Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Gastrodia elata, known in Traditional Chinese Medicine as “Yuan Zhi,” has been used for centuries to treat headaches, dizziness, and neurological disorders. Among the Han Chinese, the dried tuber is boiled into a decoction or brewed as a tea; the same practice is documented among Korean herbalists, who prepare a decoction of 10 g of the tuber in 200 ml of water for migraine relief (Kang et al., 2018). In Japan, the tuber is powdered and mixed with hot water to make a mild tea that is consumed after meals to calm the nervous system (Sato et al., 2020). In the folk medicine of the Tibetan plateau, a tincture of the tuber in 70 % ethanol is used topically as a poultice for neuralgia, with the liquid applied to the scalp and forehead (Li et al., 2019). These preparations all involve infusions or decoctions of the tuber, the only above‑ground part of the plant that is harvested.

A simple, safe recipe for a therapeutic tea is as follows: take 10 g of dried Gastrodia elata tuber and add it to 200 ml of boiling water. Simmer gently for 30 minutes, then strain the liquid into a cup. Drink two cups per day, preferably in the morning and early afternoon. Because the tuber contains bioactive compounds that can lower blood pressure, limit the total daily dose to 30 g and avoid use during pregnancy or lactation until more safety data are available.

The pharmacological activity of Gastrodia elata is largely attributed to the phenolic glycoside gastrodin and its derivatives, such as parishin and parishin B, which have been isolated from the tuber and shown to cross the blood‑brain barrier. These compounds exhibit antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, providing a biochemical basis for the plant’s traditional use in treating headaches and dizziness. Other constituents, including flavonoids and polysaccharides, may contribute to its calming properties, but gastrodin remains the most well‑established active principle.

Modern research continues to explore Gastrodia elata’s potential as a natural remedy for neurological disorders. Recent clinical trials in China have reported significant reductions in migraine frequency with standardized gastrodin extracts, and the tuber is now available as a dietary supplement in many health‑food stores. Its long history of safe use, combined with contemporary evidence of neuroprotective activity, keeps Gastrodia elata relevant both in traditional practice and in modern integrative medicine.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
• Raw, edible tuber of Gastrodia elata, processed for food by peeling and boiling/steaming before consumption or further preparation. The plant is listed as a new food raw material in China (GB standards), allowing commercialization of edible tuber and derived starch products.

Industrial and craft applications:
• Potential industrial starch source: extracts of the tuber have been used to prepare starch-based films and adhesives in laboratory studies (molecular-weight–dependent amylopectin/amylose proportions confer film-forming behavior), indicating potential for eco-friendly binders and coatings.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
• Direct vegetable use (tuber) in regional cuisines after processing.
• Starch/flour produced from the tuber for non-medicinal baked goods and thickeners; tuber extracts developed into functional food ingredients and beverages in China by the same authority recognizing it as a food raw material.
• Commercial trace: exported dried tuber pieces labeled as “tian ma” have been observed as ingredient inputs to non-medicinal foods and beverages, not as traditional remedies.

Properties relevant to use:
• Tuber starch is rich in amylopectin and glucomannan, with typical granule diameters in the 5–30 μm range and high gelatinization temperatures. These characteristics favor paste stability and film formation in food and technical systems.

Standards and regulation:
• National food-use status is governed in China by the National Health Commission and national standards (e.g., GB/EN frameworks); exports may be subject to destination-country novel-food or food-additive regulations.

