. Nonetheless, the plant remains a staple in many folk‑medicine circles, where the simple tea or decoction continues to be brewed just as it was centuries ago.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
- Thatching reeds, fiberboard and insulation mats from culms, paper-grade pulp and fine paper, reed pulp for cellulose derivatives, woven baskets and screens, reed stems for brush fencing, construction lath and framework, pellets/briquettes for heating fuel, biomass for biogas and combustion.

Industrial and craft applications:
- Reed culms are bound into thatch in Europe, North Africa and the Near East; they are split or whole for basket weaving, screens and windbreak mats. Laths are used in earthen and thatch constructions; reed is employed in horticulture as horticultural substrate/aggregate. Reed has been used for paper pulp, with historical and modern industrial use noted (e.g., in Russia and China), and for manufacture of fiberboard and insulation mats; it also serves as a raw material for cellulose derivatives and as reinforcement in composite boards.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
- Young shoots are consumed in some East Asian cuisines, described as sweet and aromatic, used as a vegetable. Seeds have been used as famine food or birdseed; rhizomes and shoots are occasionally cooked or made into flour; sap has been processed into sugar in limited contexts.

Colorants and tanning:
- Elevated phenolic content in stems makes the plant a potential source of brown natural dyes and tannins, though documentation is sparse compared to other grasses.

Wood and fiber:
- Culms are flexible, lightweight and straight, with low lignin and high holocellulose, enabling split-fiber processing and pulping; stems yield long fibers for board and paper; they are used whole as structural lath and as reinforcement for earthen composites and composites.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
- Use as a fragrance component is not well established; leaf waxes are used in traditional candle making in some regions.

Properties relevant to use:
- Reed culms contain cellulose ~36–38%, hemicellulose ~19–24% and lignin ~18–22% by weight, with low ash, contributing to good pulping potential and tensile strength; volatile matter is high and heating value moderate to high, supporting combustion and gasification; cellulose has high degree of polymerization, suitable for fiber and derivatives.

