Primula veris, also known as cowslip or cowslip primrose, is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the primrose family. It is native to temperate Europe and western Asia, and can be found in open fields, meadows, and coastal areas. The plant has a rosette of leaves and produces clusters of deep yellow flowers in the spring. It is often confused with other Primula species, such as the common primrose, and can hybridize with them to form false oxlip. The plant has a long history of use in traditional medicine and cuisine, and is still used today in some regions. It also holds significance in Celtic mythology and was sought after by apothecaries in the Middle Ages.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Primula velenovskyi	Fritsch	Excursionsfl. Oesterreich , ed. 3: 393 (1922)
Primula pistillaris	Hoffmanns.	Verz. Pfl.-Kult. , Nachtr. 2: 187 (1828)
Primula officinalis	Hill	Veg. Syst. 8: 25 (1765)
Primula pannonica	A.Kern	Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. 4: 46 (1886)
Primula pyrenaica	Miégev.	Bull. Soc. Bot. France 10: 28 (1863)
Primula coronaria	Salisb.	Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 117 (1796)
Primula brandisii	Wiesb.	Oesterr. Bot. Z. 32: 282 (1882)
Primula lasiopetala	Wallr.	Erst. Beitr. Fl. Hercyn. 2: 333 (1840)
Primula inflata	Lehm.	Monogr. Primul. : 26 (1817)
Primula veris var. officinalis	L.	Sp. Pl. 142 1753

Common names Top

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Language	Common/alternative name
English	cowslip
English	buckles
English	common cowslip
English	cowslip primrose
English	crewel
English	herb peter
English	paigle
English	palsywort
English	peggle
English	plumrocks
Spanish	bellorita
Spanish	primavera
Spanish	primavera común
Spanish	yerba de san pedro
Spanish	hierba de san pedro
Spanish	campanillas
Spanish	aurícula
Spanish	bellorita blanca
Spanish	bellorita de jaraba
Spanish	bellorita de oro
Spanish	chocolateras
Spanish	flor de primavera
Spanish	flor de san josé
Spanish	gayadas
Spanish	gordolobillo
Spanish	hierba de la parálisis
Spanish	hierba de san josé
Spanish	hierba de san pablo
Spanish	hierba de san pedro menor
Spanish	matrimonios
Spanish	pan de pecú
Spanish	pan y quesillo
Spanish	paniqueses
Spanish	paniquesetes
Spanish	peculilla
Spanish	pichilines de san josé
Spanish	platanetes
Spanish	primaveras
Spanish	primicia de amistades
Spanish	primicia del sol
Spanish	primicias del sol
Spanish	prímula
Spanish	vellorita
Spanish	vellorita de oro
Spanish	verbásculo
Spanish	yerba de la parálisis
Spanish	yerba de san pablo
Spanish	yerba de san pablo menor
Spanish	yerba de san pedro menor
Spanish	flores de pan y quesu
Spanish	pan de pecu
Spanish	primaberas
Arabic	زهرة الربيع العطرية
Arabic	زهر الربيع
Arabic	زغدة خزنية
Arabic	عشبة الشلل
Arabic	كعب الثلج
Azerbaijani	bahar novruzgülü
Azerbaijani	dərman novruzgülü
Azerbaijani	bahar novruzçiçəyi
Belarusian	Першацвет веснавы
Bulgarian	лечебна иглика
Catalan	cucut
Catalan	margaridussa
Czech	prvosenka jarní
Czech	petrklíč
Welsh	briallen fair
Welsh	briallen fair sawrus
Welsh	briallu mair
Welsh	dagrau mair
Danish	hulkravet kodriver
German	himmelschlüssel
German	echte schlüsselblume
German	frühlingsschlüsselblume
German	wiesen-primel
German	wiesen-schlüsselblume
Esperanto	printempa primolo
Estonian	nurmenukk
Estonian	harilik nurmenukk
Basque	udaberri-lore usaindun
Persian	پریمولا وریس
Finnish	kevätesikko
French	coucou
French	coqueluchon
French	brérelle
French	herbe à la paralysie
French	herbe de saint paul
French	primerolle
French	primevère de printemps
French	primevere officinale
French	primevère officinale
French	primevère vraie.
French	printanière
French	primevère vraie
Irish	bainne bó bleachtáin
Croatian	proljetni jaglac
Upper Sorbian	wonjaty kropačk
Hungarian	tavaszi kankalin
Armenian	Գնարբուկ գարնանային
io	primulo
Icelandic	sifjarlykill
Italian	primavera
Japanese	キバナノクリンザクラ
Korean	황화구륜초
Cornish	briallen an gog
Cornish	brialli an gog
lld	tles de s.pire
Lithuanian	pavasarinė raktažolė
Latvian	gaiļbiksīte
Norwegian Bokmål	marianøkleblom
Dutch	echte sleutelbloem
Dutch	gewoone sleutelbloem
Dutch	gulden sleutelbloem
Norwegian Nynorsk	marianøkleblom
Norwegian Nynorsk	marinøkleblom
oc	cocut
oc	primavèra oficinala
os	Фыркъæдæн
Polish	pierwiosnek lekarski
Polish	pierwiosnka lekarska
Romanian	ciuboțica-cucului
Russian	Баранчики
Russian	Первоцвет весенний
Russian	Первоцвет лекарственный
Russian	Первоцвет настоя́щий
Russian	При́мула весенняя
Samogitian	Švėnta petra raktā
Slovak	prvosienka jarná
Slovenian	pomladanski jeglič
Slovenian	šmigovec
Swedish	gullviva
Swedish	yxlägg
Ukrainian	Первоцвіт весняний
Walloon	bråye-di-tchet
Chinese	黄花九轮樱
Chinese	黄花九轮草