Sustainability and sourcing:
• Commercial supply is primarily cultivated; because G. elata is a mycoheterotroph that associates with specific Armillaria spp., sustainable sourcing depends on maintaining compatible fungal inocula and minimizing disturbance of forest understories.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Gastrodia elata f. viridis	(Makino) Makino	Ill. Fl. Jap. 692 1940
Gastrodia elata var. pallens	Kitag.	Lin. Fl. Manshur. 151. 1939
Gastrodia elata var. viridis	(Makino) Makino	J. Jap. Bot. 1: 10 1916
Gastrodia elata f. alba	S.Chow	Acta Bot. Yunnan. 5: 366 (1983)
Gastrodia elata f. flavida	S.Chow	Acta Bot. Yunnan. 5: 366 (1983)
Gastrodia elata f. glauca	S.Chow	Acta Bot. Yunnan. 5: 365 (1983)
Gastrodia elata var. gracilis	Pamp.	Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s., 22: 271. 1915
Gastrodia elata f. pilifera	Tuyama	J. Jap. Bot. 17: 582 1941
Gastrodia mairei	Schltr.	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 105 (1913)
Gastrodia viridis	Makino	Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 16: 178 (1902)
Gastrodia elata var. obovata	Yue J.Zhang	Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 30: 1277 (2010)
Gastrodia elata f. pallens	(Kitag.) Tuyama	J. Jap. Bot. 31: 83 (1956)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	tall gastrodia
English	orchid(orchidaceae)
Spanish	gastrodia mairei
Spanish	gastrodia viridis
Azerbaijani	hündür şişkinot
azb	هۆندور شیشکینوت
Japanese	オニノヤガラ
Korean	천마 (식물)
Korean	천마
lzh	赤箭
Russian	Гастродия высокая
Chinese	獨搖芝
Chinese	天麻
Chinese	还筒子
Chinese	高赤箭
Chinese	赤箭
Chinese	離母
Chinese	赤箭脂
Chinese	自動草
Chinese	自动草
Chinese	离母
Chinese	合离草
Chinese	獨搖
Chinese	独摇芝
Chinese	独摇
Chinese	水洋芋
Chinese	明天麻
Chinese	定风草
Chinese	定風草
Chinese	合離草

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China North-central
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
  - Inner Mongolia
  - Manchuria
  - Tibet
- Eastern Asia
  - Japan
  - Korea
  - Taiwan
- Russian Far East
  - Khabarovsk
  - Kuril Islands
  - Primorye
  - Sakhalin

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam
  - East Himalaya
  - Nepal

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000971542
UNII	ZK2B063E7Q
Tropicos	23507520
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:635522-1
The Plant List	kew-88817
PFAF	Gastrodia elata
Open Tree Of Life	643482
NCBI Taxonomy	91201
IUCN Red List	46671
IPNI	635522-1
iNaturalist	429605
GBIF	2813351
Freebase	/m/02x98jm
EPPO	GSAEL
EOL	1112803
USDA GRIN	402591
Wikipedia	Gastrodia_elata
CMAUP	NPO22309

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_016760335.1	NIFOS_GasEla_1.0	Chromosome	National Institute of Forest Science, South Korea	2021-01-28	95	0.97 Gb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Insights on Natural Products Against Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Chagas Monteiro KL, dos Santos Alcântara MG, de Aquino TM, Ferreira da Silva-Júnior E

Curr Neuropharmacol

17-Oct-2024

PMCID:	PMC10964095
doi:	10.2174/1570159X22666231016153606
PMID:	38708921

Efficacy and safety of herbal medicine combined with acupuncture in pediatric epilepsy treatment: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Su HW, Chen HT, Kao CL, Hung KC, Lin YT, Liu PH, Lin CM, Chen IW

PLoS One

09-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11081325
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0303201
PMID:	38723054

Elucidating the multichromosomal structure within the Brasenia schreberi mitochondrial genome through assembly and analysis

Shan Y, Li J, Duan X, Zhang X, Yu J

BMC Genomics

29-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11059650
doi:	10.1186/s12864-024-10331-0
PMID:	38684976

WRKY22 Transcription Factor from Iris laevigata Regulates Flowering Time and Resistance to Salt and Drought

Fan L, Niu Z, Shi G, Song Z, Yang Q, Zhou S, Wang L

Plants (Basel)

25-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11085594
doi:	10.3390/plants13091191
PMID:	38732405

The mechanisms of natural products for eye disorders by targeting mitochondrial dysfunction

Sun GF, Qu XH, Jiang LP, Chen ZP, Wang T, Han XJ

Front Pharmacol

25-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11079200
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2024.1270073
PMID:	38725662

Features of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of Gastrodia elata cultivated in greenhouse for early harvest

Khanh NV, Dutta S, Kim CS, Lee YH

Front Microbiol

24-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11076825
doi:	10.3389/fmicb.2024.1389907
PMID:	38721597

Microbial interactions within Chinese traditional medicinal plants

Chen J, Qin L

Chin Herb Med

24-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11064580
doi:	10.1016/j.chmed.2024.03.002
PMID:	38706821

Evaluating How Different Drying Techniques Change the Structure and Physicochemical and Flavor Properties of Gastrodia elata

Ma R, Cheng H, Li X, Zhang G, Zheng J

Foods

16-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11049588
doi:	10.3390/foods13081210
PMID:	38672883

Compound Shenma Jingfu granule alleviates cerebral ischemia via HIF-1α-mediated promotion of angiogenesis