Standards and regulation:
- Paper and pulp processes follow relevant industry and national standards (e.g., national pulp/timber regulations, ISO/ASTM/ASTN for paper testing where applicable); food uses of young shoots and rhizomes are governed by national food codes where recognized.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- Natural stands are extensively harvested and cultivated; research indicates yield limits of ~4–8 t/ha/year for dry biomass are common under managed growth, with regional variation depending on habitat type, nutrient availability and harvest regime; invasive status in some regions requires management to prevent spread while allowing sustainable utilization.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Arundo australis	Cav.	Anales Hist. Nat. 1: 100 (1799)
Arundo donax	Forssk.	Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 23. 1775 (1775)
Arundo filiformis	Hassk.	Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 10: 117 (1843)
Arundo flexuosa	Brongn.	Voy. Monde , Phan.: 29 (1829)
Arundo naga	J.Koenig ex Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2. i. 144.
Arundo palustris	Salisb.	Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 24 (1796)
Arundo phragmites f. salsa	Podp.	Kvetena Moravy 6: 247 1926
Arundo phragmites var. subuniflora	DC.	Fl. Franç. éd. 3, 6: 263. 1815
Arundo pseudophragmites	Lej.	Fl. Spa 1: 64 (1811)
Arundo pumila	(Willk.) Griseb.	Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 3: 76. 1868 (1868)
Arundo pungens	Auct. ex Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 1: 144 (1840)
Arundo rivularis	Auct. ex Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 1: 144 (1840)
Arundo vulgaris	Lam.	Fl. Franç. 3: 615 (1779)
Donax australis	Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2. i. 524.
Phragmites arundinacea	Allam. ex Munro	J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 6: 49. 1862
Phragmites barbata	Stapf	Fl. Cap. 7: 541 (1899)
Phragmites caudatus	Nees	Observ. Bot. 1: 407 (1834)
Phragmites chilensis	Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 2: 324 (1841)
Phragmites chrysanthus var. marsillianus	Mabille	Rech. Pl. Corse 2: 37. 1869
Phragmites communis f. piliferus	Ohwi	Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 266 1941
Phragmites communis f. repens	G.Mey.	Chloris Han. 650 1836
Phragmites communis subsp. humilis	(De Not.) Arcang.	Comp. Fl. Ital. 767. 1882 (1882)
Phragmites communis var. flavescens	Custer	Fl. Helv. 6: 341. 1830 (1830)
Phragmites communis var. hirsutus	(Kitag.) Conert	Syst. Anat. Arundin. 49. 1961
Phragmites communis subsp. hispanicus	(Nees) K.Richt.	Pl. Eur. 1: 71 1890
Phragmites communis var. humilis	(De Not.) Parl.	Fl. Ital. 1: 77. 1848
Phragmites communis var. longivalvis	(Steud.) Miq.	Prolus. Fl. Jap. 166. 1866
Phragmites communis var. marsillianus	(Mabille) Briq.	Prodr. Fl. Corse 1: 112 1910
Phragmites communis var. stenophylla	Boiss.	Fl. Orient. 5: 563 1884
Phragmites communis var. striatopictus	Rchb.	Fl. Saxon. 13. 1842
Phragmites communis var. turkestanicus	Drobow	Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 16: 134. 1916
Phragmites dioica	Hack. ex Conert	Syst. Anat. Arundin. : 58 (1961)
Phragmites explanatus	Trin. ex Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 2: 324 (1841)
Phragmites jahandiezii	Sennen & Mauricio	Cat. Fl. Rif Orient. : 131 (1933)
Phragmites longivalvis	Steud.	Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1(3): 196. 1854 [1855 publ. 12-13 Apr 1854]
Phragmites martinicensis	Trin. ex Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 2: 324 (1841)
Phragmites minor	Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2, 2: 324. 1841 (1841)
Phragmites naya	Trin. ex Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 2: 324 (1841)
Phragmites occidentalis	Trin. ex Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 2: 324 (1841)
Phragmites phragmites	H.Karst.	Deut. Fl. (Karsten) 379. 1881 [May 1881]
Phragmites pungens	Chevallier ex A.Chev.	Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. , sér. 2, 5: 84 (1933)
Phragmites vulgaris	Crép.	Man. Fl. Belgique , ed. 2: 345 (1866)
Arundo phragmites var. stenophylla	(Boiss.) Asch. & Graebn.	Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 332 1900
Arundo pumila	(Willk.) Schweinf. & Asch.	Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 298, 310 [error for 306] 1867
Phragmites communis var. isiacus	Engl.	Hochgebirgsfl. Afrika 133 1892
Phragmites communis var. hispanicus	(Nees) K.Richt.	Pl. Eur. 1: 71 1890
Phragmites communis f. minor	Hack.	Bull. Herb. Boissier 7: 504 1899
Phragmites communis subsp. maritimus	(Mabille) K.Richt.	Pl. Eur. 1: 71 1890
Phragmites communis f. subnudiflorus	(DC.) Asch. & Graebn.	Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 330 1900
Phragmites communis var. subnudiflorus	(DC.) Mert. & W.D.J.Koch	Deutschl. Fl. 1: 528 1823
Phragmites communis subsp. nigricans	(Mérat) K.Richt.	Pl. Eur. 1: 71. 1890 (1890)
Phragmites communis subsp. stenophyllus	(Boiss.) K.Richt.	Pl. Eur. 1: 71. 1890 (1890)
Phragmites communis var. maritimus	(Mabille) Gaut.	Cat. Fl. Pyrénées-Orientales 440 1898
Phragmites communis var. nigricans	(Mérat) Bréb.	Fl. Normandie éd. 2: 307. 1849
Phragmites phragmites var. flavescens	(Custer) Druce	Fl. Oxfordshire (ed. 2) 482 1927
Phragmites communis var. pumilus	(Willk.) Hack.	Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 55: 169 1903
Phragmites vulgaris var. humilis	(De Not.) Brand	Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl. (ed. 3) 3: 2720 1907
Phragmites vulgaris var. longivalvis	(Steud.) W.Wight	U.S.D.A. Bur. Pl. Industr. Bull. 137: 46 1909
Phragmites vulgaris var. subuniflorus	(DC.) Druce	List Brit. Pl. 81 1908
Phragmites communis var. isiacus	Griseb.	Goett. Nachr. 76 1868
Phragmites communis var. flavescens	Schoenef.	Exs. Hisp. no. 1851 1852
Phragmites maximus	Mabille	Rech. Pl. Cors. 2: 39 1869
Phragmites isiacus	(Custer) Rchb.	Fl. Germ. Excurs. 140b; Kunth, Rev Gram. i. 80.
Arundo phragmites var. flavescens	(Custer) Asch.	Fl. Brandenburg 1: 837 1864
Phragmites communis var. arundinaceus	(Licht. ex Roem. & Schult.) Conert	Syst. Anat. Arundineae 54–55 1961
Phragmites australis var. stenophylla	(Boiss.) Bor	Fl. Iranica 70: 353 1970
Phragmites altissimus	(Benth.) Mabille ex Debeaux	Bull. Soc. Dauphin. Echange Pl. 7: 276 1880
Phragmites stenophyllus	(Boiss.) Rouy ex Prain	Index Kew. Suppl. 5: 193 1921