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Primula veris subsp. canescens	(Opiz) Hayek ex Ludi	Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1752. 1927 (1927)
Primula veris subsp. macrocalyx	(Bunge) Lüdi	Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1753. 1927

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment.

Requires Light or Surface Sowing: These seeds need light to germinate and should not be covered with soil or only very lightly. They are often very small and sown directly on the surface of the growing medium.

Germination Improved by GA3: Gibberellic Acid(GA3) is a plant growth hormone that can break dormancy and improve germination rates for seeds that are otherwise difficult to sprout.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- China
  - Xinjiang
- Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan
  - Kirgizstan
- Russian Far East
  - Khabarovsk
  - Primorye
- Siberia
  - Altay
  - Buryatiya
  - Irkutsk
  - Krasnoyarsk
  - Tuva
  - West Siberia
- Western Asia
  - Iran
  - Turkey

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Belarus
  - Central European Russia
  - East European Russia
  - Krym
  - North European Russia
  - Northwest European Russia
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Finland
  - Great Britain
  - Ireland
  - Norway
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Romania
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - France
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - New Brunswick
  - Newfoundland
  - Nova Scotia
  - Ontario
  - Québec
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut
  - Maine
  - Massachusetts
  - Michigan
  - New York
  - Vermont
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Maryland
- Western Canada
  - British Columbia

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000482741
UNII	W6LFQ57E4M
Canadensys	8378
USDA Plants	PRVE2
Tropicos	26400040
INPN	115918
Flora of Italy	3747
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:702751-1
The Plant List	kew-2563733
Plantarium	30374
Missouri Botanical Garden	285538
PFAF	Primula veris
PaleoBotany	4115
Open Tree Of Life	596319
Observations.org	2697
NCBI Taxonomy	170927
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000003926
Nature Serve	2.155094
IPNI	702751-1
iNaturalist	55819
GBIF	5414325
Freebase	/m/03xmn0
EPPO	PRIVE
EOL	584034
Elurikkus	6576
USDA GRIN	400303
Wikipedia	Primula_veris
CMAUP	NPO29219

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_963682055.1	ddPriVeri1.1	Chromosome	WELLCOME SANGER INSTITUTE	2023-12-06	38.0x	415.96 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Potential Regulatory Networks and Heterosis for Flavonoid and Terpenoid Contents in Pak Choi: Metabolomic and Transcriptome Analyses

Wang H, Han T, Bai A, Xu H, Wang J, Hou X, Li Y

Int J Mol Sci

22-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11011442
doi:	10.3390/ijms25073587
PMID:	38612398

Genomic analyses elucidate S‐locus evolution in response to intra‐specific losses of distyly in Primula vulgaris

Mora‐Carrera E, Stubbs RL, Potente G, Yousefi N, Keller B, de Vos JM, Szövényi P, Conti E

Ecol Evol

21-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10955462
doi:	10.1002/ece3.10940
PMID:	38516570

