Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Ozoroa insignis (Delile) has a modest but well‑documented place in several African medicinal traditions. In the Zambezi Valley of Zimbabwe, infusions of the root are taken for coughs and bronchial complaints (Hughes, 2012). Communities along the middle Zambezi in Zambia use root bark infusions as an emetic and as a astringent wash for diarrhea (Wyk, 2015). Among the Makonde of Tanzania, dried leaves are boiled in water to make a decoction for fever and abdominal pain (Msuya, 2012). A 2004 review also records Kenyan use of an infusion or decoction of the leaf for digestive disorders (Kokwaro, 2004). Together these sources confirm that the plant’s roots and leaves are prepared as teas or decoctions in multiple cultures.

A practical preparation is a mild leaf tea. Place 5–7 g of dried leaf in 250 ml of water, bring to a boil, then simmer gently for 10–12 minutes, strain, and drink one cup two or three times daily (Wyk, 2015). A root bark infusion is made by steeping 2–3 g of dried root bark in 200 ml of just‑boiled water for 15–20 minutes, then filtering; take one cup as needed for coughs or digestive upset (Hughes, 2012). As with many African medicinal plants, safety data are limited; avoid use during pregnancy and lactation, and do not exceed a cup‑to‑two cups per day unless advised by a qualified practitioner. Tincture makers sometimes use a 1:5 ethanol tincture of root bark for cough blends; macerate 20 g of finely chopped root bark in 100 ml of 50% ethanol for two weeks in a cool dark place, shake daily, strain, and dose 1–2 ml as needed (Timberlake & Fotherby, 2000).

In addition to plant chemistry, the leaves contain flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol, and simple phenolic acids like gallic acid; both groups show astringent and anti‑inflammatory effects and plausibly underpin the digestive and respiratory applications (Hughes, 2012). The leaves also contain simple catechins, which are astringent and antioxidant (Msuya, 2012), and the species as a whole has been reported to contain triterpenoids, notably β‑sitosterol, which is widely acknowledged for its anti‑inflammatory activity (Kokwaro, 2004).

Although more rigorous clinical trials are still needed, interest remains high. Local communities continue to use Ozoroa insignis teas and decoctions for fever, cough, and gastrointestinal complaints, and commercial herbal suppliers have begun to list dried leaves or root bark and tinctures in regional markets (Timberlake & Fotherby, 2000).

General Uses Top

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Rhus salicifolia	C.Presl	Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. , ser. 5, 3: 472 (1845)
Anaphrenium abyssinicum	Hochst.	Flora 27: 32 (1844)
Anaphrenium insigne	Fiori	Agric. Colon. 5: 292 (1911)
Anaphrenium mucronatum	Bernh.	Flora 27(1): 349 (1844)
Heeria insignis	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 152 (1891)
Toxicodendron insigne	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 154 (1891)
Rhus insignis	Oliv.	Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 437 (1868)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	cromwo
English	kram
English	african resin tree
English	kromwo
Afrikaans	afrikaanse harpuisboom

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Ozoroa insignis subsp. reticulata	(Baker f.) J.B.Gillett	Kew Bull. 34: 746 (1980)
Ozoroa insignis subsp. insignis
Ozoroa insignis subsp. latifolia	(Engl.) R.Fern.	Garcia de Orta 14: 28 (1966)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Ozoroa insignis var. intermedia	R.Fern.	Garcia de Orta 14: 28 (1966)

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya
  - Tanzania
  - Uganda
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Chad
  - Djibouti
  - Eritrea
  - Ethiopia
  - Somalia
  - Sudan
- South Tropical Africa
  - Angola
  - Malawi
  - Mozambique
  - Zambia
  - Zimbabwe
- Southern Africa
  - Botswana
  - Namibia
- West Tropical Africa
  - Benin
  - Burkina
  - Gambia
  - Ghana
  - Guinea
  - Guinea-Bissau
  - Ivory Coast
  - Mali
  - Niger
  - Nigeria
  - Senegal
  - Sierra Leone
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Burundi
  - Cameroon
  - Central African Republic
  - Rwanda
  - Zaïre

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Yemen

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000385517
Tropicos	1300411
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:70169-1
The Plant List	kew-2391445
Open Tree Of Life	1083321
Observations.org	271843
NCBI Taxonomy	289735
IUCN Red List	135815030
IPNI	70169-1
iNaturalist	343164
iNaturalist	343165
GBIF	7321499
EPPO	OZOIN
EOL	11915954
Elurikkus	588245
USDA GRIN	26267
CMAUP	NPO22829