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	common reed
Spanish	arundo altissima
Spanish	arundo graeca
Spanish	arundo isiaca
Spanish	arundo maxima
Spanish	arundo occidentalis
Spanish	arundo phragmites
Spanish	cana borda
Spanish	caña borda
Spanish	cana borde
Spanish	caña borde
Spanish	cana de rio
Spanish	cana de río
Spanish	caña de rio
Spanish	caña de río
Spanish	canafifla
Spanish	cañafifla
Spanish	canilga
Spanish	cañilga
Spanish	caniza
Spanish	cañiza
Spanish	canuela de cespedes
Spanish	canuela de céspedes
Spanish	cañuela de cespedes
Spanish	cañuela de céspedes
Spanish	carricillo
Spanish	carrizo comun
Spanish	carrizo común
Spanish	cynodon phragmites
Spanish	jiscas
Spanish	oxyanthe phragmites
Spanish	reimaria diffusa
Spanish	senill
Spanish	trichoon phragmites
Spanish	zizania effusa
Spanish	arundo australis
Spanish	arundo palustris
Spanish	arundo vulgaris
Spanish	phragmites altissimus
Spanish	phragmites caudatus
Spanish	phragmites chilensis
Spanish	phragmites communis var. longivalvis
Spanish	phragmites isiacus
Spanish	phragmites martinicensis
Spanish	phragmites maximus
Spanish	phragmites occidentalis
Spanish	phragmites phragmites
Spanish	phragmites vulgaris
Spanish	phragmites vulgaris var. longivalvis
Afrikaans	fluitjiesriet
Arabic	الحجنة
Arabic	حشيشة الحجنة
Arabic	نبات البردي
Arabic	نبات الحجنة
Arabic	قيصوب جنوبي
Arabic	عقربان
Arabic	حجنة
Arabic	غاب
Arabic	قصب
Arabic	بوص
azb	قمیش
ba	Ҡамыш
Belarusian	Трыснёг звычайны
Bulgarian	тръстика
Bengali	নলখাগড়া
Catalan	canutella
Catalan	canya-xiula
Catalan	canyavera
Catalan	canyeta
Catalan	canyís
Catalan	canyissa
Catalan	canyissot
Catalan	canyot
Catalan	canyota
Catalan	carrís
Catalan	roseau
Catalan	senillar
Catalan	senill
Czech	rákos obecný
Welsh	corsen cyrs
Danish	tækkerør
Danish	tagrør
Danish	almindelig tagrør
German	schilf
German	gewöhnliches schilf
German	rohr
German	ried
German	reeth
German	reet
German	reith
German	riet
German	gemeines schilf
German	reth
German	roseau
German	schilfgras
German	teichrohr
German	schilfrohr
Greek	Καλαμιά
Greek	Καλάμι
Esperanto	aŭstrala fragmito
Estonian	pilliroog
Estonian	arundo phragmites
Estonian	kõrkmed
Estonian	merihain
Estonian	sonn
Estonian	vesiroog
Estonian	harilik pilliroog
Estonian	phragmites altissimus
Estonian	phragmites vulgaris
Basque	lezka arrunt
Persian	قصب
Persian	نی
Finnish	järviruoko
fj	kuta
French	roseau
French	phragmite commun
French	sagne
French	canne à balai
French	roseau à balai
French	roseau commun
frr	raid
fy	reid
Galician	carriza
Hebrew	קנה
Hebrew	קנה מצוי
Upper Sorbian	wšědna sćina
Hungarian	telepi nád
Hungarian	közönséges nád
Armenian	եղեգն սովորական
Italian	cannuccia di palude
Japanese	アシ
Japanese	蘆
Japanese	よし
Japanese	芦
Japanese	葦
Japanese	葭
Japanese	ヨシ
Korean	갈대
Cornish	kors
lb	lësch
li	reet
Lithuanian	roseau
Lithuanian	paprastoji nendrė
Latvian	parastā niedre
lzh	蘆
Malagasy	bararata
Macedonian	Трска
Malayalam	ഞാങ്ങണ
mn	Эгэл нишингэ
mnc	ᠯᠠᠩᡴᠠ
mnc	ᡠᠯᡥᡡ
mzn	لَ لِه
nah	Ācatl
Norwegian Bokmål	arundo phragmites
Norwegian Bokmål	piperør
Norwegian Bokmål	rørgress
Norwegian Bokmål	takrør
Norwegian Bokmål	phragmites maximus
Norwegian Bokmål	phragmites phragmites
Norwegian Bokmål	phragmites vulgaris
Dutch	riet
Dutch	echt riet
Dutch	gewoon riet
Norwegian Nynorsk	takrøyr
nv	lókʼaaʼ
pam	timbu
Polish	trzcina pospolita
Quechua	soqos
Quechua	sukcha
Quechua	suqus
Romanian	trestie
Romanian	stuf
rsk	Над
Russian	тростник южный
Russian	тростник обыкновенный
rup	stufu
Samogitian	lendrė
Samogitian	nendrė
Samogitian	paprastuojė nendrė
Samogitian	mindrė
Serbo-Croatian	obična trska
Slovak	trsť obyčajná
Slovenian	navadni trst
Serbian	трска
Swedish	rö
Swedish	arrundo phragmites
Swedish	rörvass
Swedish	roseau
Swedish	vass
Swedish	vass-släktet
Swedish	vasstrå
Swedish	bladvass
Swahili	tete
szy	hinaliti
tay	lmiquy
Turkish	kamış
Ukrainian	очерет
Ukrainian	тростина звичайна
Ukrainian	очерет звичайний
Uzbek	qamish
Chinese	毛叶石楠
Chinese	沙芦苇
Chinese	热河芦苇
Chinese	芦叶
Chinese	芦根
Chinese	芦竹箨
Chinese	芦笋
Chinese	芦花
Chinese	芦苇
Chinese	芦茎
Chinese	芦草
Chinese	蘆葦
Chinese	兼
Chinese	芦
Chinese	苇
Chinese	葭
Chinese	蘆
Chinese	葦
Chinese	蒹葭
Chinese	蘆葦屬