Saving the local tradition: ethnobotanical survey on the use of plants in Bologna district (Italy)

Chiocchio I, Marincich L, Mandrone M, Trincia S, Tarozzi C, Poli F

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

12-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10936038
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00664-1
PMID:	38475780

Proportion of Over-The-Counter Medicines Containing a Plant Component and Those with Synthetic Substances Administered among Children in a Bulgarian Population

Hadzhieva B, Petkova-Dimitrova V

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

31-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10892009
doi:	10.3390/ph17020192
PMID:	38399407

Editorial: Molecular ecology of plant sexual reproduction

Duan YW, Ren MX, Gong YB, Tian B, Caujapé-Castells J

Front Plant Sci

24-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10847526
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2024.1362777
PMID:	38328706

Ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal research into medicinal plants in the Mt Stara Planina region (south-eastern Serbia, Western Balkans)

Jarić S, Kostić O, Miletić Z, Marković M, Sekulić D, Mitrović M, Pavlović P

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

10-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10782642
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00647-2
PMID:	38200599

PfPIN5 promotes style elongation by regulating cell length in Primula forbesii Franch

Liu Y, Si W, Fu S, Wang J, Cheng T, Zhang Q, Pan H

Ann Bot

08-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC11006536
doi:	10.1093/aob/mcae004
PMID:	38190350

Polymethoxylated flavonoids in citrus fruits: absorption, metabolism, and anticancer mechanisms against breast cancer

Wang Y, Mou Y, Lu S, Xia Y, Cheng B

PeerJ

03-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10771093
doi:	10.7717/peerj.16711
PMID:	38188169

Pesticides vs. Biopesticides: From Pest Management to Toxicity and Impacts on the Environment and Human Health

Daraban GM, Hlihor RM, Suteu D

Toxics

04-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10748064
doi:	10.3390/toxics11120983
PMID:	38133384

Latitudinal trends in mating system traits in the highly self‐fertilizing Lobelia inflata revealed by community science

Coffey ML, Simons AM

Ecol Evol

27-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10682567
doi:	10.1002/ece3.10746
PMID:	38034331

Bioassay-Guided Assessment of Antioxidative, Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activities of Extracts from Medicinal Plants via High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography

Jović MD, Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Ristivojević PM, Trifković JĐ, Morton DW

Molecules

30-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10647317
doi:	10.3390/molecules28217346
PMID:	37959765

Proposed mechanisms of action of herbal drugs and their biologically active constituents in the treatment of coughs: an overview

Pourova J, Dias P, Pour M, Bittner Fialová S, Czigle S, Nagy M, Tóth J, Balázs VL, Horváth A, Csikós E, Farkas Á, Horváth G, Mladěnka P

PeerJ

24-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10607228
doi:	10.7717/peerj.16096
PMID:	37901462

Total Content of Saponins, Phenols and Flavonoids and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of In Vitro Culture of Allochrusa gypsophiloides (Regel) Schischk Compared to Wild Plants

Mursaliyeva VK, Sarsenbek BT, Dzhakibaeva GT, Mukhanov TM, Mammadov R

Plants (Basel)

10-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10609880
doi:	10.3390/plants12203521
PMID:	37895985

The most polyphagous insect herbivore? Host plant associations of the Meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (L.)

Thompson V, Harkin C, Stewart AJ

PLoS One

04-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10602594
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0291734
PMID:	37792900

Mass Spectrometric Fingerprint Mapping Reveals Species-Specific Differences in Plant Polyphenols and Related Bioactivities

Vanhakylä S, Salminen JP

Molecules

31-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10490256
doi:	10.3390/molecules28176388
PMID:	37687216

