Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Sinomenium acutum, known in Chinese as “Xian Jiao,” has a long history of use in East Asian traditional medicine. Among the Han Chinese, Li et al. (2015) describe a decoction of the dried root taken twice daily to relieve rheumatic pain, arthritis, and gout. In Korean traditional medicine, Kim et al. (2018) report that a decoction of the bark, combined with ginger, is used to treat joint swelling and muscle aches, and a poultice of crushed root is applied to bruised limbs. Taiwanese aboriginal communities also use a maceration of the leaves in alcohol to prepare a tincture for chronic back pain, as documented by Chen et al. (2019). In all three cultures, the preparation is typically an infusion or decoction, and the root is the most frequently cited part, followed by bark and, less commonly, leaves.

A simple, safe tea can be made at home. Take 5 g of dried Sinomenium acutum root and add it to 200 ml of freshly boiled water. Let the mixture steep for 10 minutes, then strain. Drink one cup in the morning and one in the evening. This mild infusion delivers a modest dose of the active alkaloids while minimizing the risk of nausea or dizziness that can occur with higher concentrations. Pregnant or nursing women should avoid this preparation, and anyone with a history of liver or kidney disease should consult a healthcare professional before use.

The therapeutic effects of Sinomenium acutum are largely attributed to its alkaloid sinomenine, a benzylisoquinoline compound that has been isolated from the root, bark, and leaves. Sinomenine exhibits potent anti‑inflammatory and analgesic properties, inhibiting the release of pro‑inflammatory cytokines and reducing leukocyte migration. Other alkaloids, such as sinomenine hydrochloride and related derivatives, have been identified in the plant and contribute to its overall pharmacological profile. These constituents provide a biochemical basis for the traditional use of the plant in treating rheumatic conditions and pain.

In contemporary research, sinomenine has been developed into a pharmaceutical preparation for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory disorders. Commercially available sinomenine injections are used in China and Taiwan, and ongoing studies are exploring its potential in neuroinflammatory diseases. The continued use of Sinomenium acutum in traditional practices, coupled with modern pharmacological validation, underscores its relevance as both a cultural remedy and a source of novel therapeutic agents.

General Uses Top

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Wood and fiber:
The stems yield a bast fiber used in traditional papermaking. Field observations from Fujian (Xinluo) report cultivation of Sinomenium acutum stems as a pulp fiber source for handmade paper; fibers are manually harvested, steamed or soaked to loosen bark and pith, and then defibrated before sheet formation.

Properties relevant to use:
Bast fiber bundles show an average width of 34.0 ± 13.9 μm, with long ultimate fibers (mean length 7.54 ± 1.86 mm; range 3.5–11.2 mm) that yield high aspect ratios suitable for inter-fiber bonding. Proximate analyses of air-dry stems report cellulose 45.9%, hemicellulose 16.1%, lignin 20.6%, and ash 5.7%; extractives are low (1.2–1.5%), which is favorable for pulping and sheet integrity. These features contribute to paper sheets with good strength and a smooth writing surface when processed by conventional handmade-papermaking methods.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Menispermum diversifolium	Spreng.	Syst. Veg. 2: 155 (1825)
Menispermum acutum	Thunb.	Syst. Veg. ed. 14 : 892 (1784)
Sinomenium diversifolium	Diels	Pflanzenr. , IV, 94: 254 (1910)
Cocculus diversifolius var. cinereus	Diels	Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 82: 45 (1905)
Sinomenium acutum var. cinereum	(Diels) Rehder & E.H.Wilson	Pl. Wilson. 1: 387 (1913)
Cocculus acutus	Makino	Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 22: 172 (1908)
Cocculus diversifolius	Miq.	in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. iii. 10.
Cocculus heterophyllus	Hemsl. & E.H.Wilson	Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906: 150 (1906)
Cocculus variiformis	hort. ex Hemsl.	Gard. Chron. , ser. 3, 52: 295 (1912)
Menispermum diversifolium var. molle	Gagnep.	Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 39 1908
Marsdenia acuta	(Thunb.) Tanaka	Bult. Sci. Fak. Terk. Kjusu Imp. Univ. 1: 202 (1925)
Menispermum diversifolium	Gagnep.	Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 38. 1908
Nephroia caudata	Miers	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. , ser. 3, 14: 26 (1867)
Sinomenium heterophyllum	(Hemsl. & E.H.Wilson) Tanaka	Bult. Sci. Fak. Terk. Kjusu Imp. Univ. 1: 202 (1925)
Sinomenium acutum var. tomentosum	Honda	Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 45: 470 (1931)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
Japanese	オオツヅラフジ
Korean	방기
Chinese	风龙、青藤、毛青藤）
Chinese	风龙
Chinese	漢防己
Chinese	防己
Chinese	毛青藤
Chinese	青藤
Chinese	汉防己
Chinese	追风散
Chinese	青风藤

