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Xyris indica

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID6440120245ac4543759657
Scientific name Xyris indica
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 42 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
Wood from Bursera species, notably B. graveolens and B. glabrifolia, is used for furniture, small carvings, and turnery. Aromatic essential oils are produced by steam distillation of heartwood or wood shavings, and a copal-type resin is harvested from some taxa for varnish and adhesive applications.

Industrial and craft applications:
Bursera resins are employed as rosin-like materials in varnishes and adhesives. Non-volatile resin fractions provide hardness and solvent resistance; the mixtures include triterpenoids such as α- and β-amyrin, lupeol, and dammaradienone, which contribute to film formation and adhesion properties. The essential oil is used in fragrance compositions and resin blends.

Wood and fiber:
The timber is hard, with a fine to medium texture. Durable heartwood is used for interior items, carvings, and turnery, where its natural oil content and extractives improve dimensional stability and resistance to insects.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
The heartwood essential oil is used in perfumery and fragrance applications. Typical components (subject to geographical origin and chemotype) include aliphatic aldehydes, sesquiterpenes such as α-humulene and δ-cadinene, and other monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes.

Properties relevant to use:
Resin properties reflect a complex mixture of resin acids and pentacyclic triterpenes (α-/β-amyrin, lupeol, dammaradienone) that confer hardness and film integrity to varnish systems. Heartwood oils contain constituents imparting characteristic aromatic notes suitable for fragrance applications.

Standards and regulation:
Resin and oil quality may be assessed for acid value, saponification value, peroxide value, and refractive index; such specifications guide acceptance in industrial and fragrance sectors. Exports and trade of some Bursera timbers and derivatives may be subject to national regulations and international listing (CITES Appendices) in producing jurisdictions.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Most material originates from wild-harvested trees in dry forests and secondary vegetation. Sustainable practices emphasize selective harvesting, community-based management, and supply-chain documentation to mitigate over-exploitation of slow-growing species and protect associated habitats.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Ramotha vera Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2: 15 (1837)
Xyris calocephala Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 527 (1857)
Xyris capito Hance J. Bot. 14: 262 (1876)
Xyris paludosa R.Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. : 256 (1810)
Xyris robusta Mart. Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 30 (1832)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English slender yelloweyed grass
Arabic زيرون هندي
Thai กระถินทุ่ง
Thai กระถินนา
Thai หญ้าขี้กลาก
Thai หญ้าบัว
Chinese 黄眼草
Chinese 黃眼草

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Assam
      • Bangladesh
      • East Himalaya
      • India
      • Sri Lanka
    • Indo-China
      • Andaman Islands
      • Cambodia
      • Laos
      • Myanmar
      • Thailand
      • Vietnam
    • Malesia
      • Jawa
      • Malaya
      • Philippines
      • Sumatera
  • Australasia
    • Australia
      • Northern Territory
      • Queensland
      • Western Australia

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000611531
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:269971-2
The Plant List kew-272754
Open Tree Of Life 3964684
NCBI Taxonomy 2919641
IUCN Red List 194171
IPNI 269971-2
iNaturalist 369325
GBIF 2692701
EPPO XYRIN
EOL 985654
USDA GRIN 451056
CMAUP NPO23211

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Unprecedented variation pattern of plastid genomes and the potential role in adaptive evolution in Poales Wu H, Li DZ, Ma PF BMC Biol 29-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11057118
doi:10.1186/s12915-024-01890-5
PMID:38679718
PhICl2-Mediated Regioselective and Electrophilic Oxythio/Selenocyanation of o-(1-Alkynyl)benzoates: Access to Biologically Active S/SeCN-Containing Isocoumarins Tao S, Huo A, Gao Y, Zhang X, Yang J, Du Y Front Chem 18-May-2022
PMCID:PMC9158338
doi:10.3389/fchem.2022.859995
PMID:35665060
Status and consolidated list of threatened medicinal plants of India Gowthami R, Sharma N, Pandey R, Agrawal A Genet Resour Crop Evol 25-May-2021
PMCID:PMC8148398
doi:10.1007/s10722-021-01199-0
PMID:34054223
Isocoumarins from Xyris indica Nijsiri Ruangrungsi, Toshikazu Sekine, Thatree Phadungcharoen, Suchada Suriyagan, Isamu Murakoshi Elsevier BV 01-May-2003
doi:10.1016/0031-9422(94)00714-5