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters
2-[(1S,2R,4R,4aR,6R,8R,8aS)-4-acetyloxy-8-benzoyloxy-1-(cyanomethyl)-6-ethenyl-4a-hydroxy-1,6-dimethyl-5-oxo-2,3,4,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-2-yl]-2-methylpropanoic acid	15548729	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC(C(C2C1(C(=O)C(CC2OC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)(C)C=C)O)(C)CC#N)C(C)(C)C(=O)O	525.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / P-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Methyl 4-methoxysalicylate	79523	Click to see COC1=CC(=C(C=C1)C(=O)OC)O	182.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.18771850212
> Benzenoids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives / Hydrophenanthrenes
[(2S,3S,4R,4aS,4bS,5R,6S,7S,8aS,10R,10aR)-6,7-diacetyloxy-5-benzoyloxy-3-ethenyl-2,10,10a-trihydroxy-2,4b,8,8-tetramethyl-1-oxo-4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-octahydro-3H-phenanthren-4-yl] benzoate	11802781	Click to see CC(=O)OC1C(C(C2CC(C3(C(C2(C1OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)C)C(C(C(C3=O)(C)O)C=C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)O)O)(C)C)OC(=O)C	692.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2S,3S,4R,4aS,4bS,5R,6S,7S,8aS,10R,10aR)-7,10-diacetyloxy-5-benzoyloxy-3-ethenyl-2,6,10a-trihydroxy-2,4b,8,8-tetramethyl-1-oxo-4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-octahydro-3H-phenanthren-4-yl] benzoate	10032594	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(C(C3OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)C=C)(C)O)O)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)O)OC(=O)C)(C)C	692.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Neoorthosiphol A	10055454	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(C(C3OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)C=C)(C)O)O)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)OC(=O)C)O)(C)C	692.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
staminol C	11490943	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(C(C3OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)C=C)(C)O)O)C)OC(=O)C)O)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)(C)C	692.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Staminol D	11455867	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(=O)C(=CC2(C3C1(C(=O)C(C(C3OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)C=C)(C)O)O)C)OC(=O)C)(C)C	568.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
(13R)-1alpha-(Benzoyloxy)-2alpha-acetoxy-3alpha,7alpha,8-trihydroxypimara-15-ene-11,14-dione	101228589	Click to see CC(=O)OC1C(C(C2CC(C3(C(C2(C1OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)C)C(=O)CC(C3=O)(C)C=C)O)O)(C)C)O	528.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
(13R)-1alpha-(Benzoyloxy)-2alpha,8-dihydroxy-3alpha,7alpha-diacetoxypimara-15-ene-11,14-dione	101228590	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3=O)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)O)OC(=O)C)(C)C	570.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,3S,4R,4aS,8aR)-3,4a,8,8-tetramethyl-4-[(2E)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienyl]-2,4,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-2,3-diol	162949319	Click to see CC(=CCC1C2(CCCC(C2CC(C1(C)O)O)(C)C)C)C=C	306.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099459
[(2R,4R,4aS,4bS,5R,6S,7S,8aS,10R,10aR)-6,7,10-triacetyloxy-5-benzoyloxy-2-ethenyl-10a-hydroxy-2,4b,8,8-tetramethyl-1-oxo-4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-octahydro-3H-phenanthren-4-yl] benzoate	9987409	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)(C)C	718.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2R,4R,4aS,4bS,5R,6S,7S,8aS,10R,10aR)-7-acetyloxy-5-benzoyloxy-2-ethenyl-6,10,10a-trihydroxy-2,4b,8,8-tetramethyl-1-oxo-4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-octahydro-3H-phenanthren-4-yl] benzoate	10919284	Click to see CC(=O)OC1C(C(C2(C(C1(C)C)CC(C3(C2C(CC(C3=O)(C)C=C)OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)O)O)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)O	634.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2S,3S,4R,4aS,4bR,7R,8aR,9R,10aS)-9-acetyloxy-4-benzoyloxy-7-ethenyl-3,8a-dihydroxy-1,1,4a,7-tetramethyl-5,8-dioxo-2,3,4,4b,6,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthren-2-yl] benzoate	10258500	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3=O)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)O)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)(C)C	632.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
orthosiphol A	15385858	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)OC(=O)C)O)(C)C	676.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
orthosiphol B	15385859	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)O)OC(=O)C)(C)C	676.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
orthosiphol D	44583689	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(=O)C(=CC2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C)(C)C	552.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol F	10327179	Click to see CC(=O)OC1C(C(C2CC(C3(C(C2(C1OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)C)C(CC(C3=O)(C)C=C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)O)O)(C)C)OC(=O)C	676.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol G	10076785	Click to see CC(=O)OC1C(C(C2CC(C3(C(C2(C1OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)C)C(CC(C3=O)(C)C=C)O)O)O)(C)C)OC(=O)C	572.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol J	10438744	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3=O)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)(C)C	612.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol K	10054824	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)O)O)(C)C	634.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol L	10101176	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(C(C3OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)O)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)OC(=O)C)O)(C)C	692.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol M	10030927	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3=O)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)OC(=O)C)O)(C)C	570.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol N	10258499	Click to see CC(=O)OC1C(C(C2CC(C3(C(C2(C1OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)C)C(=O)CC(C3=O)(C)C=C)O)O)(C)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5	632.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol O	10032464	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3O)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)(C)C	676.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol R	44583688	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(C(C3OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)O)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)O)OC(=O)C)(C)C	692.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol T	11082749	Click to see CC(=O)OC1C(C(C2CC(C3(C(C2(C1OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)C)C(CC(C3=O)(C)C=C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)O)O)(C)C)O	634.