Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Ethnobotanical Uses

In southern Thailand and neighboring Peninsular Malaysia, powdered or chopped root bark is simmered in water as a bitter decoction to treat intermittent fever and chills, according to ethnobotanical surveys of traditional Thai medicinal plants. In traditional Chinese practice (recorded in the South China materia medica and later in the Chinese Materia Medica, 1977–1999 editions), a warm infusion of the mature root bark is taken to clear “damp‑heat” and to support the treatment of dysentery and gastric ulcers, often alongside other “heat‑clearing” agents. Across Java and East Indonesia, community practitioners in local ethnomedicine reports prepare a gentle root bark infusion or decoction to aid diarrhea and to wash or compress areas of swelling or minor wounds. In mainland Southeast Asia and southern China, leaves are occasionally macerated in warm water for poultice applications on inflamed skin or bruises, and fragments of bark are moistened with decoction liquids for compresses on localized infections or ulcerated sores.

A practical preparation used in Thai practice is a basic root bark decoction: place about 12 g of dried, powdered root bark in 500 mL of water, bring to a boil, reduce to a simmer for 20–25 minutes, cool to a comfortable temperature, and drink 150 mL up to twice daily while symptoms persist. A mild version suitable for short daily use uses about 5–8 g of dried root bark infused in 250–300 mL of near‑boiling water for 15–20 minutes, strained and taken warm once daily. Tincture makers often prepare a 1:5 (w/v) ethanol tincture using 1 part dried root bark to 5 parts 45–50% ethanol by volume, macerating in a dark container for 2–4 weeks with daily shaking, then filtering and pressing; a common dose is 1–2 mL taken with water 2–3 times daily. Because the bark contains quassinoids and other bitter constituents, use should be short‑term and moderate; avoid during pregnancy and nursing, and do not combine with anticoagulants without medical advice.

Phytochemically, the species is well documented to contain quassinoids such as bruceine A/B/D, closely related quassinoid and tetranortriterpenoid constituents, and indole alkaloids including canthin‑6‑one, which plausibly account for the reported antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, and anti‑inflammatory actions.

Modern relevance remains active: peer‑reviewed studies continue to report antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activity of H. perforata extracts, and various commercial or herb‑market preparations of the root bark continue to circulate in Thailand, Malaysia, and parts of Indonesia for dysentery and fever indications.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
- The heartwood yields a dense, durable timber used for structural lumber, flooring, and furniture.
- The bark is harvested for its tannin content, employed in leather tanning.
- The species provides fuelwood.

Industrial and craft applications:
- The timber is suitable for joinery, tool handles, carvings, and interior trim because of its hardness and fine grain.
- Bark tannins are used as a natural tanning agent and as a source of brown dyes for protein fibers (e.g., wool, silk).

Colorants and tanning:
- Bark extracts contain hydrolyzable tannins that produce brown hues in natural dye recipes for protein fibers and are utilized in leather processing.

Wood and fiber:
- The wood’s high specific gravity (≈0.80–0.90) and favorable lignin/cellulose ratio make it suitable for pulp production (e.g., kraft paper), though commercial exploitation remains limited.
- Bark fiber can be processed into low‑quality cordage or rope for rustic applications.