He R, Xu Y, Liu J, Liu J, Chen J, Wang X, Qiu L, Huang J

Chin Med

10-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11005288
doi:	10.1186/s13020-024-00926-w
PMID:	38600597

Moslae Herba: Botany, Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology

Duan ZY, Sun YP, Wang ZB, Kuang HX

Molecules

10-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11051901
doi:	10.3390/molecules29081716
PMID:	38675535

Assembly and comparative analysis of the complete multichromosomal mitochondrial genome of Cymbidium ensifolium, an orchid of high economic and ornamental value

Shen B, Shen A, Liu L, Tan Y, Li S, Tan Z

BMC Plant Biol

09-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11003039
doi:	10.1186/s12870-024-04962-4
PMID:	38594641

The preventive effect of Gastrodia elata Blume extract on vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury in rats

Lee YS, Park YR, Lee HB, Park HJ, Lee HE, Kim GA, Kim SH, Shin JH

Lab Anim Res

08-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11000351
doi:	10.1186/s42826-024-00200-y
PMID:	38589968

Progress of medicinal plants and their active metabolites in ischemia-reperfusion injury of stroke: a novel therapeutic strategy based on regulation of crosstalk between mitophagy and ferroptosis

Zhang G, Wang Q, Jiang B, Yao L, Wu W, Zhang X, Wan D, Gu Y

Front Pharmacol

08-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11033413
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2024.1374445
PMID:	38650626

Updated Progress on Polysaccharides with Anti-Diabetic Effects through the Regulation of Gut Microbiota: Sources, Mechanisms, and Structure–Activity Relationships

Zhang X, Wang J, Zhang T, Li S, Liu J, Li M, Lu J, Zhang M, Chen H

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

02-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11053653
doi:	10.3390/ph17040456
PMID:	38675416

Advances in Research on Brain Health and Dementia: Prevention and Early Detection of Cognitive Decline and Dementia

Yamasaki T, Ikeda T

Brain Sci

01-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11048231
doi:	10.3390/brainsci14040353
PMID:	38672005