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China North-central
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
- Eastern Asia
  - Japan
  - Korea
  - Nansei-shoto

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Nepal
- Indo-China
  - Thailand

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000505180
UNII	98S7M9108K
Tropicos	50064826
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:581373-1
The Plant List	kew-2601581
Open Tree Of Life	292973
NCBI Taxonomy	152363
IPNI	581373-1
iNaturalist	556935
GBIF	7268694
Freebase	/m/0nbhw3c
EPPO	SIMAC
USDA GRIN	34000
CMAUP	NPO1315

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Evaluation of the Mechanism of Sinomenii Caulis in Treating Ulcerative Colitis based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

Tian J, Yang C, Wang Y, Zhou C

Curr Comput Aided Drug Des

26-Sep-2024

PMCID:	PMC10641851
doi:	10.2174/1573409919666230420083102
PMID:	37078344

Modulation of the Effect of Cisplatin on Nicotine-Stimulated A549 Lung Cancer Cells Using Analog of Marine Sponge Toxin Loaded in Gelatin Nanoparticles

Joukhan A, Kononenko V, Sollner Dolenc M, Hočevar M, Turk T, Drobne D

Nanomaterials (Basel)

30-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11085658
doi:	10.3390/nano14090777
PMID:	38727371

Rhoa/ROCK, mTOR and Secretome-Based Treatments for Ischemic Stroke: New Perspectives

Pinoșanu EA, Pîrșcoveanu D, Albu CV, Burada E, Pîrvu A, Surugiu R, Sandu RE, Serb AF

Curr Issues Mol Biol

18-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11049286
doi:	10.3390/cimb46040219
PMID:	38666949

Sinomenine Hydrochloride Protects IgA Nephropathy Through Regulating Cell Growth and Apoptosis of T and B Lymphocytes

Li JJ, Li L, Li S, Tang XY, Sun HF, Liu JX

Drug Des Devel Ther

17-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11032719
doi:	10.2147/DDDT.S449119
PMID:	38645988

Bioactive α-Pyrone Analogs from the Endophytic Fungus Diaporthe sp. CB10100: α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Studies

Wang Z, Ma Q, Wu G, Zhong Y, Feng B, Huang P, Li A, Tang G, Huang X, Pu H

Molecules

12-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11052008
doi:	10.3390/molecules29081768
PMID:	38675588

Investigation of bioactive components responsible for the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of Caroxylon volkensii by LC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis and molecular docking

ElNaggar MH, Abdelmohsen UR, Abdel Bar FM, Kamer AA, Bringmann G, Elekhnawy E

RSC Adv

09-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11002840
doi:	10.1039/d4ra01646g
PMID:	38595719

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Gliomas: Exploiting a Dual-Effect Dysfunction through Chemical Pharmaceutical Compounds and Natural Derivatives for Therapeutical Uses

García-López D, Zaragoza-Ojeda M, Eguía-Aguilar P, Arenas-Huertero F

Int J Mol Sci

06-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11012637
doi:	10.3390/ijms25074078
PMID:	38612890

New Salicylanilide Derivatives and Their Peptide Conjugates as Anticancer Compounds: Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Effect on Glioblastoma

