Uncaria gambir, also known as gambier or gambir, is a plant species commonly found in Southeast Asia, particularly in Malaysia and Indonesia. Its extract, known as gambier extract, has been traditionally used for various purposes such as chewing with areca and betel, tanning and dyeing, and as herbal medicine. It was also believed to have medicinal properties that could prevent diseases spread by the now outdated theory of miasma. The Indians even created a paste called paan, made from gambir, which was considered the first antimiasmatic application. The gambir tree can also be found in Southern India and Sri Lanka.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Nauclea gambir	W.Hunter	Trans. Linn. Soc. London 9: 218 (1808)
Ourouparia gambir	Baill.	Hist. Pl. 7: 350 (1880)
Uncaria gambir var. latifolia	S.Moore	J. Bot. 62(Suppl.): 47. 1924
Uncaria yunnanensis	K.C.Hsia	Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 319 (1982)
Uruparia gambier	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 301 (1891)
Cinchona kattukambar	J.Koenig ex DC.	Obs. Bot. Pug. : 11 (1810)
Uncaria gambir var. angulata	Wawra	Itin. Princ. S. Coburgi 1: 118. 1883

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	gambier
English	gambir
Arabic	الكاد
German	gambir
Indonesian	gambir
Japanese	阿仙薬
Japanese	ガンビール
Japanese	ガンビール阿仙薬
Japanese	ガンビールノキ
Japanese	アセンヤク
jv	gambir
mad	ghâmbhir
Malay	gambir sarawak
Norwegian Bokmål	gambirlian
Polish	czepota gambir
Russian	Гамбир
Swedish	gambir
Thai	กะเมีย
Thai	สีเสียดเทศ
Thai	สีเสียดแขก
Chinese	甘蜜
Chinese	阿仙藥

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Zaïre

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Bangladesh
- Malesia
  - Borneo
  - Jawa
  - Malaya
  - Sumatera

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000329239
UNII	K63NT5I1B8
USDA Plants	UNGA
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60458896-2
The Plant List	kew-209796
Open Tree Of Life	3881130
NCBI Taxonomy	2872617
IPNI	60458896-2
iNaturalist	347752
GBIF	5338190
Freebase	/m/0bbwzxp
EPPO	UNCGA
EOL	1095966
USDA GRIN	40865
Wikipedia	Uncaria_gambir
CMAUP	NPO9390

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Active self-treatment of a facial wound with a biologically active plant by a male Sumatran orangutan

Laumer IB, Rahman A, Rahmaeti T, Azhari U, Hermansyah, Atmoko SS, Schuppli C

Sci Rep

02-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11066025
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-58988-7
PMID:	38698007

Enhanced Stability, Superior Anti-Corrosive, and Tribological Performance of Al2O3 Water-based Nanofluid Lubricants with Tannic Acid and Carboxymethyl Cellulose over SDBS as Surfactant

Rahmadiawan D, Shi SC

Sci Rep

22-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11035603
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-59010-w
PMID:	38649440

Antimicrobial Action Mechanisms of Natural Compounds Isolated from Endophytic Microorganisms

Eshboev F, Mamadalieva N, Nazarov PA, Hussain H, Katanaev V, Egamberdieva D, Azimova S

Antibiotics (Basel)

18-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10967585
doi:	10.3390/antibiotics13030271
PMID:	38534706

Hypoglycemic effects of dracorhodin and dragon blood crude extract from Daemonorops draco

Ching YH, Lin FM, Chen HC, Hsu CY, P’ng SY, Lin TN, Wang YC, Lin CJ, Chen YC, Ho TJ, Chen HP

Bot Stud

06-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10917723
doi:	10.1186/s40529-024-00415-1
PMID:	38446324

Bio-mordants: a review

Benli H

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

23-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10948525
doi:	10.1007/s11356-024-32174-8
PMID:	38396176

Bioactive Compounds from Plant Origin as Natural Antimicrobial Agents for the Treatment of Wound Infections

Pacyga K, Pacyga P, Topola E, Viscardi S, Duda-Madej A

Int J Mol Sci

08-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10889580
doi:	10.3390/ijms25042100
PMID:	38396777

Malondialdehyde and TNF-α lowering effects of purified gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) in diabetic rats