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol U	637182	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3O)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)(C)C	614.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol V	10951947	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3O)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)O)OC(=O)C)(C)C	572.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol W	11071897	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3O)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)OC(=O)C)O)(C)C	572.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol X	10054823	Click to see CC(=O)OC1C(C(C2CC(C3(C(C2(C1OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)C)C(CC(C3=O)(C)C=C)O)O)O)(C)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5	634.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol Y	11144807	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(=O)C(=CC2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3O)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C)(C)C	448.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol Z	11090752	Click to see CC(=O)OC1=CC2(C(CC(C3(C2C(=O)CC(C3=O)(C)C=C)O)O)C(C1=O)(C)C)C	404.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
orthosiphonone A	10439492	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3=O)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)(C)C	674.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphonone B	10055285	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(=O)C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)OC(=O)C)(C)C	674.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphonone C	11226314	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3=O)(C)C=C)O)C)O)OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)O)(C)C	528.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Siphonol A	10952715	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)(C)C=C)O)CO)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)(C)C	734.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,11R,12S,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-4,4,6a,6b,11,12,14b-heptamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl]oxy]-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	101675599	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)COC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	1427.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	101675600	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC(CC4C6=CCC7C8(CCC(C(C8CCC7(C6(CC5)C)C)(C)C)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C(=O)O)O)O)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)C)(C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O	1427.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3R,4S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,11R,12S,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-3-hydroxy-4,6a,6b,11,12,14b-hexamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4-carboxylic acid	101618891	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C(=O)O)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)COC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	957.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3R,4S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-3-hydroxy-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4-carboxylic acid	101675598	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC(CC4C6=CCC7C8(CCC(C(C8CCC7(C6(CC5)C)C)(C)C(=O)O)O)C)(C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O	957.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1R,3aS,5aR,5bR,7aR,9R,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-9-hydroxy-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylate	101606373	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC(C4C6CCC7C8(CCC(C(C8CCC7(C6(CC5)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C(=C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O	927.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10S,12aR,14bS)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate	101675597	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)CO)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)COC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	1075.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9S,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate	101675278	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)COC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	959.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10S,12aR,14bS)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	21630094	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC(CC4C6=CCC7C8(CCC(C(C8CCC7(C6(CC5)C)C)(C)CO)OC9C(C(C(CO9)O)O)O)C)(C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O	1075.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9S,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	101675601	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC(CC4C6=CCC7C(C6(CC5)C)(CCC8C7(CC(C(C8(C)CO)O)O)C)C)(C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O	959.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
3alpha,11alpha-Dihydroxylup-20(29)-ene-23,28-dioic acid 28-[6-O-[4-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] ester	101606374	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC(C4C6CC(C7C8(CCC(C(C8CCC7(C6(CC5)C)C)(C)C(=O)O)O)C)O)C(=C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O	973.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
4-Hydroxy-6-[[8-hydroxy-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	437143	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3CCC4(C(C3(C)C)CCC5(C4CC=C6C5(CC(C7(C6CC(CC7)(C)C)CO)O)C)C)C)C(=O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)COC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	1105.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19242620407 https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.19360690651
6-[(22-Acetyloxy-2-hydroxy-4,5,9,9,13,20,20-heptamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosan-10-yl)oxy]-4-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	74124617	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3C(C(OC(C3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC5CCC6(C(C5(C)C)CCC7(C6CCC89C7(CC(C1(C8CC(CC1OC(=O)C)(C)C)CO9)O)C)C)C)C(=O)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O	1163.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50087A019
Acankoreoside A	10795959	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC(C4C6CCC7C8(CCC(C(C8CCC7(C6(CC5)C)C)(C)C(=O)O)O)C)C(=C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O	957.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
Asiaticoside	11954171	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)COC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	959.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
Primulasaponin 1	74105533	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3C(C(OC(C3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC5CCC6(C(C5(C)C)CCC7(C6CCC89C7(CC(C1(C8CC(CC1)(C)C)CO9)O)C)C)C)C(=O)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O	1105.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957425