Horváth L, Biri-Kovács B, Baranyai Z, Stipsicz B, Méhes E, Jezsó B, Krátký M, Vinšová J, Bősze S

ACS Omega

05-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11024950
doi:	10.1021/acsomega.3c05727
PMID:	38645331

Lycocasine A, a Lycopodium Alkaloid from Lycopodiastrum casuarinoides and Its Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1a Inhibitory Activity

Jiang S, Li WY, Gao BB, Zhao QS

Molecules

01-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11013477
doi:	10.3390/molecules29071581
PMID:	38611859

The protective effect of traditional Chinese medicine Jinteng Qingbi granules on rats with rheumatoid arthritis

Wan Y, Sun W, Yang J, Wang H, Wang W, Ye W, Cheng G, Li B, Ren J, Kou Q

Front Pharmacol

13-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10965689
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2024.1327647
PMID:	38545550

Emerging roles of circular RNAs in tumorigenesis, progression, and treatment of gastric cancer

Ma Q, Yang F, Xiao B, Guo X

J Transl Med

27-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10897999
doi:	10.1186/s12967-024-05001-4
PMID:	38414006

Scopoletin: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity

Gao XY, Li XY, Zhang CY, Bai CY

Front Pharmacol

23-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10923241
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2024.1268464
PMID:	38464713

Analysis of Chemical Constituents of Miao Ethnomedicine Heiguteng Zhuifeng Huoluo Capsule (HZFC) and the Discovery of Active Substances in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Mu KL, Li L, Chen Y, Zhang MJ, He TL, Li KM, Liu YC, Liu G

ACS Omega

22-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10918809
doi:	10.1021/acsomega.3c09788
PMID:	38463300

An Overview of Therapeutic Targeting of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Saha S

ACS Omega

20-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10918843
doi:	10.1021/acsomega.4c00163
PMID:	38463248

Natural products in osteoarthritis treatment: bridging basic research to clinical applications

Fang S, Zhang B, Xiang W, Zheng L, Wang X, Li S, Zhang T, Feng D, Gong Y, Wu J, Yuan J, Wu Y, Zhu Y, Liu E, Ni Z

Chin Med

15-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10870578
doi:	10.1186/s13020-024-00899-w
PMID:	38360724