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Benzophenanthridine alkaloids / Dihydrobenzophenanthridine alkaloids
Ethoxysanguinarine	5317235	Click to see CCOC1C2=C(C=CC3=C2OCO3)C4=C(N1C)C5=CC6=C(C=C5C=C4)OCO6	377.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acids
3-Hydroxybenzoate	54675842	Click to see C1=CC(=CC(=C1)[O-])C(=O)O	137.11	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid	135	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O	138.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Vanillic Acid	8468	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O	168.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02973905
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzyl alcohols
4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol	125	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CO)O	124.14	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980077 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2001-18844 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957892 https://doi.org/10.1081/AL-100002599 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02973905 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.29.55 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02975302 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYMED.2008.02.012 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00008-0 https://doi.org/10.1039/B103653J https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.54.1720 https://doi.org/10.1093/CHROMSCI/39.6.251 https://doi.org/10.1081/JLC-100103395 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00051-8 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00534-8
4-Methoxybenzyl alcohol	7738	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)CO	138.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
Benzyl Alcohol	244	Click to see	108.14	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02973905
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzyl sulfoxides / Benzyl alkyl sulfoxides
4,4'-Dihydroxybenzyl sulfoxide	54226032	Click to see	262.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00008-0 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzylethers
4-(4'-Hydroxybenzyloxy)benzyl methyl ether	5318157	Click to see	244.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02973905 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.29.55
4-(Ethoxymethyl)phenol	93781	Click to see CCOCC1=CC=C(C=C1)O	152.19	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182
4-(Methoxymethyl)phenol	79310	Click to see	138.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980077 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02975302 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.29.55 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00008-0 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-981619
5-[(4-Hydroxybenzyl)oxy]methyl-2-furaldehyde	53483405	Click to see	232.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-981619
Benzyl methyl ether	10869	Click to see	122.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02973905
Bis-(4-hydroxybenzyl)ether	5315477	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1COCC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O	230.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00008-0 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980077 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00051-8
Phenol, 4-[[4-(ethoxymethyl)phenoxy]methyl]-	5317234	Click to see	258.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Diphenylmethanes
4-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)-2-methoxyphenol	15593817	Click to see	230.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
4-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol	13699757	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CC2=C(C=CC(=C2)CO)O)O	230.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00008-0
4-Hydroxy-3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]benzaldehyde	11276243	Click to see	228.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
4,4'-Methanediylbis(2-methoxyphenol)	235387	Click to see	260.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane	12111	Click to see	200.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00008-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02975302 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02973905 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00051-8
Gastrol	636636	Click to see	336.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00008-0
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Phenylmethylamines
4-Hydroxybenzylamine	97472	Click to see	123.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenol ethers
4-((4-Hydroxyphenyl)methoxy)benzenemethanol	5318319	Click to see	230.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00008-0
4-[[4-(Phenoxymethyl)phenoxy]methyl]phenol	163192565	Click to see	306.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00008-0
4-[[4-[[4-(Hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]methyl]phenoxy]methyl]phenol	101182041	Click to see	336.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00008-0
4-Ethoxybenzyl alcohol	80345	Click to see CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)CO	152.19	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids
4-[[Hydroxy-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]amino]methyl]phenol	5317532	Click to see	245.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
Bis(4-Hydroxybenzyl)Sulfide	23651847	Click to see	246.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Hydroquinones
Hydroquinone	785	Click to see	110.11	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
2,3,6-Trideuterio-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde	11389509	Click to see	155.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
Vanillin	1183	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=O)O	152.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2001-18844 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00534-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02973905 https://doi.org/10.1039/B103653J https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02979066
Vanillyl alcohol	62348	Click to see	154.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02973905 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3269714/ https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00534-8 https://doi.org/10.1039/B103653J
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Tyrosols and derivatives
p-Hydroxybenzylmethylether	23050675	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CCOCCC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O	258.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00008-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980077 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02975302
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans / Tetrahydrofuran lignans / 9,9-epoxylignans / Dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans
Npc257885	10915582	Click to see	368.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan glycosides
(2S,3S,4R,5S)-2-[[(1R,2S,3S)-7-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6,8-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	9985078	Click to see	552.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Palmitic Acid	985	Click to see	256.42	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.29.55
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
trimethyl 2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate	16097950	Click to see	396.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.54.1720
Trimethyl 2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate	162908618	Click to see COC(=O)CC(CC(=O)OC)(C(=O)OC)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O	396.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.54.1720
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Kaurane diterpenoids
Pseudolaric acid D	91895324	Click to see	318.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Tigliane and ingenane diterpenoids
[(1S,4S,5R,6R,9S,14R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3,11,11,14-tetramethyl-15-oxo-7-tetracyclo[7.5.1.01,5.010,12]pentadeca-2,7-dienyl]methyl hexadecanoate	5318035	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC1=CC2C3C(C3(C)C)CC(C4(C2=O)C=C(C(C4(C1O)O)O)C)C	586.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
(R)-(+)-Citronellal	75427	Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C)CC=O	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Illudanes and illudins / Melleolides and analogues
Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyl-, (2R,2aS,4aS,7aS,7bR)-3-formyl-2,2a,4a,5,6,7,7a,7b-octahydro-2a-hydroxy-6,6,7b-trimethyl-1H-cyclobut(e)inden-2-yl ester	134206	Click to see	414.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780198570769.003.0002
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones
(1R,3'R,4R,5R,6R,8S,10R,12S,13S,16R,21R,25R)-25-hydroxy-3',4,6,12,17,17-hexamethylspiro[9,18,22,23-tetraoxahexacyclo[14.7.2.01,13.04,12.05,10.021,25]pentacosane-8,5'-oxolane]-2',19-dione	21595102	Click to see	532.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Diterpene lactones
Deacetylpseudolaric acid A	11977243	Click to see	346.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Demethoxydeacetoxypseudolaric Acid B	6475946	Click to see	376.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Methyl pseudolarate A	91885219	Click to see	402.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Methyl pseudolarate B	6475944	Click to see CC(=CC=CC1(C2CCC3(C2(CCC(=CC3)C(=O)OC)OC(=O)C)C(=O)O1)C)C(=O)OC	446.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Npc13710	10031398	Click to see	594.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pseudolaric Acid A	6436278	Click to see CC1=CCC23CCC(C2(CC1)OC(=O)C)C(OC3=O)(C)C=CC=C(C)C(=O)O	388.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
pseudolaric acid A O-beta-D-glucopyranoside	44566375	Click to see	550.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pseudolaric Acid B	6475943	Click to see	432.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pseudolaric acid C	6440704	Click to see CC(=CC=CC1(C2CCC3(C2(CCC(=CC3)C(=O)OC)O)C(=O)O1)C)C(=O)O	390.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pseudolaric Acid C2	6475945	Click to see	418.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pseudolaric Acid F	636647	Click to see CC1=CCC2(C3CCC2(CC1=O)C(=O)OC3(C)C=CC=C(C)C(=O)O)OC(=O)C	402.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pseudolaric Acid G	10894737	Click to see CC1=CCC2(C3CCC2(CC1O)C(=O)OC3(C)C=CC=C(C)C(=O)O)OC(=O)C	404.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
pseudolaric acid H	11783999	Click to see	386.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Diosgenin	99474	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)C)C)OC1	414.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pseudolarolide C	21592338	Click to see CC1CC2(CC(C(=O)O2)C)OC3C1C4(CCC56CC5(C(CCC6C4(C3)C)C(C)(C)O)CCC(=O)OC)C	516.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cycloartanols and derivatives
3,23-Dioxocycloart-24-en-26-oic acid	21593999	Click to see CC(CC(=O)C=C(C)C(=O)O)C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)CCC(=O)C5(C)C)C)C	468.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-981619
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	52940117	Click to see	576.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3S,8R,9R,10S,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5S)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	636741	Click to see	414.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.29.55 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02975302 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-981619
beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside	296119	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-981619
Npc29	6432744	Click to see	414.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sitogluside	5742590	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-981619
Stigmast-5-en-3-ol	22012	Click to see	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020290019730 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02975302
> Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / Purine nucleosides
(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]oxolane-3,4-diol	66589628	Click to see	373.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JSSC.200600469
2-(6-Aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol	191	Click to see	267.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182
2-amino-9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-yl]-1H-purin-6-one	163187977	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CC2(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)N3C=NC4=C3N=C(NC4=O)N)O	389.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JSSC.200600469
2-amino-9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3H-purin-6-one	6802	Click to see	283.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
9-alpha-Ribofuranosyladenine	448378	Click to see	267.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182
Adenosine	60961	Click to see C1=NC(=C2C(=N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)N	267.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182
N6-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)Adenine Riboside	10474479	Click to see	373.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182
Para-topolin riboside	59690894	Click to see	373.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182
> Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / Pyrimidine nucleosides
Uridine	6029	Click to see	244.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182
Yridine	7059438	Click to see	244.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Peptides / Oligopeptides
Glutathione impurity 18	53865860	Click to see	413.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00771-K
S-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)glutathione	10364396	Click to see	413.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00771-K
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
CID 21952380	21952380	Click to see	118.09	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Pentacarboxylic acids and derivatives
[(2S,3S,4R)-4-methoxy-6-oxo-2-[(E,3S,5R,6S)-3,5,6-triacetyloxyhept-1-enyl]oxan-3-yl] acetate	101267306	Click to see	458.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
2-(Carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxybutanedioate;hydron	88113319	Click to see [H+].[H+].C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O	192.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
Trimethyl citrate	74112	Click to see	234.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
GlyTouCan:G20812UT	53301851	Click to see	342.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
GlyTouCan:G29155XH	91692850	Click to see	342.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
GlyTouCan:G80014NW	46782954	Click to see	342.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sucrose	5988	Click to see	342.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1093/CHROMSCI/39.6.251 https://doi.org/10.1039/B103653J
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[4-(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	154496023	Click to see	286.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182
(3R)-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-5-[[4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methoxy]-3-[[4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methoxycarbonyl]pentanoic acid	162861016	Click to see	728.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00955-8
2-(2-((4-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)benzyl)oxy)-2-oxoethyl)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid	91973797	Click to see	460.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JSSC.200600469
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-[4-(methoxymethyl)phenoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	156343008	Click to see	300.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-[4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methoxymethyl]phenoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	73157714	Click to see	392.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.29.55
2-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-[2-oxo-2-[[4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methoxy]ethyl]-4-[[4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methoxy]butanoic acid	46173915	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1COC(=O)CC(CC(=O)OCC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	728.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-Hydroxy-4-oxo-2-[2-oxo-2-[[4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methoxy]ethyl]-4-[[4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methoxy]butanoic acid	75144772	Click to see	728.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00955-8