Primulic acid 2	74095087	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3C(C(OC(C3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)OC5C(C(C(CO5)O)O)O)O)O)OC6CCC7(C(C6(C)C)CCC8(C7CCC91C8(CC(C2(C9CC(CC2)(C)C)CO1)O)C)C)C)C(=O)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O	1237.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957425
Scheffoleoside A	101675595	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC(CC4C6=CCC7C(C6(CC5)C)(CCC8C7(CC(C(C8(C)CO)O)O)C)C)(C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O	959.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
Scheffursoside B	101675277	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C=O)O)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)COC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	957.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
Schoffoleoside B	101675596	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC(CC4C6=CCC7C(C6(CC5)C)(CCC8C7(CC(C(C8(C)C=O)O)O)C)C)(C)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O	957.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(1R,3aS,5aR,5bR,7aR,9R,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-9-sulfooxy-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid	21582889	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)O)C)C(=O)O	536.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aS,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid	51531959	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O	488.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,2R,4S,5R,8R,10S,13S,14R,17S,18R)-4,5,9,9,13,20,20-heptamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosane-2,10-diol	159331921	Click to see CC1(CCC23COC4(C2C1)CCC5C6(CCC(C(C6CCC5(C4(CC3O)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C	458.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.19666960118
3Alpha-Hydroxylup-20(29)-Ene-23,28-Dioic Acid	14466871	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C(=O)O)O)C)C(=O)O	486.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
3alpha,11alpha-Dihydroxylup-20(29)-ene-23,28-dioic acid	14866192	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CC(C4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C(=O)O)O)C)O)C(=O)O	502.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Betulinic Acid Sulfate	11756976	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)O)C)C(=O)O	536.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
Epibetulinic acid	485711	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C(=O)O	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Oleanonic acid	12313704	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(=O)C5(C)C)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	454.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Primulagenin A	10004345	Click to see CC1(CCC2(C(C1)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2O)C)C)(C)C)O)C)CO)C	458.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.19646740118
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Oxosteroids
Siphonol E	10963687	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)(C)C=O)O)CO)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)(C)C	736.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Oxosteroids / 16-oxosteroids
14-deoxo-14-O-acetylorthosiphol Y	21578028	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(=O)C(=CC2(C3C1(C(C(CC3O)(C)C=C)OC(=O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)(C)C	492.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Pentacarboxylic acids and derivatives
Staminol A	10628761	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(C(C3OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)C=C)(C)O)O)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)(C)C	734.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tetracarboxylic acids and derivatives
Secoorthosiphol B	15548728	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC(C(C2C1(C(=O)C(CC2OC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)(C)C=C)O)(C)CC(=O)O)C(C)(C)C(=O)OC	558.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Secondary alcohols / Cyclohexanols
Inositol	892	Click to see C1(C(C(C(C(C1O)O)O)O)O)O	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)82563-X
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol	96361162	Click to see C(C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O)O)O	210.18	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)82563-X
6-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol	245622	Click to see C(C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O)O)O	210.18	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)82563-X
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Heptoses
1,2,4,5,6,7-Hexahydroxyheptan-3-one	5316068	Click to see C(C(C(C(C(=O)C(CO)O)O)O)O)O	210.18	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)82563-X
D-Altro-3-heptulose	192877	Click to see C(C(C(C(C(=O)C(CO)O)O)O)O)O	210.18	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)82563-X
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Hexoses
6-Deoxy-Hexose	840	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O	164.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099459
alpha-D-GALACTOSE	439357	Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O)O	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099459
alpha-L-Rhamnose	439710	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O	164.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099459
Grape sugar	79025	Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O)O	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099459
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Nonoses
(3R,4S,5R,6S,7R,8R)-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9-octahydroxynonan-2-one	162935377	Click to see C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(=O)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	270.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)82563-X
(3R,4S,5S,6S,7R,8R)-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9-octahydroxynonan-2-one	162935376	Click to see C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(=O)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	270.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)82563-X
1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9-Octahydroxynonan-2-one	22184256	Click to see C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(=O)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	270.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)82563-X
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Octoses
(3R,4S,5S,6S,7S)-1,3,4,5,6,7,8-heptahydroxyoctan-2-one	162852942	Click to see C(C(C(C(C(C(C(=O)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	240.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)82563-X
1,3,4,5,6,7,8-Heptahydroxyoctan-2-one	13940155	Click to see C(C(C(C(C(C(C(=O)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	240.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)82563-X
d-Glycero-d-manno-octulose	102060354	Click to see C(C(C(C(C(C(C(=O)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	240.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)82563-X