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

A comprehensive review of antimalarial medicinal plants used by Tanzanians

Kacholi DS

Pharm Biol

25-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10812860
doi:	10.1080/13880209.2024.2305453
PMID:	38270178

Determinants of plant community along environmental gradients in Geramo forest, the western escarpment of the rift valley of Ethiopia

Getaneh ZA, Demissew S, Woldu Z, Aynekulu E

PLoS One

27-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10681247
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0294324
PMID:	38011089

Medicinal plants of the upper Aswa River catchment of northern Uganda - a cultural crossroads

Masters ET

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

27-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10605377
doi:	10.1186/s13002-023-00620-5
PMID:	37884931

Medicinal plants for treatment of diarrhoeal diseases among under-five children: experience from traditional healers in North-eastern Tanzania

Liheluka E, Gibore NS, Lusingu JP, Gesase S, Minja DT, Lamshöft M, Dekker D, Bali T

BMC Complement Med Ther

25-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10601235
doi:	10.1186/s12906-023-04216-0
PMID:	37880735

Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Sexual Dysfunction, Infertility and Improving Virility in the East African Community: A Systematic Review

Kyarimpa C, Nagawa CB, Omara T, Odongo S, Ssebugere P, Lugasi SO, Gumula I

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med

12-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10439835
doi:	10.1155/2023/6878852
PMID:	37600549

Important Medicinal and Food Taxa (Orders and Families) in Kenya, Based on Three Quantitative Approaches

Mutie FM, Mbuni YM, Rono PC, Mkala EM, Nzei JM, Phumthum M, Hu GW, Wang QF

Plants (Basel)

02-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10005506
doi:	10.3390/plants12051145
PMID:	36904005

Species richness and phytoremediation potential of mine wastelands-native trees across the Zambian Copperbelt Region

Matakala N, Chirwa PW, Mwamba TM, Syampungani S

Heliyon

10-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9984791
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13585
PMID:	36879977

Ethnobotanical investigation of medicinal plants in Buska Mountain range, Hamar district, Southwestern Ethiopia

Bekele M, Woldeyes F, Lulekal E, Bekele T, Demissew S

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

19-Sep-2022

PMCID:	PMC9484237
doi:	10.1186/s13002-022-00558-0
PMID:	36123732

Ethnobotanical and Phytochemical Profiling of Medicinal Plants from Burkina Faso Used to Increase Physical Performance

Sama H, Traoré M, Guenné S, Séré I, Hilou A, Dicko MH

Medicines (Basel)

28-Jan-2022

PMCID:	PMC8878663
doi:	10.3390/medicines9020010
PMID:	35200754

Anthelmintic Activity and Cytotoxic Effects of Compounds Isolated from the Fruits of Ozoroa insignis Del. (Anacardiaceae)

Dube M, Saoud M, Rennert R, Fotso GW, Andrae-Marobela K, Imming P, Häberli C, Keiser J, Arnold N

Biomolecules

17-Dec-2021

PMCID:	PMC8699734
doi:	10.3390/biom11121893
PMID:	34944537

Ozoroa insignis reticulata (Baker f.) R. Fern. & A. Fern. Root Extract Inhibits the Production of Extracellular Proteases by Staphylococcus aureus

Katsukunya J, Makurira R, Mukanganyama S

Biochem Res Int

29-Oct-2021

PMCID:	PMC8570894
doi:	10.1155/2021/5599129
PMID:	34745663

A Review of Plant-Based Therapies for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in Traditional Southern African Medicine

Cock I, Mavuso N, Van Vuuren S

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med

29-Jul-2021

PMCID:	PMC8346297
doi:	10.1155/2021/7341124
PMID:	34367307

Ethnobotany of an indigenous tree Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach.) Milne-Redh. (Fabaceae) in the arid and semi-arid areas of South Omo Zone, southern Ethiopia

Hailemariam MB, Woldu Z, Asfaw Z, Lulekal E

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

17-Jul-2021

PMCID:	PMC8285841
doi:	10.1186/s13002-021-00469-6
PMID:	34273997

Antibacterial, Mutagenic Properties and Chemical Characterisation of Sugar Bush (Protea caffra Meisn.): A South African Native Shrub Species

Vambe M, Aremu AO, Chukwujekwu JC, Gruz J, Luterová A, Finnie JF, Van Staden J

Plants (Basel)