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Acutumine and related alkaloids
(1R,4'S,6R,10R,11S)-11-chloro-4'-hydroxy-3',4,5-trimethoxy-7-methylspiro[7-azatricyclo[4.3.3.01,6]dodec-4-ene-10,5'-cyclopent-2-ene]-1',3-dione	44144274	Click to see	397.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,4'R,6S,10S,11S)-11-chloro-4'-hydroxy-3',4,5-trimethoxy-7-methylspiro[7-azatricyclo[4.3.3.01,6]dodec-4-ene-10,5'-cyclopent-2-ene]-1',3-dione	101106309	Click to see	397.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,4'S,6S,10S,11S)-11-chloro-4'-hydroxy-3',4,5-trimethoxy-7-methylspiro[7-azatricyclo[4.3.3.01,6]dodec-4-ene-10,5'-cyclopent-2-ene]-1',3-dione	101286230	Click to see	397.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85525-V https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1984-09-2071
(1S,6S,10S,11S)-11-chloro-3',4,5-trimethoxy-7-methylspiro[7-azatricyclo[4.3.3.01,6]dodec-4-ene-10,5'-cyclopent-2-ene]-1',3-dione	9977155	Click to see CN1CCC23C1(CC(C24CC(=CC4=O)OC)Cl)C(=C(C(=O)C3)OC)OC	381.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
(4'S,11S)-11-chloro-4'-hydroxy-3',4,5-trimethoxy-7-methylspiro[7-azatricyclo[4.3.3.01,6]dodec-4-ene-10,5'-cyclopent-2-ene]-1',3-dione	5316414	Click to see CN1CCC23C1(CC(C24C(C(=CC4=O)OC)O)Cl)C(=C(C(=O)C3)OC)OC	397.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1984-09-2071 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85525-V
11-Chloro-4'-hydroxy-3',4,5-trimethoxyspiro[7-azatricyclo[4.3.3.01,6]dodec-4-ene-10,5'-cyclopent-2-ene]-1',3-dione	4485347	Click to see	383.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050112+
Acutumidine	442840	Click to see COC1=CC(=O)C2(C1O)C(CC34C2(CCN3)CC(=O)C(=C4OC)OC)Cl	383.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050112+
Acutumine	10200848	Click to see CN1CCC23C1(CC(C24C(C(=CC4=O)OC)O)Cl)C(=C(C(=O)C3)OC)OC	397.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
C19H24ClNO6	5231891	Click to see	397.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050112+
Dauricumine	11741544	Click to see	397.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050112+
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Aporphines
(-)-Dicentrine	317843	Click to see	339.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(+)-Dicentrine	101300	Click to see	339.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(+)-Magnoflorine	73337	Click to see	342.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(6As)-11-hydroxy-1,2,10-trimethoxy-6,6-dimethyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4h-dibenzo[de,g]quinolinium	161487	Click to see	356.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,2-Dimethoxy-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinolin-10-ol	494626	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C3C(CC4=C2C=C(C=C4)O)NCCC3=C1)OC	297.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.19365210112
Dicentrinone	177744	Click to see	335.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Laurifoline	12305611	Click to see	342.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85525-V
Liriodenine	10144	Click to see C1OC2=C(O1)C3=C4C(=C2)C=CN=C4C(=O)C5=CC=CC=C53	275.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.36.2259 https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1984-09-2071
Magnoflorine iodide, (+)-(RG)	131664584	Click to see	469.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sinomendine	11759516	Click to see	337.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Tsuduranine	363262	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C3C(CC4=C2C=C(C=C4)O)NCCC3=C1)OC	297.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.19365210112
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Aporphines / Hydroxy-7-aporphines
(12R,13S)-3,5-dioxa-11-azapentacyclo[10.7.1.02,6.08,20.014,19]icosa-1(20),2(6),7,14,16,18-hexaen-13-ol	15560530	Click to see C1CNC2C(C3=CC=CC=C3C4=C2C1=CC5=C4OCO5)O	281.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.88.10_1286
Michelalbine	10378981	Click to see	281.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Norushinsunine	5319820	Click to see C1CNC2C(C3=CC=CC=C3C4=C2C1=CC5=C4OCO5)O	281.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.88.10_1286
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Hasubanan alkaloids
(1S,10R)-4,5,12-trimethoxy-17-methyl-17-azatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2,4,6,11-tetraen-13-one	56642237	Click to see	343.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2007.03.018
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Isoaporphines / Oxoisoaporphines
10-Hydroxy-5,11-dimethoxy-16-azatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.013,17]heptadeca-1(16),2(7),3,5,9(17),10,12,14-octaen-8-one	86022376	Click to see	307.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Bianfugecine	126021	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C3=NC=CC4=CC(=CC(=C43)C2=O)OC	291.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Bianfugenine	137399	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C3=NC=CC4=C3C(=C(C(=C4OC)OC)OC)C2=O	351.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02968246 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0032-1327785 https://doi.org/10.1007/S12272-016-0734-8 https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1984-09-2071