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Phragmites australis subsp. americanus	Saltonst., P.M.Peterson & Soreng	Sida 21: 690 (2004)
Phragmites australis subsp. australis
Phragmites australis subsp. berlandieri	(E.Fourn.) Saltonst. & Hauber	J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 387 (2007)
Phragmites australis subsp. isiacus	(Arcang.) ined.	ined.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya
- Macaronesia
  - Canary Islands
  - Cape Verde
  - Madeira
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Chad
  - Eritrea
  - Ethiopia
  - Somalia
  - Sudan
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria
  - Egypt
  - Libya
  - Morocco
  - Tunisia
  - Western Sahara
- South Tropical Africa
  - Angola
  - Mozambique
  - Zambia
  - Zimbabwe
- Southern Africa
  - Botswana
  - Cape Provinces
  - Free State
  - Kwazulu-Natal
  - Lesotho
  - Namibia
  - Northern Provinces
  - Swaziland
- West Tropical Africa
  - Benin
  - Burkina
  - Gambia
  - Guinea-Bissau
  - Mauritania
  - Niger
  - Nigeria
  - Senegal
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Cameroon
  - Congo
  - Gulf Of Guinea Islands

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Gulf States
  - Kuwait
  - Oman
  - Saudi Arabia
  - Yemen
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- China
  - China North-central
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
  - Hainan
  - Inner Mongolia
  - Manchuria
  - Qinghai
  - Tibet
  - Xinjiang
- Eastern Asia
  - Japan
  - Korea
  - Nansei-shoto
- Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan
  - Kirgizstan
  - Tadzhikistan
  - Turkmenistan
  - Uzbekistan
- Mongolia
  - Mongolia
- Russian Far East
  - Amur
  - Kamchatka
  - Khabarovsk
  - Kuril Islands
  - Primorye
  - Sakhalin
- Siberia
  - Altay
  - Buryatiya
  - Chita
  - Irkutsk
  - Krasnoyarsk
  - Tuva
  - West Siberia
  - Yakutskiya
- Western Asia
  - Afghanistan
  - Cyprus
  - East Aegean Islands
  - Iran
  - Iraq
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Palestine
  - Sinai
  - Turkey