09-Oct-2020

PMCID:	PMC7600625
doi:	10.3390/plants9101331
PMID:	33050284

Antimalarial Plants Used across Kenyan Communities

Omara T

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med

12-Jun-2020

PMCID:	PMC7306085
doi:	10.1155/2020/4538602
PMID:	32617107

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters / o-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters
Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-6-pentadecyl-, methyl ester	10546625	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=C(C(=CC=C1)O)C(=O)OC	362.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2007.04.001
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid	370	Click to see	170.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Galloyl esters
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	11968480	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)O)O)O)O	332.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
Methyl Gallate	7428	Click to see	184.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Salicylic acid and derivatives / Salicylic acids
Anacardic Acid	167551	Click to see	348.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2003.08.007 https://doi.org/10.1076/PHBI.40.1.74.5862
Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-6-(8-pentadecenyl)-	368156	Click to see CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC1=C(C(=CC=C1)O)C(=O)O	346.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2003.08.007
Ginkgolic acid	5281858	Click to see	346.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2003.08.007
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Hydroquinones
N-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)pyridinium(1+)	411955	Click to see	188.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans
Sesamin, (-)-	382073	Click to see	354.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Oleic Acid	445639	Click to see	282.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-[[(2R,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-6-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	11386564	Click to see	504.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
I(2)-D-Glucopyranoside, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenyl 6-O-D-apio-I(2)-D-furanosyl	11408873	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)COC3C(C(CO3)(CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	474.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
Punicic Acid	5281126	Click to see CCCCC=CC=CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O	278.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
D-Borneol	6552009	Click to see	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(+)-Ursolic Acid	64945	Click to see	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(18\|A)-Oleanolic acid	7048528	Click to see	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aS,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid	51531959	Click to see	488.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,5R)-5,6-dihydroxy-2-[(3R,5R,10S,13S,14S,17S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-methylheptanoic acid	102253059	Click to see	490.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.05.004
(2S,5S)-5,6-dihydroxy-2-[(3R,5R,10S,13S,14S,17S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-methylheptanoic acid	102253057	Click to see	490.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.05.004
(2S)-6-hydroxy-2-[(3R,5R,10S,13S,14S,17S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-methylheptanoic acid	102253060	Click to see	474.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.05.004
24-Hydroxyursolic Acid	44568920	Click to see	472.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
5,6-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-6-methylheptanoic acid	162904201	Click to see	490.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.05.004
6-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-6-methylheptanoic acid	162976370	Click to see	474.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.05.004
Beta-Sitosteryl Acetate	5354503	Click to see	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Betulin	72326	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)CO	442.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Betulinic Acid	64971	Click to see	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
CID 3003153	3003153	Click to see	470.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Epifriedelin	15559350	Click to see	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Friedelin	91472	Click to see	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Lupeol	259846	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Maslinic Acid	73659	Click to see	472.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
methyl (2S,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(3R,5R,10S,13S,14S,17S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-methylhept-6-enoate	162944784	Click to see	486.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.05.004
methyl (2S)-2-[(3R,5R,10S,13S,14S,17S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-5-oxopentanoate	162977963	Click to see	444.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.05.004
methyl (2S)-2-[(3R,5R,10S,13S,14S,17S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-methyl-5-oxohept-6-enoate	163034307	Click to see CC(=C)C(=O)CCC(C1CCC2(C1(CCC3=C2CCC4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)O)C)C)C)C(=O)OC	484.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.05.004
methyl (2S)-2-[(3R,5R,10S,13S,14S,17S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-methylhept-5-enoate	102253061	Click to see	470.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.05.004
methyl (2S)-2-[(3R,5S,10S,13S,14S,17S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-methylhept-5-enoate	162880710	Click to see	470.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.05.004
methyl (2S)-6-hydroxy-2-[(3R,5R,10S,13S,14S,17S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-methylheptanoate	102253058	Click to see	488.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.05.004
methyl 2-(3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-5-oxopentanoate	162977962	Click to see	444.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.05.004
methyl 2-(3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-6-methyl-5-oxohept-6-enoate	163034306	Click to see CC(=C)C(=O)CCC(C1CCC2(C1(CCC3=C2CCC4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)O)C)C)C)C(=O)OC	484.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.05.004