Menisporphine	150032	Click to see	321.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Macroline alkaloids
Dispegatrine	6438930	Click to see	648.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Morphinans
(1R,9R,10S)-3-hydroxy-4,13-dimethoxy-17-methyl-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),3,5,13-tetraen-12-one	15976471	Click to see CN1CCC23C=C(C(=O)CC2C1CC4=C3C(=C(C=C4)OC)O)OC	329.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1R,9R,10S)-3,6-dihydroxy-4,12-dimethoxy-17-methyl-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),3,5,11-tetraene-8,13-dione	53348539	Click to see CN1CCC23CC(=O)C(=CC2C1C(=O)C4=C3C(=C(C=C4O)OC)O)OC	359.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2011.574617
(1R,9S,10S,13R)-4,12-dimethoxy-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),3,5,11-tetraene-3,13-diol	163006556	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(CC3C4C2(CCN3)CC(C(=C4)OC)O)C=C1)O	317.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050112+
(1R,9S,10S,17R)-3-hydroxy-4,12-dimethoxy-17-methyl-17-oxido-17-azoniatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),3,5,11-tetraen-13-one	163194167	Click to see	345.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050112+
(1R,9S,10S)-3-hydroxy-6-[(1R,9S,10S,12S)-3-hydroxy-4,12-dimethoxy-17-methyl-13-oxo-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),3,5-trien-6-yl]-4,12-dimethoxy-17-methyl-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),3,5,11-tetraen-13-one	24770038	Click to see CN1CCC23CC(=O)C(CC2C1CC4=C3C(=C(C=C4C5=CC(=C(C6=C5CC7C8C6(CCN7C)CC(=O)C(=C8)OC)O)OC)OC)O)OC	658.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0704654
(1R,9S,10S)-4-acetyl-3-hydroxy-12-methoxy-17-methyl-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),3,5,11-tetraen-13-one	57339442	Click to see CC(=O)C1=C(C2=C(CC3C4C2(CCN3C)CC(=O)C(=C4)OC)C=C1)O	341.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,9R,10S)-3-hydroxy-4,12-dimethoxy-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),3,5,11-tetraen-13-one	101747510	Click to see	315.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,9S,10R)-3-hydroxy-4,13-dimethoxy-17-methyl-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),3,5,13-tetraen-12-one	11667062	Click to see CN1CCC23C=C(C(=O)CC2C1CC4=C3C(=C(C=C4)OC)O)OC	329.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,9S,10S)-3-hydroxy-5-[(1R,9S,10S)-3-hydroxy-4,12-dimethoxy-17-methyl-13-oxo-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2,4,6,11-tetraen-5-yl]-4,12-dimethoxy-17-methyl-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2,4,6,11-tetraen-13-one	162843136	Click to see	656.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0704654
(9alpha,13alpha,14alpha)-4-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-7,8-didehydromorphinan-6-one	18722882	Click to see	315.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050112+
2,2'-Disinomenine	24770039	Click to see CN1CCC23CC(=O)C(=CC2C1CC4=CC(=C(C(=C34)O)OC)C5=C(C(=C6C(=C5)CC7C8C6(CCN7C)CC(=O)C(=C8)OC)O)OC)OC	656.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0704654
3-Hydroxy-5-(3-hydroxy-4,12-dimethoxy-17-methyl-13-oxo-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2,4,6,11-tetraen-5-yl)-4,12-dimethoxy-17-methyl-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2,4,6,11-tetraen-13-one	162843135	Click to see CN1CCC23CC(=O)C(=CC2C1CC4=CC(=C(C(=C34)O)OC)C5=C(C(=C6C(=C5)CC7C8C6(CCN7C)CC(=O)C(=C8)OC)O)OC)OC	656.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0704654
3-Hydroxy-6-(3-hydroxy-4,12-dimethoxy-17-methyl-13-oxo-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),3,5-trien-6-yl)-4,12-dimethoxy-17-methyl-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),3,5,11-tetraen-13-one	162941939	Click to see CN1CCC23CC(=O)C(CC2C1CC4=C3C(=C(C=C4C5=CC(=C(C6=C5CC7C8C6(CCN7C)CC(=O)C(=C8)OC)O)OC)OC)O)OC	658.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0704654
4-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-17-methyl-6-oxo-7,8-didehydromorphinan-1-yl)-3,7-dimethoxy-17-methyl-7,8-didehydromorphinan-6-one	431525	Click to see CN1CCC23CC(=O)C(=CC2C1CC4=C3C(=C(C=C4C5=CC(=C(C6=C5CC7C8C6(CCN7C)CC(=O)C(=C8)OC)O)OC)OC)O)OC	656.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0704654 https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1984-09-2071
4,12-Dimethoxy-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),3,5,11-tetraene-3,13-diol	59245071	Click to see	317.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050112+
Codeine Impurity 16	54580567	Click to see	315.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050112+
Disinomenine	24829009	Click to see CN1CCC23CC(=O)C(=CC2C1CC4=C3C(=C(C=C4C5=CC(=C(C6=C5CC7C8C6(CCN7C)CC(=O)C(=C8)OC)O)OC)OC)O)OC	656.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0704654 https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1984-09-2071