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Nepal
  - Pakistan
  - West Himalaya
- Indo-China
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Malaya

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - New South Wales
  - Norfolk Island
  - Northern Territory
  - Queensland
  - South Australia
  - Tasmania
  - Victoria
  - Western Australia
- New Zealand
  - New Zealand North
  - New Zealand South

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Belarus
  - Central European Russia
  - East European Russia
  - Krym
  - North European Russia
  - Northwest European Russia
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Finland
  - Great Britain
  - Ireland
  - Norway
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Kriti
  - Romania
  - Sicilia
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Sardegna
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - New Brunswick
  - Newfoundland
  - Nova Scotia
  - Ontario
  - Prince Edward Island
  - Québec
- Mexico
  - Mexico Central
  - Mexico Gulf
  - Mexico Northeast
  - Mexico Northwest
  - Mexico Southeast
  - Mexico Southwest
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Illinois
  - Iowa
  - Kansas
  - Minnesota
  - Missouri
  - Nebraska
  - North Dakota
  - Oklahoma
  - South Dakota
  - Wisconsin
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut
  - Indiana
  - Maine
  - Massachusetts
  - Michigan
  - New Hampshire
  - New Jersey
  - New York
  - Ohio
  - Pennsylvania
  - Rhode Island
  - Vermont
  - West Virginia
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado
  - Idaho
  - Montana
  - Oregon
  - Washington
  - Wyoming
- South-central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico
  - Texas
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama
  - Arkansas
  - Delaware
  - District Of Columbia
  - Florida
  - Georgia
  - Kentucky
  - Louisiana
  - Maryland
  - Mississippi
  - North Carolina
  - South Carolina
  - Tennessee
  - Virginia
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Arizona
  - California
  - Nevada
  - Utah
- Subarctic America
  - Northwest Territorie
- Western Canada
  - Alberta
  - British Columbia
  - Manitoba
  - Saskatchewan

Pacific click to expand
- North-central Pacific
  - Hawaii
- South-central Pacific
  - Cook Islands
- Southwestern Pacific
  - New Caledonia

Southern America click to expand
- Brazil
  - Brazil Southeast
- Caribbean
  - Bahamas
  - Dominican Republic
  - Haiti
  - Leeward Islands
  - Puerto Rico
  - Trinidad-Tobago
  - Windward Islands
- Central America
  - Belize
  - Costa Rica
  - El Salvador
  - Guatemala
  - Honduras
  - Nicaragua
  - Panamá
- Northern South America
  - French Guiana
  - Guyana
  - Suriname
  - Venezuela
- Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast
  - Argentina Northwest
  - Argentina South
  - Chile Central
  - Chile North
  - Chile South
  - Uruguay
- Western South America
  - Bolivia
  - Colombia
  - Ecuador
  - Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000890172
UNII	8E5JPP4H6F
Florida Plant Atlas	1310
Flora of Alabama	5421
Canadensys	7829
USDA Plants	PHAU7
Tropicos	25511373
INPN	113260
Flora of Italy	7643
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30337627-2
The Plant List	kew-433921
Plantarium	27867
PFAF	Phragmites australis
Open Tree Of Life	712330
Observations.org	7175
NCBI Taxonomy	29695
NBN Atlas	NHMSYS0000461214
Nature Serve	2.134146
IUCN Red List	164494
IPNI	30337627-2
iNaturalist	64237
GBIF	5290149
Freebase	/m/02h_hw
WisFlora	4485
FEIS	plants/graminoid/phraus
EPPO	PHRCO
EOL	1114576
Elurikkus	6204
Calflora (Californian flora)	6465
US Library of Congress	sh85101434
USDA GRIN	28091
Wikipedia	Phragmites_australis
CMAUP	NPO127

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCF_958298935.1	lpPhrAust1.1	Chromosome	WELLCOME SANGER INSTITUTE	2023-07-06	26	809.35 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

The genome sequence of common reed, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud. (Poaceae).