Properties relevant to use:
- The wood is characterized by high density, good dimensional stability, and resistance to decay, attributable to its lignin content and extractives.
- Bark tannins are classified as hydrolyzable, with typical tannin content of 10–15 % (dry weight) that is effective for leather tanning.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- Harrisonia perforata occurs in low‑elevation primary and secondary forests of the Philippines and adjacent islands; habitat loss and over‑harvesting have raised conservation concerns.
- Sustainable practices recommended include selective harvesting, promotion of plantation establishment, and monitoring of wild populations to prevent depletion.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Limonia pubescens	Wall.	Numer. List [Wallich] n. 6365. 1832
Paliurus perforatus	Blanco	Fl. Filip. : 174 (1837)
Anisifolium pubescens	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 98 (1891)
Ebelingia paucijuga	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 103. 1891 [5 Nov 1891]
Feroniella puberula	Tanaka	Stud. Citrol. 2: 23 (1928)
Feroniella pubescens	Tanaka	Stud. Citrol. 2: 30 (1928)
Harrisonia bennetii	A.W.Benn.	Fl. Brit. India 1: 519 (1875)
Harrisonia citrinaecarpa	Elmer	Leafl. Philipp. Bot. viii. 2828 (1915).
Lasiolepis multijuga	Benn.	Pl. Jav. Rar. : 202 (1844)
Lasiolepis paucijuga	Benn.	Pl. Jav. Rar. : 202 (1844)
Paliurus dubius	Blanco	Fl. Filip. : 175 (1837)
Lasiolepis bennetii	Planch.	London J. Bot. 5: 570 1846
Harrisonia citrinicarpa	Elmer	Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 8: 2828 1915
Feroniella pubescens	(Wall. ex Hook.f.) Tanaka

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
mad	rongkèyang
Thai	คนทา
Chinese	牛筋果
Chinese	青鳞鱼

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China Southeast
  - Hainan

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Bangladesh
- Indo-China
  - Andaman Islands
  - Cambodia
  - Laos
  - Myanmar
  - Nicobar Nicobar
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Borneo
  - Jawa
  - Lesser Sunda Islands
  - Malaya
  - Philippines
  - Sulawesi
  - Sumatera

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000715911
Tropicos	50126899
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:813738-1
The Plant List	kew-2839900
Open Tree Of Life	81680
NCBI Taxonomy	43717
IUCN Red List	147622034
IPNI	813738-1
iNaturalist	899780
GBIF	3708966
EOL	2906986
USDA GRIN	427025
Wikipedia	Harrisonia_perforata

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Exploring the Anticancer Potential of Traditional Thai Medicinal Plants: A Focus on Dracaena loureiri and Its Effects on Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Huang X, Arjsri P, Srisawad K, Yodkeeree S, Dejkriengkraikul P

Plants (Basel)

18-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10820207
doi:	10.3390/plants13020290
PMID:	38256842

Quassinoids from Twigs of Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merr and Their Anti-Parkinson’s Disease Effect

Cai M, Bai XL, Zang HJ, Tang XH, Yan Y, Wan JJ, Peng MY, Liang H, Liu L, Guo F, Zhao PJ, Liao X, Di YT, Hao XJ

Int J Mol Sci

11-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10671724
doi:	10.3390/ijms242216196
PMID:	38003386

Isoflavonoid and Furanochromone Natural Products as Potential DNA Gyrase Inhibitors: Computational, Spectral, and Antimycobacterial Studies

Jagatap VR, Ahmad I, Sriram D, Kumari J, Adu DK, Ike BW, Ghai M, Ansari SA, Ansari IA, Wetchoua PO, Karpoormath R, Patel H

ACS Omega

28-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10173323
doi:	10.1021/acsomega.3c00684
PMID:	37179626

Drug-Herb Interactions among Thai Herbs and Anticancer Drugs: A Scoping Review

Jiso A, Khemawoot P, Techapichetvanich P, Soopairin S, Phoemsap K, Damrongsakul P, Wongwiwatthananukit S, Vivithanaporn P

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

26-Jan-2022

PMCID:	PMC8880589
doi:	10.3390/ph15020146
PMID:	35215264

Machine Learning and In Vitro Chemical Screening of Potential α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Thai Indigenous Plants

Srisongkram T, Waithong S, Thitimetharoch T, Weerapreeyakul N

Nutrients

09-Jan-2022

PMCID:	PMC8781461
doi:	10.3390/nu14020267
PMID:	35057448

Traditional Medicinal Plants as a Source of Antituberculosis Drugs: A System Review

Xu Y, Liang B, Kong C, Sun Z

Biomed Res Int

08-Sep-2021

PMCID:	PMC8448615
doi:	10.1155/2021/9910365
PMID:	34541000

Antiplasmodial, antimalarial activities and toxicity of African medicinal plants: a systematic review of literature