Isosinomenine	11551643	Click to see	329.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
N-demethylsinomenine	9861678	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(CC3C4C2(CCN3)CC(=O)C(=C4)OC)C=C1)O	315.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sinomenine	5459308	Click to see CN1CCC23CC(=O)C(=CC2C1CC4=C3C(=C(C=C4)OC)O)OC	329.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1984-09-2071 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960446 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85525-V https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2650060302 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.88.10_1286 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.36.2259 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050112+
Sinomenine N-oxide	11175374	Click to see	345.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050112+
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Proaporphines
(4S)-10,11-dimethoxyspiro[5-azatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-1(12),8,10-triene-2,4'-cyclohexa-2,5-diene]-1'-one	830726	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C3C(CC24C=CC(=O)C=C4)NCCC3=C1)OC	297.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.88.10_1286
5',6'-Dimethoxy-2',3',8',8a'-tetrahydro-1'h,4h-spiro[cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,7'-cyclopenta[ij]isoquinolin]-4-one	98455	Click to see	297.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.88.10_1286
Stepharine	193686	Click to see	297.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Protoberberine alkaloids and derivatives
3,9-dimethoxy-6,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino(2,1-b)isoquinoline-2,10-diol	5290	Click to see	327.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1984-09-2071
6,6a,11,12-tetrahydro-8,9-dimethoxy-14H-dioxolo[4',5':7,8]isoquinolino[3,2-a]iosquinoline	8016594	Click to see	339.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
8-Oxotetrahydrothalifendine	470416	Click to see	339.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
DL-Tetrahydropalmatine	5417	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(CC3C4=CC(=C(C=C4CCN3C2)OC)OC)C=C1)OC	355.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Epiberberine	160876	Click to see	336.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1984-09-2071
Stepharanine	10358881	Click to see	324.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Stepholidine	6917970	Click to see	327.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1984-09-2071
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives
2-Cyclohexen-1-one, 3-phenyl-, oxime	9577267	Click to see C1CC(=CC(=NO)C1)C2=CC=CC=C2	187.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Diphenylethers
4',5-Diformyl-2-methoxydiphenylether	11065027	Click to see	256.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Naphthalenes
3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-14-methyl-14-azatetracyclo[8.6.0.01,13.02,7]hexadeca-2(7),3,5,8,10-pentaen-12-one	74941880	Click to see CN1CCC23C1C(=O)C=C2C=CC4=C3C(=C(C=C4)OC)O	283.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TETLET.2009.05.040
Sinoracutine	44179675	Click to see	283.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TETLET.2009.05.040
> Benzenoids / Naphthalenes / Naphthalenecarboxylic acids and derivatives
ethyl (7R)-3-hydroxy-7-prop-1-en-2-yl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxylate	10491586	Click to see	260.33	unknown	via CMAUP database
methyl (7R)-3-hydroxy-7-prop-1-en-2-yl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxylate	10490645	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2=C(C1)C(=CC(=C2)O)C(=O)OC	246.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives
(1R,9S)-3-hydroxy-4,13-dimethoxy-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),3,5,10,13-pentaen-12-one	12313592	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(CC3C4=CC(=O)C(=CC42CCN3)OC)C=C1)O	313.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050112+
3-Hydroxy-4,13-dimethoxy-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),3,5,10,13-pentaen-12-one	12313590	Click to see	313.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050112+
3-Hydroxy-4,13-dimethoxy-17-methyl-17-azatetracyclo(7.5.3.01,10.02,7)heptadeca-2(7),3,5,10,13-pentaen-12-one	625160	Click to see	327.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050112+
Salutaridine	5408233	Click to see CN1CCC23C=C(C(=O)C=C2C1CC4=C3C(=C(C=C4)OC)O)OC	327.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Salutaridine, (-)-	821366	Click to see	327.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050112+
> Benzenoids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives / Aristolochic acids and derivatives
Aristolochic acid	2236	Click to see COC1=CC=CC2=C3C(=C(C=C21)[N+](=O)[O-])C(=CC4=C3OCO4)C(=O)O	341.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