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives
Syringic Acid 10742 Click to see 198.17 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
Syringaldehyde 8655 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C=O 182.17 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans
Sesamin 72307 Click to see C1C2C(COC2C3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4)C(O1)C5=CC6=C(C=C5)OCO6 354.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Yangambin 443028 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)C2C3COC(C3CO2)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC)OC)OC 446.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
Linoleic Acid 5280450 Click to see 280.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
(-)-Citronellol 7793 Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C)CCO 156.26 unknown via CMAUP database
(R)-(+)-Citronellal 75427 Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C)CC=O 154.25 unknown via CMAUP database
beta-CITRONELLOL, (R)- 101977 Click to see 156.26 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
(-)-Isopulegol 170833 Click to see CC1CCC(C(C1)O)C(=C)C 154.25 unknown via CMAUP database
1Alpha,3beta,4beta-p-menthane-3,8-diol 22214620 Click to see 172.26 unknown via CMAUP database
Menthoglycol 19100 Click to see 172.26 unknown via CMAUP database
Neomenthoglycol 9920491 Click to see CC1CCC(C(C1)O)C(C)(C)O 172.26 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Quinone and hydroquinone lipids / Vitamin E compounds / Tocopherols
Vitamin E 14985 Click to see 430.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
alpha-Cadinol 10398656 Click to see CC1=CC2C(CCC(C2CC1)(C)O)C(C)C 222.37 unknown via CMAUP database
Calamenene, trans-(+)- 6429022 Click to see 202.33 unknown via CMAUP database
epi-alpha-Muurolol 3084331 Click to see 222.37 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(+)-Erythrodiol 101761 Click to see 442.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(+)-Ursolic Acid 64945 Click to see 456.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Betulinic Acid 64971 Click to see 456.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Betulonic acid 122844 Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)C)C(=O)O 454.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Morolic Acid 489944 Click to see 456.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Squalene 638072 Click to see 410.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cycloartanols and derivatives
Cycloeucalenol 101690 Click to see CC1C2CCC3C4(CCC(C4(CCC35C2(C5)CCC1O)C)C(C)CCC(=C)C(C)C)C 426.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol 222284 Click to see 414.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Daucosterin acetate 12895763 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)COC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)C)C)C(C)C 745.00 unknown via CMAUP database
Sitogluside 5742590 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C 576.80 unknown via CMAUP database
Stigmast-4-en-3-one 5484202 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C)C(C)C 412.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
Glutaric acid 743 Click to see C(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O 132.11 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Shikimic acids and derivatves
Shikimic acid 8742 Click to see C1C(C(C(C=C1C(=O)O)O)O)O 174.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones / Flavanonols
Aromadendrin 122850 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O 288.25 unknown via CMAUP database
Fustin 5317435 Click to see 288.25 unknown via CMAUP database
Garbanzol 442410 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3)O)O)O 272.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Rhamnocitrin 5320946 Click to see 300.26 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
(2R,3R)-3,4'-Dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone 10403456 Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC)C(=O)C(C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O 316.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Aromadendrin 7-methyl ether 181132 Click to see 302.28 unknown via CMAUP database
Eucalyptin 76573 Click to see CC1=C(C2=C(C(=C1OC)C)OC(=CC2=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)O 326.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isocoumarins and derivatives
5H-1,3-Dioxolo[4,5-g][2]benzopyran-5-one, 7-propyl- 11528753 Click to see 232.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00714-5
6,7-Methylenedioxy-3-(1-oxopropyl)isocoumarin 10263920 Click to see 246.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00714-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
Ellagic Acid 5281855 Click to see 302.19 unknown via CMAUP database

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