Armenia A, Badriyya E, Rahmita S, Rachmaini F, Abdillah R

J Ayurveda Integr Med

23-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10835436
doi:	10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100855
PMID:	38266537

Adsorption of copper from water using TiO2-modified activated carbon derived from orange peels and date seeds: Response surface methodology optimization

Neisan RS, Saady NM, Bazan C, Zendehboudi S, Albayati TM

Heliyon

29-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10660060
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21420
PMID:	38027893

Plant Extracts as Skin Care and Therapeutic Agents

Michalak M

Int J Mol Sci

22-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10607442
doi:	10.3390/ijms242015444
PMID:	37895122

In Vitro Synergistic Inhibitory Effects of Plant Extract Combinations on Bacterial Growth of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Jeong JY, Jung IG, Yum SH, Hwang YJ

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

20-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10610001
doi:	10.3390/ph16101491
PMID:	37895962

Preliminary in vitro cytotoxic evaluation of Uncaria gambier (Hunt) Roxb extract as a potential herbal-based pulpotomy medicament

Tan BC, Mahyuddin A, Sockalingam SN, Zakaria AS

BMC Complement Med Ther

20-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10510159
doi:	10.1186/s12906-023-04163-w
PMID:	37730579

Nano Uncaria gambir as Chemopreventive Agent Against Breast Cancer

Wardana AP, Aminah NS, Kristanti AN, Fahmi MZ, Zahrah HI, Widiyastuti W, Ajiz HA, Zubaidah U, Wiratama PA, Takaya Y

Int J Nanomedicine

03-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10406122
doi:	10.2147/IJN.S403385
PMID:	37555190

Anthelmintic activity of Carica pubescens aqueous seed extract and its effects on rumen fermentation and methane reduction in Indonesian thin-tailed sheep: An in vitro study

Baihaqi ZA, Widiyono I, Angeles AA, Suwignyo B, Nurcahyo W

Vet World

09-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10446714
doi:	10.14202/vetworld.2023.1421-1428
PMID:	37621545

Emilia sonchifolia leaf extract-mediated green synthesis, characterization, in vitro biological activities, photocatalytic degradation and in vivo Danio rerio embryo toxicity of copper nanoparticles

Sankara Narayanan VP, Kathirason SG, Elango P, Subramanian R, R S, Gurusamy A

RSC Adv

02-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10237268
doi:	10.1039/d3ra00454f
PMID:	37274400

Potential of Secondary Metabolites of Diaporthe Species Associated with Terrestrial and Marine Origins

Wei W, Khan B, Dai Q, Lin J, Kang L, Rajput NA, Yan W, Liu G

J Fungi (Basel)

07-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10143158
doi:	10.3390/jof9040453
PMID:	37108907