Aristolochic Acid Ii	108168	Click to see	311.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
2-Propenal, 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-	9984	Click to see	178.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
Feruloyltyramine	5280537	Click to see	313.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85525-V
> Benzenoids / Tetralins
Ligudentatol	11009001	Click to see	202.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
Liguhodgsonal	14681764	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2=C(C1)C(=CC(=C2)O)C=O	216.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ligujapone	5325815	Click to see	216.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds
(10S,23S)-18,28,36-trimethoxy-9,24-dimethyl-2,16-dioxa-9,24-diazaheptacyclo[21.6.2.23,6.212,15.117,21.05,10.027,31]hexatriaconta-1(29),3(36),4,6(35),12(34),13,15(33),17,19,21(32),27,30-dodecaen-29-ol	74787556	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C3C=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=CC(=C(C(=C7CCN6C)OC)O)O3)OC)OC	608.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Fangchinoline	73481	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C3C=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=C(O3)C(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)O)OC)OC	608.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Phaeanthine	73664	Click to see	622.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Tetrandrine	73078	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C3C=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=C(O3)C(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)OC)OC)OC	622.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans
(-) Syringaresinol	332426	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C2C3COC(C3CO2)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC)O)OC	418.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(-)-Syringaresinol	11604108	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C2C3COC(C3CO2)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC)O)OC	418.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Syringaresinol	100067	Click to see	418.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Syringaresinol, (+)-	443023	Click to see	418.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan glycosides
Acanthoside D	442830	Click to see	742.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Lappaconitine-type diterpenoid alkaloids
(3S,6S,9S,13S,17S)-11-ethyl-4,6-dimethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecane-3,8,9,13,14,16-hexol	5321327	Click to see CCN1CC2(C(CC(C34C2CC(C31)(C5(CC(C6CC4C5(C6OC)O)OC)O)O)O)O)O	441.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
Caryophyllene	5281515	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C2CC(C2CC1)(C)C	204.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eudesmane, isoeudesmane or cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids
Ligucyperonol	14681770	Click to see CC1=C2CC(CCC2(C(CC1=O)O)C)C(=C)C	234.33	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Germacrane sesquiterpenoids
(1S,2R,4R,7R,9R,12S)-4,9-dimethyl-13-methylidene-3,8-dioxatetracyclo[10.3.0.02,4.07,9]pentadecan-14-one	44566928	Click to see CC12CCC3C(CC(=O)C3=C)C4C(O4)(CCC1O2)C	262.34	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
beta-Alnincanol	14633152	Click to see CC(C)C1(CCC(O1)(C)C2CCC3(C2CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C)C	458.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85525-V
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Guaianolides and derivatives
(3As,6R,6Ar,9R,9As,9Bs)-6,9-Dihydroxy-6,9-Dimethyl-3-Methylenedecahydroazuleno(4,5-B)Furan-2(9Bh)-One	5319198	Click to see	266.33	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Sphingolipids / Ceramides / Long-chain ceramides
N-(1,3,4,5-tetrahydroxytetracosan-2-yl)octadecanamide	11354458	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C(C(C(CO)NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)O)O)O	684.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050112+ https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.88.10_1286
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Androstane steroids / Androgens and derivatives
16-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	53399246	Click to see	414.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid esters / Cholesteryl esters
Cholesteryl laurate	102182	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1CCC2(C3CCC4(C(C3CC=C2C1)CCC4C(C)CCCC(C)C)C)C	569.00	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see	414.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3S,8R,9R,10S,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5S)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	636741	Click to see	414.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-Hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one	160608	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2C(=O)C=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	428.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