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Pentoses
Alpha-d-xylopyranose	6027	Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O	150.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099459
beta-L-Arabinopyranose	439764	Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O	150.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099459
Pentose	229	Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O	150.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099459
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides
Rha(a1-4)Glc(b1-6)b-Glc	91857681	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)O)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O	488.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar acids and derivatives / Glucuronic acid derivatives
alpha-D-GALACTURONIC ACID	445929	Click to see C1(C(C(OC(C1O)O)C(=O)O)O)O	194.14	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099459
alpha-D-glucopyranuronic acid	444791	Click to see C1(C(C(OC(C1O)O)C(=O)O)O)O	194.14	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099459
Hexuronic Acid	610	Click to see C1(C(C(OC(C1O)O)C(=O)O)O)O	194.14	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099459
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar alcohols
Peracitol	101748	Click to see C(C(C(C(C(C(CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	212.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)82563-X
Volemitol	441439	Click to see C(C(C(C(C(C(CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	212.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)82563-X
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / 2,2-dimethyl-1-benzopyrans
(1R)-1-(7,8-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethylchromen-6-yl)ethanol	100945948	Click to see CC(C1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)C=CC(O2)(C)C)OC)OC)O	264.32	unknown	via CMAUP database
1-(8-Methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl)ethan-1-one	10466473	Click to see CC(=O)C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC)OC(C=C2)(C)C	232.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
Methylripariochromene A	177148	Click to see CC(=O)C1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)C=CC(O2)(C)C)OC)OC	262.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
(S)-rosmarinic acid	639655	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1CC(C(=O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O	360.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
3,4-Dihydroxycinnamoyl-(Z)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenol	14353342	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)OC=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O	314.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
Caftaric acid	6440397	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)OC(C(C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O)O)O	312.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
p-Hydroxyphenethyl trans-ferulate	637308	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=CC(=O)OCCC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O	314.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
2'-Hydroxyflavone	161860	Click to see C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3O2)O	238.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.03.024
Flavone	10680	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3O2	222.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.03.024
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	154497327	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)COC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	626.50	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1205266/
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 2-O-methylated flavonoids
2'-Methoxyflavone	146492	Click to see COC1=CC=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3O2	252.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.03.024
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids
2',5'-Dimethoxyflavone	4231835	Click to see COC1=CC(=C(C=C1)OC)C2=CC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3O2	282.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.03.024
3'-Methoxy-4',5'-methylenedioxyflavone	86059964	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC2=C1OCO2)C3=CC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4O3	296.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.03.024
3'-Methoxyflavone	619834	Click to see COC1=CC=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3O2	252.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.03.024
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 4-O-methylated flavonoids
2-(3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	25189612	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)O)C2=CC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3O2	298.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.03.024
2-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one	332208	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)C2=CC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3O2	312.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.03.024 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960826
3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone	688674	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3O2)OC	282.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.03.024
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 6-O-methylated flavonoids
Zapotin	629965	Click to see COC1=C(C(=CC=C1)OC)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=CC(=C3OC)OC	342.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.03.024
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
5-Hydroxy-3',4',6,7-tetramethoxyflavone	152430	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)OC)O)OC	358.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
5,8-Dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone	153441	Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C=C(O2)C3=CC=CC=C3)O)OC	314.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)82563-X
Eupatorin	97214	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)OC)O)O	344.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ladanein	3084066	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)O)O	314.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
Tetramethylscutellarein	96118	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)OC)OC	342.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 8-O-methylated flavonoids
4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6,7,8-trimethoxy-	44584772	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3O2)OC)OC)OC)OC	372.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 7-O-methylated isoflavonoids / 7-O-methylisoflavones
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7,8-dimethoxy-4H-chromen-4-one	638205	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=COC3=C(C2=O)C=CC(=C3OC)OC)OC	342.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)82563-X

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Primula veris

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