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Corynanthean-type alkaloids
Gambirine	3036945	Click to see CCC1CN2CCC3=C(C2CC1C(=COC)C(=O)OC)NC4=C3C(=CC=C4)O	384.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
methyl (1R,2R,17S,19R)-2-methyl-4,14,21,31-tetrazaoctacyclo[15.15.0.02,14.03,11.05,10.019,31.020,28.022,27]dotriaconta-3(11),5,7,9,15,20(28),22,24,26-nonaene-16-carboxylate	21598340	Click to see CC12C3CN4CCC5=C(C4CC3C(=CN1CCC6=C2NC7=CC=CC=C67)C(=O)OC)NC8=CC=CC=C58	492.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Roxburghine B	442115	Click to see CC12C3CN4CCC5=C(C4CC3C(=CN1CCC6=C2NC7=CC=CC=C67)C(=O)OC)NC8=CC=CC=C58	492.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Plumeran-type alkaloids
methyl (4S)-4-[(10S,11R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-10-methoxycarbonyl-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraen-4-yl]-1-ethyl-2-oxa-6,16-diazahexacyclo[16.2.1.03,19.05,13.07,12.016,19]henicosa-5(13),7,9,11-tetraene-4-carboxylate	5315743	Click to see CCC12CC3CN4C3(C1)C(O2)C(C5=C(CC4)C6=CC=CC=C6N5)(C7=C(C=C8C(=C7)C91CCN2C9C(C=CC2)(C(C(C1N8C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC	821.00	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid	370	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)O	170.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Catechols
Catechol	289	Click to see C1=CC=C(C(=C1)O)O	110.11	unknown	via CMAUP database
Catechol,[14c(u)]	11480435	Click to see C1=CC=C(C(=C1)O)O	122.07	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones / Pyranoxanthones
Guttic acid	16072310	Click to see CC(=CCCC1(C=CC2=C(C3=C(C(=C2O1)CC=C(C)C)OC45C6CC(C=C4C3=O)C(=O)C5(OC6(C)C)CC=C(C)C(=O)O)O)C)C	628.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Pyridoindoles / Beta carbolines
[(E)-1-[(2S)-3-ethyl-8-hydroxy-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizin-2-yl]-2-methoxyethenyl] acetate	5317477	Click to see CCC1CN2CCC3=C(C2CC1C(=COC)OC(=O)C)NC4=C3C(=CC=C4)O	384.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indolizidines
(3R,20S)-19alpha-Methyl-2-oxoformosanan-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester	98363	Click to see CC1C2CN3CCC4(C3CC2C(=CO1)C(=O)OC)C5=CC=CC=C5NC4=O	368.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isopteropodine	9885603	Click to see CC1C2CN3CCC4(C3CC2C(=CO1)C(=O)OC)C5=CC=CC=C5NC4=O	368.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Mitraphylline	94160	Click to see CC1C2CN3CCC4(C3CC2C(=CO1)C(=O)OC)C5=CC=CC=C5NC4=O	368.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Uncarine A	188999	Click to see CC1C2CN3CCC4(C3CC2C(=CO1)C(=O)OC)C5=CC=CC=C5NC4=O	368.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Uncarine B	12304286	Click to see CC1C2CN3CCC4(C3CC2C(=CO1)C(=O)OC)C5=CC=CC=C5NC4=O	368.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxepanes
Rotundifolone	442497	Click to see CC(=C1CCC2(C(C1=O)O2)C)C	166.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
(2R,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2S,3R,4R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol	12967793	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O	578.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2R,3S,4S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol	24823045	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.268
Gambiriin C	156680	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O	562.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Procyanidin B1	11250133	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O	578.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Procyanidin B2, (+)-	122738	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.268
Procyanidin B3	146798	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O	578.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
(-)-Catechin	73160	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O	290.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
(+)-Epicatechin	182232	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O	290.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-[(1S,2S)-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)propyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol	101406540	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C(C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)C(CC4=C(C=C(C=C4O)O)O)O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O	580.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R,3S)-8-[(R)-[(2S)-4,6-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol	24823842	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C(C3CC4=C(C=C(C=C4O3)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O	562.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,3S)-8-[(R)-[(2S)-4,6-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol	101438322	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C(C3CC4=C(C=C(C=C4O3)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O	562.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-[1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)propyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol	56961712	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C(C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)C(CC4=C(C=C(C=C4O)O)O)O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O	580.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)chroman-3,5,7-triol	1203	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O	290.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-[[(2S,3R,6S,7R)-3,7-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-dihydroxy-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-2-yl]methyl]benzene-1,3,5-triol	21676381	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC3=C(C(C(O3)CC4=C(C=C(C=C4O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)C(=C21)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O	562.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cianidanol	9064	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O	290.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.268
Epicatechin	72276	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O	290.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
Gambiriin A1	16203170	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C(C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)C(CC4=C(C=C(C=C4O)O)O)O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O	580.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Gambiriin A2	16203168	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C(C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)C(CC4=C(C=C(C=C4O)O)O)O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O	580.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.268
Gambiriin B1	16203169	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC3=C2C(C(O3)CC4=C(C=C(C=C4O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O	562.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Gambiriin B2	16203171	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC3=C2C(C(O3)CC4=C(C=C(C=C4O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O	562.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.55.268
Gambiriin B3	46173996	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC3=C(C(C(O3)CC4=C(C=C(C=C4O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)C(=C21)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O	562.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O)O	302.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Hydroxyflavonoids / 7-hydroxyflavonoids
(2S,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-5,7-diol	44445800	Click to see CC1CC2=C(C=C(C=C2OC1C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O)O	288.29	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Uncaria gambir

Table of Contents

Details Top

Description Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Biological Material Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top