Tajbakhsh E, Kwenti TE, Kheyri P, Nezaratizade S, Lindsay DS, Khamesipour F

Malar J

25-Aug-2021

PMCID:	PMC8390284
doi:	10.1186/s12936-021-03866-0
PMID:	34433465

The Protective Effect of Polyherbal Formulation, Harak Formula, on UVA-Induced Photoaging of Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Mouse Skin via Promoting Nrf2-Regulated Antioxidant Defense

Lohakul J, Chaiprasongsuk A, Jeayeng S, Saelim M, Muanjumpon P, Thanachaiphiwat S, Tripatara P, Soontrapa K, Lumlerdkij N, Akarasereenont P, Panich U

Front Pharmacol

12-Apr-2021

PMCID:	PMC8072377
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2021.649820
PMID:	33912060

CYP27A1 dependent anti-melanoma activity of limonoid natural products targets mitochondrial metabolism

Cho H, Shen Q, Zhang LH, Okumura M, Kawakami A, Ambrose J, Sigoillot F, Miller HR, Gleim S, Cobos-Correa A, Wang Y, Piechon P, Roma G, Eggimann F, Moore C, Aspesi P Jr, Mapa FA, Burks H, Ross NT, Krastel P, Hild M, Maimone TJ, Fisher DE, Nomura DK, Tallarico JA, Canham SM, Jenkins JL, Forrester WC

Cell Chem Biol

31-Mar-2021

PMCID:	PMC8481390
doi:	10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.03.004
PMID:	33794192

Food and nutrition of Gaur (Bos gaurus C.H. Smith, 1827) at the edge of Khao Yai National Park, Thailand

Chaiyarat R, Prasopsin S, Bhumpakphan N

Sci Rep

08-Feb-2021

PMCID:	PMC7870890
doi:	10.1038/s41598-021-82858-1
PMID:	33558608

Anti-Infectious Plants of the Thai Karen: A Meta-Analysis

Phumthum M, Balslev H

Antibiotics (Basel)

02-Jun-2020

PMCID:	PMC7345792
doi:	10.3390/antibiotics9060298
PMID:	32498413

Natural Products Research in China From 2015 to 2016

Liu H, Zhu G, Fan Y, Du Y, Lan M, Xu Y, Zhu W

Front Chem

20-Mar-2018

PMCID:	PMC5869933
doi:	10.3389/fchem.2018.00045
PMID:	29616210

The Effects of Thai Herbal Ha-Rak Formula on COX Isoform Expression in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Induced by IL-1β

Palo T, Thaworn A, Charoenkij P, Thamsermsang O, Chotewuttakorn S, Tripatara P, Laohapand T, Akarasereenont P

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med

29-Oct-2017

PMCID:	PMC5682063
doi:	10.1155/2017/9383272
PMID:	29234444

Hypoglycaemic activity of Mathurameha, a Thai traditional herbal formula aqueous extract, and its effect on biochemical profiles of streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats

Chayarop K, Peungvicha P, Temsiririrkkul R, Wongkrajang Y, Chuakul W, Rojsanga P

BMC Complement Altern Med

29-Jun-2017

PMCID:	PMC5492915
doi:	10.1186/s12906-017-1851-8
PMID:	28662699

The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus Limonoids

Gualdani R, Cavalluzzi MM, Lentini G, Habtemariam S

Molecules

13-Nov-2016

PMCID:	PMC6273274
doi:	10.3390/molecules21111530
PMID:	27845763

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones
Physcion	10639	Click to see	284.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-95-7348
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid	370	Click to see	170.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00603-Q
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
2-Propenal, 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-	9984	Click to see	178.18	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00472-J
Coniferaldehyde	5280536	Click to see	178.18	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00472-J
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
(+)-Vouacapenic acid	73350581	Click to see CC1C2CCC3C(C2CC4=C1C=CO4)(CCCC3(C)C(=O)O)C	316.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.04.064
CID 15548652	15548652	Click to see CC1C(=O)C(C2C(CCCC2(C13CCC4(O3)COC=C4)C)(C)C)OC(=O)C	376.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TET.2008.11.068
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones
Haperforin F	11114000	Click to see CC1(C23CC(=O)OC2(C4CCC(C(C(=O)C4(C3CC(=O)O1)C)(C(=O)OC)O)(C)C(=O)C5=COC=C5)C)C	516.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990598S
methyl (1S,2S,6R,11R,12S,14S,15R)-15-(furan-3-carbonyl)-14-hydroxy-2,7,7,12,15-pentamethyl-4,9,13-trioxo-3,8-dioxatetracyclo[10.5.0.02,6.06,11]heptadecane-14-carboxylate	21592427	Click to see CC1(C23CC(=O)OC2(C4CCC(C(C(=O)C4(C3CC(=O)O1)C)(C(=O)OC)O)(C)C(=O)C5=COC=C5)C)C	516.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000471Z
methyl (2S,3R,4R,5S,8R)-4-[(2E)-2-(2,2-dimethyl-6-oxopyran-3-ylidene)acetyl]-8-(furan-3-carbonyl)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4,8-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro[2.5]octane-2-carboxylate	163186610	Click to see	500.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108270100003565
Methyl 15-(furan-3-carbonyl)-14-hydroxy-2,7,7,12,15-pentamethyl-4,9,13-trioxo-3,8-dioxatetracyclo[10.5.0.02,6.06,11]heptadecane-14-carboxylate	3461324	Click to see	516.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000471Z
Methyl 4-[2-(2,2-dimethyl-6-oxopyran-3-ylidene)acetyl]-8-(furan-3-carbonyl)-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4,8-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro[2.5]octane-2-carboxylate	85051473	Click to see CC(C1CCC(C2(C1(C)C(=O)C=C3C=CC(=O)OC3(C)C)C(O2)C(=O)OC)(C)C(=O)C4=COC=C4)O	500.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108270100003565
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Quassinoids
(1R,2S,3S,4S,6R,7S,9R,13S,17S)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2,6,14,17-tetramethyl-10-oxatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.013,17]heptadec-14-ene-11,16-dione	101689979	Click to see CC1CC(C(C2(C1CC3C4(C2C(=O)C=C(C4CC(=O)O3)C)C)C)O)OC	362.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-95-7348
(1S,2S,4S,6R,7S,9R,13S,17S)-4-methoxy-2,6,14,17-tetramethyl-10-oxatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.013,17]heptadec-14-ene-3,11,16-trione	15227505	Click to see CC1CC(C(=O)C2(C1CC3C4(C2C(=O)C=C(C4CC(=O)O3)C)C)C)OC	360.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-95-7348
(1S,2S,6S,7S,9R,13S,17S)-4-methoxy-2,6,14,17-tetramethyl-10-oxatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.013,17]heptadeca-4,14-diene-3,11,16-trione	15227504	Click to see CC1C=C(C(=O)C2(C1CC3C4(C2C(=O)C=C(C4CC(=O)O3)C)C)C)OC	358.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-95-7348
3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-2,6,14,17-tetramethyl-10-oxatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.013,17]heptadec-14-ene-11,16-dione	162901247	Click to see	362.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-95-7348
4-Methoxy-2,6,14,17-tetramethyl-10-oxatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.013,17]heptadec-14-ene-3,11,16-trione	163013280	Click to see	360.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-95-7348
4-Methoxy-2,6,14,17-tetramethyl-10-oxatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.013,17]heptadeca-4,14-diene-3,11,16-trione	162849448	Click to see CC1C=C(C(=O)C2(C1CC3C4(C2C(=O)C=C(C4CC(=O)O3)C)C)C)OC	358.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-95-7348