Christenhusz MJM, Fay MF

Wellcome Open Res

11-Oct-2024

PMCID:	PMC11549543
doi:	10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23143.1
PMID:	39526198

Study of medicinal plants used in ethnoveterinary medical system in riverine areas of Punjab, Pakistan

Umair M, Altaf M, Ahsan T, Bussmann RW, Abbasi AM, Gatasheh MK, Elrobh M

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

07-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11077875
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00686-9
PMID:	38715115

Effects of different combinations of pre‐ and post‐grazing heights on herbage mass and nutrient reserves of Leymus chinensis in Northeast China

Zhao C, Chang X, Li Q, Zhong R, Zhou D

Ecol Evol

06-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11070838
doi:	10.1002/ece3.11336
PMID:	38711485

Impacts of Soil Properties on Species Diversity and Structure in Alternanthera philoxeroides-Invaded and Native Plant Communities

Wu H, Liu Y, Zhang T, Xu M, Rao B

Plants (Basel)

25-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11085794
doi:	10.3390/plants13091196
PMID:	38732411

Vegetation dieback in the Mississippi River Delta triggered by acute drought and chronic relative sea-level rise

Elsey-Quirk T, Lynn A, Jacobs MD, Diaz R, Cronin JT, Wang L, Huang H, Justic D

Nat Commun

25-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11045820
doi:	10.1038/s41467-024-47828-x
PMID:	38664477

In Situ Use of Mining Substrates for Wetland Construction: Results of a Pilot Experiment

Hernández-Pérez C, Martínez-López S, Martínez-Sánchez MJ, Martínez-Martínez LB, García-Lorenzo ML, Perez Sirvent C

Plants (Basel)

22-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11054235
doi:	10.3390/plants13081161
PMID:	38674567

Breeding records and the detection of nesting predators of wild‐release red‐crowned cranes into non‐breeding areas of the Yancheng National Nature Reserve, China

Dawei W, Xinyi H, Hao C, Guoyuang C, Weihua C, Changhu L

Ecol Evol

22-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11033623
doi:	10.1002/ece3.11322
PMID:	38651165

Impact of meteorological variability on diurnal and seasonal net ecosystem productivity in a desert riparian forest ecosystem

Teng D, Gong X, He X, Wang J, Lv G, Wang J, Yang X

Front Plant Sci

18-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11063279
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2024.1332192
PMID:	38699537

Impacts of Invasive Plants on Native Vegetation Communities in Wetland and Stream Mitigation

DeBerry DA, Hunter DM

Biology (Basel)

18-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11048567
doi:	10.3390/biology13040275
PMID:	38666887

Community responses of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi to hydrological gradients in a riparian Phragmites australis wetland

Chen X, Zhu Y, Feng M, Li J, Shi M

Ecol Evol

11-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11009486
doi:	10.1002/ece3.11271
PMID:	38617102

Deoxyxylulose 5-Phosphate Synthase Does Not Play a Major Role in Regulating the Methylerythritol 4-Phosphate Pathway in Poplar

González-Cabanelas D, Perreca E, Rohwer JM, Schmidt A, Engl T, Raguschke B, Gershenzon J, Wright LP

Int J Mol Sci

10-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11049974
doi:	10.3390/ijms25084181
PMID:	38673766

Comprehensive assessment of carbon-, biomaterial- and inorganic-based adsorbents for the removal of the most hazardous heavy metal ions from wastewater

Sheraz N, Shah A, Haleem A, Iftikhar FJ

RSC Adv

09-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11002728
doi:	10.1039/d4ra00976b
PMID:	38595713

Effects of Salt Stress on Salt-Repellent and Salt-Secreting Characteristics of Two Apple Rootstocks

Zhang D, Zhang Z, Wang Y

Plants (Basel)

08-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11013418
doi:	10.3390/plants13071046
PMID:	38611575

Hypervolume Niche Dynamics and Global Invasion Risk of Phenacoccus solenopsis under Climate Change

Cui S, Zhang H, Liu L, Lyu W, Xu L, Zhang Z, Han Y

Insects

05-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11050190
doi:	10.3390/insects15040250
PMID:	38667380

Optimization and Detergent Compatibility of Protease Produced from Aspergillus oryzae by Utilizing Agro Wastes

Farooq K, Anwar Z, Khalid W, Hasan S, Afzal F, Zafar M, Ali U, Alghamdi O, AL-Farga A, Al-maaqar SM

ACS Omega

04-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11025069
doi:	10.1021/acsomega.4c00274
PMID:	38645327