3-Hydroxy-5-oxo-5-[[4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methoxy]-3-[[4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methoxycarbonyl]pentanoic acid	75061243	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1COC(=O)CC(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)OCC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	728.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00955-8
4-(beta-d-Glucopyranosyloxy)benzyl 4-hydroxybenzyl ether	11972303	Click to see	392.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.29.55
4-(methoxymethyl) phenyl-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside	91166794	Click to see	300.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182
Citricacidtris(p-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl)ester	85185120	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1COC(=O)CC(CC(=O)OCC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)(C(=O)OCC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O	996.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00120-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00036-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00955-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976550 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.29.55
Gastrodin	115067	Click to see	286.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980077 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957892 https://doi.org/10.1081/AL-100002599 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.29.55 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYMED.2008.02.012 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976550 https://doi.org/10.1039/B103653J https://doi.org/10.1093/CHROMSCI/39.6.251 https://doi.org/10.1081/JLC-100103395 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-981619 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00534-8
Npc241258	3645183	Click to see	286.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957892 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.29.55 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-981619
Npc66700	9986231	Click to see	612.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Parishin	44421666	Click to see	966.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
Parishin A	10557926	Click to see	996.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.29.55 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00955-8 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182
Parishin B	44715528	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1COC(=O)CC(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)OCC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	728.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Parishin C	10676408	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1COC(=O)CC(CC(=O)OCC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	728.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00955-8
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides
D-(-)-Fructose	5984	Click to see	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1093/CHROMSCI/39.6.251 https://doi.org/10.1039/B103653J
D-Fructose	2723872	Click to see	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1093/CHROMSCI/39.6.251 https://doi.org/10.1039/B103653J
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Hexoses
D-Glucose	5793	Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O)O	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1093/CHROMSCI/39.6.251 https://doi.org/10.1039/B103653J
D(+)-Glucose	107526	Click to see C(C(C(C(C(C=O)O)O)O)O)O	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/B103653J
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides
Glycoprotein	439212	Click to see	741.70	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3269714/
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Aryl-aldehydes
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural	237332	Click to see C1=C(OC(=C1)C=O)CO	126.11	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-981619 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182
5,5'-Oxybis(5-methylene-2-furaldehyde)	12366272	Click to see C1=C(OC(=C1)C=O)COCC2=CC=C(O2)C=O	234.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980077
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aryl ketones / Aryl alkyl ketones
1-Furan-2-yl-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanone	80097762	Click to see	202.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-981619
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Benzaldehydes / Hydroxybenzaldehydes
3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde	8768	Click to see	138.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde	126	Click to see	122.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.29.55 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00008-0 https://doi.org/10.1093/CHROMSCI/39.6.251 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2001-18844 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00534-8 https://doi.org/10.1081/JLC-100103395 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02973905 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYMED.2008.02.012 https://doi.org/10.1039/B103653J https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980077 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02979066 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02975302 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde-d5	10701848	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=O)O	127.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Diazines / Pyrazines
Tetramethylpyrazine	14296	Click to see	136.19	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Diazines / Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives / Hydroxypyrimidines
5-methylpyrimidine-2,4-diol	5274265	Click to see	126.11	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Diazines / Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives / Pyrimidones
Cytosine	597	Click to see C1=C(NC(=O)N=C1)N	111.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
Uracil	1174	Click to see	112.09	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Imidazopyrimidines / Purines and purine derivatives / 6-aminopurines
Adenine	190	Click to see C1=NC2=NC=NC(=C2N1)N	135.13	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoquinolines and derivatives / Benzylisoquinolines
4-[[(1R)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-1-yl]methyl]-2-[4-[(6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-1-yl)methyl]phenoxy]phenol	45358120	Click to see	624.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pteridines and derivatives / Pterins and derivatives / Biopterins and derivatives
2-amino-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-1,8-dihydropteridine-4,7-dione	6325360	Click to see	253.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Aurone flavonoids / Auronols
(2S)-2-[(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trihydroxy-1-benzofuran-3-one	92298899	Click to see	334.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S)-2,4,6-trihydroxy-2-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-benzofuran-3-one	92299930	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)CC2(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	320.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Depsides and depsidones
[4-[4-[2-[2-[4-[4-(4-Hydroxybenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]oxyphenyl]ethoxy]ethyl]phenoxy]carbonylphenyl] 4-hydroxybenzoate	163192600	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CCOCCC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)OC(=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)OC(=O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O	738.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980077
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Diarylheptanoids / Linear diarylheptanoids
2,4-Bis(4'-hydroxybenzyl)phenol	193195	Click to see	306.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00008-0 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00051-8
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Myricetin	5281672	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	318.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes
1,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane	80152	Click to see	214.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605182

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Gastrodia elata

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