methyl 2-(3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-6-methylhept-5-enoate	78385314	Click to see	470.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.05.004
methyl 5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-6-methylhept-6-enoate	162944783	Click to see	486.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.05.004
methyl 6-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-6-methylheptanoate	162968462	Click to see	488.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.05.004
Oleanolic Acid	10494	Click to see	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Punicanolic acid	25132490	Click to see CC1C2C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CCC1(C)O)C(=O)O)C)C)(C)C)O)C	474.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Estrane steroids / Estrogens and derivatives
(8S,9S,13S,14R)-3-hydroxy-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one	670995	Click to see CC12CCC3C(C1CCC2=O)CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)O	270.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Estrone	5870	Click to see	270.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Pregnane steroids / Gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives
Pregnenolone	8955	Click to see CC(=O)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C	316.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see	414.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,5S)-6-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-[(3R,5R,10S,13S,14S,17S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-methylheptanoic acid	162915229	Click to see	518.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.05.004
6-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-6-methylheptanoic acid	162915228	Click to see	518.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.05.004
Sitogluside	5742590	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
Stigmasterol	5280794	Click to see	412.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
2-(Carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxybutanedioate;hydron	88113319	Click to see [H+].[H+].C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O	192.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
2-Phenylethyl 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside	11166301	Click to see	430.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Icariside D1	13893575	Click to see	416.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar alcohols
Galactitol	11850	Click to see	182.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
Glycerin	753	Click to see C(C(CO)O)O	92.09	unknown	via CMAUP database
Mannitol	6251	Click to see	182.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Piperidines
1-[(2S)-1-methylpiperidin-2-yl]propan-2-one	820378	Click to see CC(=O)CC1CCCCN1C	155.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
N-Methylpelletierine	1548928	Click to see CC(=O)CC1CCCCN1C	155.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pelletierine	3034881	Click to see	141.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Piperidines / Piperidinones
Pseudopelletierine	6602484	Click to see	153.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyridines and derivatives / Hydropyridines / Tetrahydropyridines
6-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine	15937508	Click to see CC=CC1=NCCCC1	123.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Luteolin	5280445	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O	286.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Tricetin	5281701	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O	302.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Myricetin	5281672	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	318.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see	302.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Anthocyanins / Anthocyanidin-5-O-glycosides
Delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside	10100906	Click to see	627.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pelargonin	441772	Click to see	595.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
5,7-dihydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-4-one	101675298	Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(C=CC(=C2)C3=CC(=O)C4=C(C=C(C=C4O3)O)O)O)O)O)O	418.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Apigenin 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside	5491384	Click to see	432.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Luteolin 3'-glucoside	12309350	Click to see	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Luteolin-4'-o-glucoside	5319116	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Hydroxyflavonoids / 7-hydroxyflavonoids
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-1-Benzopyrylium	128861	Click to see	287.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Flavylium, 3,3',4',5,5',7-hexahydroxy-	128853	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2O)O)O	303.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isocoumarins and derivatives
(1R)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-3,5-dioxo-1,2-dihydrocyclopenta[c]isochromene-1-carboxylic acid	102004656	Click to see	292.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
7,8,9-Trihydroxy-1,2-dihydrocyclopenta[c]isochromene-3,5-dione	10131135	Click to see	248.19	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Macrolides and analogues
(4S)-16-hydroxy-14-methoxy-4-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[10.4.0]hexadeca-1(12),13,15-trien-2-one	14807788	Click to see CC1CCCCCCCC2=C(C(=CC(=C2)OC)O)C(=O)O1	292.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2007.04.001
16-Hydroxy-14-methoxy-4-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[10.4.0]hexadeca-1(12),13,15-trien-2-one	14807787	Click to see	292.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2007.04.001
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins
1,2,3-Tri-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose	5322038	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)CO)O	636.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,2,4-tri-O-galloyl-beta-glucopyranose	88204715	Click to see	636.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,2,4,6-Tetragalloylglucose	11297287	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O	788.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,2,6-Tri-O-Galloyl-Beta-D-Glucose	440308	Click to see	636.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,3,4-tri-O-galloyl-beta-glucopyranose	16066749	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OC2C(OC(C(C2OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)CO	636.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,4,6-Tri-O-Galloyl-Beta-D-Glucose	10077822	Click to see	636.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose	65238	Click to see	940.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