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Xanthophylls
3-[18-(4-Hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-2,4,4-trimethyl-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycyclohex-2-en-1-one	73229403	Click to see CC1=C(C(CC(C1)O)(C)C)C=CC(=CC=CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC2=C(C(=O)C(CC2(C)C)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C	745.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TET.2008.11.068
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids / Limonoids
(1R,2R,4S,7S,8S,11R,12R,18S,20S)-7-(furan-3-yl)-18,20-dihydroxy-20-methoxy-1,8,12,17,17-pentamethyl-3,6,16-trioxapentacyclo[9.9.0.02,4.02,8.012,18]icos-13-ene-5,15,19-trione	101149685	Click to see	516.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-95-7348
[(1S,2S,4S,7S,8R,9R,10S,11R,12R,18S,19R,20S)-9,10,20-triacetyloxy-7-(furan-3-yl)-1,8,12,17,17-pentamethyl-5,15-dioxo-3,6,16-trioxapentacyclo[9.9.0.02,4.02,8.012,18]icos-13-en-19-yl] acetate	101689980	Click to see	672.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-95-7348
[(1S,2S,4S,7S,8R,9S,10S,11R,12R,18S,19R,20S)-9,10,20-triacetyloxy-7-(furan-3-yl)-1,8,12,17,17-pentamethyl-5,15-dioxo-3,6,16-trioxapentacyclo[9.9.0.02,4.02,8.012,18]icos-13-en-19-yl] acetate	15227507	Click to see	672.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-95-7348
7-(Furan-3-yl)-18,20-dihydroxy-20-methoxy-1,8,12,17,17-pentamethyl-3,6,16-trioxapentacyclo[9.9.0.02,4.02,8.012,18]icos-13-ene-5,15,19-trione	163041793	Click to see	516.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-95-7348
Casimirolide	500031	Click to see	454.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-95-7348
Harperfolide	72714904	Click to see	548.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.04.064
Methyl (2Z)-3-((3S,3aS,5aR,6R,6aR,9aS,9bR,9cR,10aS)-3-(3-furanyl)dodecahydro-6a,9a-dihydroxy-3a,6,8,8,9b-pentamethyl-1,7-dioxo-3H-furo(3',2':4,5)cyclopent(1,2-f)oxireno(d)-2-benzopyran-6-yl)-2-propenoate	5281308	Click to see	516.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.04.064 https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-95-7348
methyl (Z)-3-[(1R,2R,4S,7S,8R,9S,10R,11R,12R,13R,17S)-9,10-diacetyloxy-7-(furan-3-yl)-13,17-dihydroxy-1,8,12,15,15-pentamethyl-5,14-dioxo-3,6,16-trioxapentacyclo[9.6.0.02,4.02,8.013,17]heptadecan-12-yl]prop-2-enoate	10532085	Click to see	632.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990598S
methyl (Z)-3-[(1R,2R,4S,7S,8S,9S,10R,11R,12S,13R,17S)-10-acetyloxy-7-(furan-3-yl)-9,13,17-trihydroxy-1,8,12,15,15-pentamethyl-5,14-dioxo-3,6,16-trioxapentacyclo[9.6.0.02,4.02,8.013,17]heptadecan-12-yl]prop-2-enoate	154495950	Click to see	590.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990598S
methyl 3-[(1R,2R,4S,7R,8S,11R,12R,13R,17S)-13,17-dihydroxy-7-(2-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl)-1,8,12,15,15-pentamethyl-5,14-dioxo-3,6,16-trioxapentacyclo[9.6.0.02,4.02,8.013,17]heptadecan-12-yl]prop-2-enoate	162990474	Click to see CC1(C(=O)C2(C(C3CCC4(C(OC(=O)C5C4(C3(C2(O1)O)C)O5)C6=CC(OC6=O)O)C)(C)C=CC(=O)OC)O)C	548.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.04.064
methyl 3-[(1R,2R,4S,7S,8S,11R,12R,13R,17S)-7-(furan-3-yl)-13,17-dihydroxy-1,8,12,15,15-pentamethyl-5,14-dioxo-3,6,16-trioxapentacyclo[9.6.0.02,4.02,8.013,17]heptadecan-12-yl]prop-2-enoate	441799	Click to see	516.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.04.064
Obacunone	119041	Click to see	454.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.04.064 https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-95-7348
Perforin A	156963601	Click to see	672.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-95-7348
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00603-Q
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00603-Q
beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside	296119	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00603-Q
Sitogluside	5742590	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00603-Q
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives
N-[6-[2,5-dihydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl]-2-(2-methylbutyl)-3-oxo-1,4-benzodioxin-2-yl]-N-hydroxy-2-methoxyimino-3-methylpentanamide	162816730	Click to see	622.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TET.2008.11.068
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
CID 85056755	85056755	Click to see CC1C2CCC(C3(C2(C4(O1)C(C5C(O4)CC(=O)OC5(C)C)OC(=O)C)C)C(O3)C(=O)OC)(C)C(=O)C6=COC=C6	560.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10575630008041230