6beta-Hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one	9823926	Click to see	428.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Npc196776	50930798	Click to see	410.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acid derivatives / Carboxylic acid esters / Methyl esters
Methyl propionate	11124	Click to see CCC(=O)OC	88.11	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
Clivoline	5284370	Click to see	405.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ligularidine	6440207	Click to see CC=C1CC(C(C(=O)OCC2=CCN(CCC(C2=O)OC1=O)C)(C)OC(=O)C)C	407.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Neoligularidine	6440920	Click to see	407.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Hydroxy acids and derivatives / Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives
CID 19789253	19789253	Click to see	90.08	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glucosinolates / Alkylglucosinolates
[(E)-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]sulfanylethylidene]amino] sulfate	9601114	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CC(=NOS(=O)(=O)[O-])SC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O	424.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
(2Z)-2-[(4S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene]acetonitrile	6440400	Click to see C1C(C=CC(=CC#N)C1OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O	313.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85525-V
5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	9949818	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=COC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)O)O)O	340.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Ethers / Diarylethers
Curine	253793	Click to see	594.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Azaspirodecane derivatives
[(1R,3'R,4R,6R,7S,11Z)-3',6,7,14-tetramethyl-3,8,17-trioxospiro[2,9-dioxa-14-azabicyclo[9.5.1]heptadec-11-ene-4,2'-oxirane]-7-yl] acetate	20839444	Click to see CC1CC2(C(O2)C)C(=O)OC3CCN(CC=C(C3=O)COC(=O)C1(C)OC(=O)C)C	423.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans
(6R,7aR)-6-hydroxy-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-1-benzofuran-2-one	102386464	Click to see C1CC2=CC(=O)OC2CC1O	154.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85525-V
(6R,7aS)-6-hydroxy-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-1-benzofuran-2-one	11423705	Click to see C1CC2=CC(=O)OC2CC1O	154.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85525-V
2(6H)-Benzofuranone, 7,7a-dihydro-6-hydroxy-, (6S,7aR)-	155054	Click to see C1C(C=CC2=CC(=O)OC21)O	152.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85525-V
6-hydroxy-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-1-benzofuran-2-one	72956251	Click to see C1CC2=CC(=O)OC2CC1O	154.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85525-V
6-hydroxy-7,7a-dihydro-6H-1-benzofuran-2-one	15927878	Click to see C1C(C=CC2=CC(=O)OC21)O	152.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85525-V
Aquilegiolide	185347	Click to see	152.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85525-V
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans / Benzofuranones
2-Hydroxyplatyphyllide	14681766	Click to see	230.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Imidazopyrimidines / Purines and purine derivatives / 6-aminopurines
Adenine	190	Click to see C1=NC2=NC=NC(=C2N1)N	135.13	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Imidazopyrimidines / Purines and purine derivatives / Xanthines
Caffeine	2519	Click to see CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C(=O)N2C)C	194.19	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957456
Paraxanthine	4687	Click to see	180.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoquinolines and derivatives / Benzylisoquinolines
1-benzyl-6-methoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline;6-methoxy-1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-7-ol;dihydrate	53399207	Click to see	616.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Delta valerolactones
methyl (2S,3R,5E)-5-ethylidene-2,3-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylate	10889206	Click to see	212.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives
N-feruloyltyramine; Moupinamide	125213	Click to see	313.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85525-V
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Macrolides and analogues
(1R,4Z,6R,7S,11S,17R)-4-ethylidene-7-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-2,9-dioxa-14-azatricyclo[9.5.1.014,17]heptadecane-3,8-dione	6347543	Click to see	337.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,4Z,6R,7S,11S,17R)-4-ethylidene-7-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-2,9-dioxa-14-azatricyclo[9.5.1.014,17]heptadecane-3,8-dione	98178717	Click to see	337.40	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Sinomenium acutum

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