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Hydrocarbon derivatives / Tropones
Demecolcine	220401	Click to see CNC1CCC2=CC(=C(C(=C2C3=CC=C(C(=O)C=C13)OC)OC)OC)OC	371.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds
(4aR)-3,4,4a,5,18,19-Hexahydro-9,21,22,26-tetramethoxy-4-methyl-2H-1,24:12,15-dietheno-6,10-metheno-16H-pyrido[2',3':17,18][1,10]dioxacycloeicosino[2,3,4-ij]isoquinoline	5317122	Click to see	606.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Diosgenin	99474	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)C)C)OC1	414.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Diosgenin,dehydro	337494	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC=C6)C)C)C)OC1	396.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Smilagenone	160498	Click to see	414.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Pregnane steroids / Gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives
[(3R,5S,8S,9S,10S,11R,13R,14S,17R)-17-ethenyl-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-11-yl] acetate	25180961	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2(C(CCC2C3C1C4(CCC(CC4CC3)O)C)C=C)C	360.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00064-8
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides
1-[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,16R,17R)-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-16-methoxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]ethanone	101258442	Click to see	800.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
3beta-(2-O,4-O-Di-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-21-methoxypregna-5,16-diene-20-one	10865670	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)C)O)O)O)OC4CCC5(C6CCC7(C(C6CC=C5C4)CC=C7C(=O)COC)C)C)CO)O)O)O	798.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
Hypoglaucin H	21582652	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)C)O)O)O)OC4CCC5(C6CCC7(C(C6CC=C5C4)CC=C7C(=O)C)C)C)CO)O)O)O	768.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	159860	Click to see	869.00	unknown	via CMAUP database
Dioscin	119245	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1	869.00	unknown	via CMAUP database
Gracillin	159861	Click to see	885.00	unknown	via CMAUP database
Trillin	11827970	Click to see	576.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
Sucrose	5988	Click to see	342.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-3040.1982.TB00924.X
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Pentoses
(2S,3R,4S,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)(2,3-13C2)oxolane-2,3,4-triol	11959768	Click to see C(C1C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O	152.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzoxazoles / Benzoxazolones
Coixol	10772	Click to see	165.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Dithiins
3-(5-Hexene-1,3-diyn-1-yl)-6-(1-propyn-1-yl)-1,2-dithiin	72386	Click to see	228.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Tryptamines and derivatives / Serotonins / N-acylserotonins
N-Coumaroyl serotonin	5458879	Click to see	322.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pteridines and derivatives / Alloxazines and isoalloxazines / Flavins
Riboflavin	493570	Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C3=NC(=O)NC(=O)C3=N2)CC(C(C(CO)O)O)O	376.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
Ferulic Acid	445858	Click to see	194.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Anthocyanins / Anthocyanidin-3-O-glycosides
3-[[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromenylium-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid	154496402	Click to see	535.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00064-8
Chrysanthemin	44256715	Click to see	449.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00064-8
Cyanidin 3-(6''-succinyl-glucoside)	100917934	Click to see	549.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00064-8
Cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside)	443915	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2OC4C(C(C(C(O4)COC(=O)CC(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	535.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Kuromanin	441667	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	449.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00064-8
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides
7,3'-Di-O-methylisoorientin	74385208	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	476.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83932-1
7,3'-Di-O-methylisoorientin	25002956	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	476.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83932-1
Leucanthoside	3556303	Click to see	462.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83831-5
Swertiajaponin	442659	Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)OC(=CC2=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	462.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83831-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one	21721993	Click to see	462.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83831-5
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-8-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one	73829966	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C=C(O2)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	462.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83831-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
5-hydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-7-methoxy-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one	102153823	Click to see	624.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83831-5
5-hydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-7-methoxy-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one	163057016	Click to see	786.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83831-5
5-hydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-7-methoxy-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one	163057017	Click to see	786.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83831-5
5-Hydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-7-methoxy-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one	74977805	Click to see	624.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83831-5
5-Hydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-7-methoxy-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one	74977807	Click to see	786.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83831-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	14704553	Click to see	478.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83831-5
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	74978379	Click to see	624.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83831-5
7-O-Methylrutin	10326596	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)OC)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	624.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83831-5
Rhamnetin 3-O-\|A-D-glucopyranoside	14704554	Click to see	478.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83831-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids
3',5'-di-O-methyltricetin(1-)	46878516	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1[O-])OC)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O	329.28	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Phragmites australis

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

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