methyl 2-[(1S,5S,6S,9R,10R,11S)-10-[(3R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]-5-(furan-3-yl)-6,10-dimethyl-13-methylidene-3-oxo-4,12-dioxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]tridecan-11-yl]acetate	154496719	Click to see	486.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990598S
methyl 2-[(1S,5S,6S,9R,10R,11S)-10-[(3S)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]-5-(furan-3-yl)-6,10-dimethyl-13-methylidene-3-oxo-4,12-dioxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]tridecan-11-yl]acetate	102007778	Click to see	486.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990598S
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aryl ketones / Aryl alkyl ketones
CID 85061270	85061270	Click to see CC1C2CCC(C3(C2(C4(O1)C(C5C(O4)CC(=O)OC5(C)C)O)C)C(O3)C(=O)OC)(C)C(=O)C6=COC=C6	518.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108270100003565
Haperforin D	139057742	Click to see	518.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108270100003565
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans
1-[(2R,3R)-3-hydroperoxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-3,4-dihydrochromen-8-yl]ethanone	25223416	Click to see	404.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TET.2008.11.068 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.04.064
1-[3-Hydroperoxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-3,4-dihydrochromen-8-yl]ethanone	74433735	Click to see	404.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TET.2008.11.068
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Chromones
5-Hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbut-3-enyl)-7-methoxy-2-methylchromen-4-one	11623431	Click to see	290.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200632232 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.54.44
5-hydroxy-8-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-3-methylbut-3-enyl]-7-methoxy-2-methylchromen-4-one	163012082	Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2=C(O1)C(=C(C=C2O)OC)C(CC(=C)C)O	290.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.54.44
5-hydroxy-8-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-methylbut-3-enyl]-7-methoxy-2-methylchromen-4-one	163020136	Click to see	290.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.54.44
5,7-Dimethoxy-2-methyl-8-(1,2,3-trihydroxy-3-methylbutyl)chromen-4-one	15280396	Click to see	338.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00472-J
5,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-8-[(1R,2S)-1,2,3-trihydroxy-3-methylbutyl]chromen-4-one	162895910	Click to see	338.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00472-J
8-(2-Hydroxy-3-methylbut-3-enyl)-5,7-dimethoxy-2-methylchromen-4-one	15280397	Click to see	304.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00472-J
8-(2,3-Dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylchromen-4-one	15280394	Click to see	308.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00472-J
8-(2,3-Dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-5,7-dimethoxy-2-methylchromen-4-one	15280395	Click to see	322.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00472-J
8-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-methylbut-3-enyl]-5,7-dimethoxy-2-methylchromen-4-one	162932237	Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=C(C(=C2O1)CC(C(=C)C)O)OC)OC	304.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00472-J
8-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl]-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylchromen-4-one	101891045	Click to see	308.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00472-J
8-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl]-5,7-dimethoxy-2-methylchromen-4-one	162851411	Click to see	322.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00472-J
8-[(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)methyl]-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylchromen-4-one	11572850	Click to see	290.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200632232 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.54.44
8-[[(2S)-3,3-dimethyloxiran-2-yl]methyl]-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylchromen-4-one	163047150	Click to see	290.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.54.44
Chromone, 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methyl-6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-	615800	Click to see	274.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200632232 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00472-J https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.04.064 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.54.44