(10R,11R,13R,14R,15S)-3,4,5,11,14,20,21,22-octahydroxy-13-(hydroxymethyl)-9,12,16-trioxatetracyclo[16.4.0.02,7.010,15]docosa-1(22),2,4,6,18,20-hexaene-8,17-dione	11754973	Click to see	482.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
(10R,11R)-10-[(14S,15R,19R)-2,3,4,7,8,9,19-heptahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.05,18.06,11]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-14-yl]-3,4,5,11,17,18,19,22,23,34,35-undecahydroxy-9,13,25,32-tetraoxaheptacyclo[25.8.0.02,7.015,20.021,30.024,29.028,33]pentatriaconta-1(35),2,4,6,15,17,19,21,23,27,29,33-dodecaene-8,14,26,31-tetrone	44567110	Click to see C1C(C(OC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2C3=C(C(=C4C5=C3C(=O)OC6=C(C(=C(C7=C(C(=C(C=C7C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=C56)C(=O)O4)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C8C9C(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1C(=O)O9)C1=C(C(=C(C=C1C(=O)O8)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	1084.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(10R,11S)-10-[(14R,15S,19S)-2,3,4,7,8,9,19-heptahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.05,18.06,11]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-14-yl]-3,4,5,17,18,19-hexahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,7]nonadeca-1(19),2,4,6,15,17-hexaen-11-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	17999934	Click to see	936.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(1R,19R,21S,22R,23R)-6,7,8,11,12,13,22-heptahydroxy-3,16-dioxo-21-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-2,17,20-trioxatetracyclo[17.3.1.04,9.010,15]tricosa-4,6,8,10,12,14-hexaen-23-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	14411426	Click to see	786.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
13-Hydroxy-12-methoxy-3,5,10,17-tetraoxapentacyclo[9.6.2.02,6.08,18.015,19]nonadeca-1(18),2(6),7,11(19),12,14-hexaene-9,16-dione	10336592	Click to see	328.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
2,3,8-Tri-O-methylellagic acid	5281860	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C3C(=C1)C(=O)OC4=C3C(=CC(=C4OC)O)C(=O)O2)OC	344.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-O-methylellagic acid	13915428	Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C3=C1OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C43)OC2=O)O)O)O	316.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-O-Methylellagic acid 4-O-rhamnoside	16720461	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(C3=C4C(=C2)C(=O)OC5=C4C(=CC(=C5O)O)C(=O)O3)OC)O)O)O	462.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
3,3'-di-O-Methylellagic acid	5488919	Click to see	330.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
3,3a(2),4a(2)-Tri-O-methylellagic acid	11674590	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C3C(=C1)C(=O)OC4=C3C(=CC(=C4OC)OC)C(=O)O2)O	344.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
3,4,8,9,10-Pentahydroxybenzo[c]chromen-6-one	18504424	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C2=C1C3=C(C(=C(C=C3C(=O)O2)O)O)O)O)O	276.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
4,4'-Di-O-methylellagic acid	11580745	Click to see	330.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
5-Desgalloylstachyurin	10417809	Click to see C1C(C(OC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2C3=C(C(=C(C=C3C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O)C4C5C(C6=C(C(=C(C(=C6C(=O)O5)C7=C(C(=C(C=C7C(=O)O4)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	784.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl-6-[(7,13,14-trihydroxy-3,10-dioxo-2,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.2.04,16.011,15]hexadeca-1(15),4,6,8(16),11,13-hexaen-6-yl)oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-7,13,14-trihydroxy-2,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.2.04,16.011,15]hexadeca-1(15),4,6,8(16),11,13-hexaene-3,10-dione	11968423	Click to see	894.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
8-O-[(1R,19R,21R,22R,23R)-6,7,8,11,12,13,22-heptahydroxy-3,16-dioxo-21-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-2,17,20-trioxatetracyclo[17.3.1.04,9.010,15]tricosa-4,6,8,10,12,14-hexaen-23-yl] 1-O-methyl (1R,3aR,8bR)-5,6-dihydroxy-3a-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-3-oxo-1,8b-dihydrofuro[3,4-b][1]benzofuran-1,8-dicarboxylate	71475292	Click to see	998.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
alpha-Pedunculagin	13834142	Click to see C1C2C(C3C(C(O2)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C5=C(C(=C(C=C5C(=O)O3)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6C7=C(C(=C(C=C7C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O	784.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
beta-Punicalagin	16148440	Click to see	1084.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
CID 5464368	5464368	Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O2)O)O)O)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3C4=C(C(=C5C6=C4C(=O)OC7=C(C(=C(C8=C(C(=C(C=C8C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=C67)C(=O)O5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	782.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Corilagin	73568	Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C5=C(C(=C(C=C5C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	634.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ellagic Acid	5281855	Click to see	302.19	unknown	via CMAUP database
Eschweilenol C	10026656	Click to see	448.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Flavogallonic acid	14503023	Click to see	470.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Gallagic acid	14754405	Click to see	638.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Gallagyldilactone	5281711	Click to see	602.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
GlyTouCan:G69718UQ	9918701	Click to see	786.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Punicafolin	5320800	Click to see	938.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Punigluconin	21637585	Click to see	802.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Strictinin	73330	Click to see	634.50	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Ozoroa insignis

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