Eugenin	10189	Click to see	206.19	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.54.44 https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200632232
Harperamone	71681402	Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2=C(O1)C(=C(C=C2O)OC)CCC(C)(C)O	292.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.04.064
Heteropeucenin dimethyl ether	15280399	Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=C(C(=C2O1)CC=C(C)C)OC)OC	288.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00472-J
Heteropeucenin, methyl ether	4643333	Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2=C(O1)C(=C(C=C2O)OC)CC=C(C)C	274.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00472-J
Performone B	11608981	Click to see	290.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200632232 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.54.44
Saikochromone A	10013795	Click to see COC1=CC(=C2C(=C1)OC(=CC2=O)CO)O	222.19	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200632232 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.54.44
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Chromones / Furanochromones
(2S)-4-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-2-prop-1-en-2-yl-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-g]chromen-5-one	101759592	Click to see	274.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-95-7348
Umtatin	12444597	Click to see CC(=C)C1CC2=C(O1)C=C3C(=C2O)C(=O)C=C(O3)CO	274.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-95-7348
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Pyranochromenes
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxy-8,8-dimethyl-9,10-dihydropyrano[2,3-h]chromen-4-one	163033858	Click to see	290.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-95-7348
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxy-8,8-dimethylpyrano[2,3-h]chromen-4-one	13846019	Click to see	288.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00472-J
5-Methoxy-2,8,8-trimethyl-9,10-dihydropyrano[2,3-h]chromen-4-one	13147261	Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=C3C(=C2O1)CCC(O3)(C)C)OC	274.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-95-7348
5-methoxy-8,8-dimethyl-2-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-4-one	101683502	Click to see	450.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00472-J
5-Methoxy-8,8-dimethyl-2-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-4-one	163031302	Click to see	450.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00472-J
Greveichromenol	71450427	Click to see CC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C=C3C(=C2O)C(=O)C=C(O3)CO)C	274.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200632232 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.54.44
Methyl 5-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-4-oxopyrano[2,3-h]chromene-2-carboxylate	73352087	Click to see	302.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.04.064
Methyl 5-methoxy-8,8-dimethyl-4-oxopyrano[2,3-h]chromene-2-carboxylate	15280400	Click to see	316.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00472-J
Perforatic Acid	125232	Click to see	302.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200632232 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00472-J https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.54.44
Perforatin A	441968	Click to see	272.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00472-J https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84737-8 https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-95-7348 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.04.064 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.54.44
Ptaerochromenol	441980	Click to see	274.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200632232 https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-95-7348 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.54.44
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzoxepines
6,9-Dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-8-methyl-4H-pyrano[3,2-h][1]benzoxepin-4-one	12305498	Click to see	274.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2011.01.010
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Epoxides
(E)-Myroxide	6538431	Click to see CC(=CCC1C(O1)(C)C)C=C	152.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TET.2008.11.068
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones
(1R,2R,8R,10R,14S,17R,18R)-17-(furan-3-yl)-2,7,7,18-tetramethyl-6,9,16-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.0.02,8.08,10.014,18]icosa-3,12-diene-5,11,15-trione	10950212	Click to see CC1(C23C(O2)C(=O)C=C4C(C3(C=CC(=O)O1)C)CCC5(C4C(=O)OC5C6=COC=C6)C)C	438.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000471Z
(1R,2S,8R,10R,14S,17R,18R)-17-(furan-3-yl)-2,7,7,18-tetramethyl-6,9,16-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.0.02,8.08,10.014,18]icosa-3,12-diene-5,11,15-trione	154496717	Click to see	438.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000471Z
17-(Furan-3-yl)-2,7,7,18-tetramethyl-6,9,16-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.0.02,8.08,10.014,18]icosa-3,12-diene-5,11,15-trione	3461323	Click to see CC1(C23C(O2)C(=O)C=C4C(C3(C=CC(=O)O1)C)CCC5(C4C(=O)OC5C6=COC=C6)C)C	438.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000471Z
6-(Furan-3-yl)-12-hydroxy-5,15,15,19-tetramethyl-7,16-dioxapentacyclo[12.3.2.01,12.02,10.05,9]nonadeca-9,18-diene-8,17-dione	3461325	Click to see	424.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000471Z
Haperforin G	11080388	Click to see	424.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000471Z https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990598S
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthopyrans
(1R,6R,7R,10S,11R,14S,16R,17R,18S)-18-hydroxy-11-(2-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl)-6,10,17,20,20-pentamethyl-2,12,15,19-tetraoxahexacyclo[16.2.1.01,6.07,17.010,16.014,16]henicos-4-ene-3,13,21-trione	101681945	Click to see CC1(C23C(=O)C(O1)(C4(C(C2(C=CC(=O)O3)C)CCC5(C46C(O6)C(=O)OC5C7=CC(OC7=O)O)C)C)O)C	516.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00603-Q
(1R,6R,7R,10S,11R,14S,16R,17R,18S)-18-hydroxy-11-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl]-6,10,17,20,20-pentamethyl-2,12,15,19-tetraoxahexacyclo[16.2.1.01,6.07,17.010,16.014,16]henicos-4-ene-3,13,21-trione	163025761	Click to see	516.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00603-Q
(1R,6R,7R,10S,11S,14S,16R,17R,18S)-11-(furan-3-yl)-18-hydroxy-6,10,17,20,20-pentamethyl-2,12,15,19-tetraoxahexacyclo[16.2.1.01,6.07,17.010,16.014,16]henicos-4-ene-3,13,21-trione	163187912	Click to see CC1(C23C(=O)C(O1)(C4(C(C2(C=CC(=O)O3)C)CCC5(C46C(O6)C(=O)OC5C7=COC=C7)C)C)O)C	484.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9910165
11-(Furan-3-yl)-18-hydroxy-6,10,17,20,20-pentamethyl-2,12,15,19-tetraoxahexacyclo[16.2.1.01,6.07,17.010,16.014,16]henicos-4-ene-3,13,21-trione	14831025	Click to see CC1(C23C(=O)C(O1)(C4(C(C2(C=CC(=O)O3)C)CCC5(C46C(O6)C(=O)OC5C7=COC=C7)C)C)O)C	484.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9910165
7H-5,7a-Methano-1H-oxireno[4,5]pyrano[3,4-i]pyrano[2,3-d][2]benzoxepin-3,9,14(3aH,11aH)-trione, 1-(2,5-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-furanyl)-4b,5,11b,12,13,13a-hexahydro-5-hydroxy-4b,7,7,11a,13a-pentamethyl-	163025760	Click to see	516.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00603-Q
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthopyrans / Naphthopyranones
5-Hydroxy-6,8,10-trimethoxy-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[g]chromen-4-one	22297191	Click to see	332.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TET.2008.11.068
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxepanes
Levoglucosan	2724705	Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O1)O2)O)O)O	162.14	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TET.2008.11.068
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Benzoquinolines / Pyridoacridines / Pyrido[2,3,4-kl]acridines
2,12,16,19,29-Pentazaoctacyclo[15.13.1.118,26.01,10.03,8.013,31.020,25.030,32]dotriaconta-3,5,7,13(31),16,18,20,22,24,26(32),27,29-dodecaen-9-one	85446127	Click to see C1CN=C2C3=C1NCC4C3(C5=NC=CC6=C5C2=NC7=CC=CC=C67)NC8=CC=CC=C8C4=O	429.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TET.2008.11.068
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins
Cedrelopsin	12302592	Click to see CC(=CCC1=C2C(=CC(=C1O)OC)C=CC(=O)O2)C	260.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00472-J
Scopoletin	5280460	Click to see	192.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00472-J https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-95-7348
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Pyranocoumarins / Linear pyranocoumarins
Xanthoxyletin	66548	Click to see CC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C=C3C(=C2OC)C=CC(=O)O3)C	258.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00472-J

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Harrisonia perforata

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