Althaea officinalis
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID644008a655591929779545 |
| Scientific name | Althaea officinalis |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl. : 686 (1753) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
Suggest a correction!
Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Among European herbalists since at least the 19th century, marshmallow root has been taken as a mild infusion for sore throats and mild coughs. The British Herbal Pharmacopoeia (1983) records doses of 2–5 g of root infusion; more recently, the British Herbal Compendium (1992) and the German Commission E monographs (Blumenthal et al., 2000) describe the use of leaf or root infusions and cold macerates for mucosal irritation of mouth, throat, and upper airways, citing both powdered root and whole herb for such teas. In classical and Mediterranean practice, the root is also decocted in warm water for catarrhal and respiratory irritation, with the cold maceration (overnight soak) of root used as a gentle demulcent for coughs and digestive discomfort (Nell, 1875). In Argentina, decoctions of leaf and root are reported for mucosal inflammation and inflammatory conditions of the respiratory tract (Hilgert et al., 2007). In Chile, the Mapuche of southern Chile traditionally employ the aerial parts in decoction for coughs and colds (Bennett et al., 2021). Externally, crushed fresh leaves or roots are used as poultices for ulcerated or inflamed skin, a practice recorded in British pharmaceutical practice and reflected in modern manuals such as the Royal Pharmaceutical Society’s Herbal Medicines (2015), while heated marshmallow roots have long been applied as emollient poultices to wounds and burns in Anglo-European tradition.
A practical preparation to make a gentle demulcent tea is a cold maceration of marshmallow root. Place 2–4 g of chopped or powdered root in 200 ml of cool or room‑temperature water and macerate, covered, for 8–12 hours; strain and sip 1–2 cups daily. This method draws out the mucilaginous polysaccharides that soothe irritated mucous membranes. The British Herbal Pharmacopoeia (1983) lists infusion doses of 2–5 g; the German Commission E monographs (Blumenthal et al., 2000) recommend 2–3 g of leaf infusion. If an alcohol tincture is preferred, the British Herbal Pharmacopoeia (1983) records a 1:5 tincture (root in 45–60% ethanol); using 20 g of root macerated in 100 ml of menstruum for 2–4 weeks yields a dose of 2–5 ml, 3 times daily. For external use, a warm root decoction can be used as a compress. Marshmallow infusions and tinctures are usually well tolerated, but keep to established doses to avoid excess bulk and laxative effects; do not use concentrated extracts alongside sedatives without medical advice; and consult a practitioner if pregnant, breastfeeding, or managing blood sugar or blood pressure concerns.
The demulcent action is attributed chiefly to the characteristic mucilaginous polysaccharides of the roots and leaves, together with flavonoids and phenolic acids that have been reported for this species (Mączka and Grabowicz, 2021). These well‑established phytochemicals plausibly explain the soothing effects on mucosa.
Marshmallow remains widely available as dried herb for teas and as a standardized extract, and controlled trials continue to evaluate its efficacy for cough and upper‑respiratory irritation (Länger et al., 2018; Wagner et al., 1984).
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Root and leaf used as flavoring (sweet–herbaceous, slightly bitter). Roots are the primary flavoring material.
- Marshmallow root extract historically used in confectionery as a foaming/softening agent; modern marshmallows are typically gelatin-based. Contemporary confectionery may include Althaea as a flavor or extract component.
Industrial and craft applications:
- Mucilaginous polysaccharides (arabinogalactans; galacturonic acid-rich) used as hydrocolloids. Functionally, they form viscous, slippery aqueous solutions that stabilize emulsions and films, serve as thickeners, and provide moisture-retention properties. Used as a viscosity regulator or stabilizing gum in foods and cosmetics; also applied as a glazing/coating base for fruit or as a seed-coating aid in limited contexts.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
- Flavoring in liqueurs and bitters, and in herbal teas (direct beverage ingredient only; no preparation instructions).
- Hydrocolloid applications include jams, syrups, bakery fillings, and ice cream base blends to adjust mouthfeel and freeze–thaw stability.
- Used to adjust gloss and film formation in coated confections.
- Employed in beverage clarification as a fining aid due to protein-binding properties (limited industrial use).
Colorants and tanning:
- No established non-medicinal colorant/tanning uses reported in reliable literature for this taxon.
Wood and fiber:
- No established timber or fiber products reported for this taxon.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
- Roots or extracts used in fragrance compositions as a sweet–herbaceous note at low dosage.
- In cosmetics and personal care, the hydrocolloid functions as a film-former, thickener, and stabilizer in leave-on and rinse-off formulations.
Properties relevant to use:
- Water-soluble mucilage with high viscosity and cohesion; pH and electrolyte sensitivity typical of anionic polysaccharides; forms films that resist brittleness and support gloss/coating properties.
Standards and regulation:
- EU: Althaea officinalis is authorized as a flavoring substance in spirits and certain food categories (quantitative use governed by good manufacturing practice or specific flavoring category rules).
- United States: Listed in the FDA’s database of substances that may be used as flavoring substances in food.
- Cosmetic: Althaea extract is listed in the International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI).
Sustainability and sourcing:
- Cultivated in temperate regions for roots and aerial parts; invasive in parts of North America; wild harvest is restricted in certain jurisdictions. Supplies are sourced from cultivated fields; impact is generally low to moderate depending on region and harvesting method.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Althaea kragujevacensis | Pančić | Fl. Serbiae 200 (1874), in clavi. |
| Althaea multiflora | Rchb. ex Regel | Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1867(Suppl.): 36 (1868) |
| Althaea officinalis subsp. micrantha | Dostál | Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 8 (1984) |
| Althaea officinalis var. pseudoarmeniaca | Polg. | |
| Althaea sublobata | Stokes | Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 530 (1812) |
| Althaea kragujevacensis | Pančić | Fl. Serbiae : 200 (1874) |
| Malva althaea | E.H.L.Krause | Deutschl. Fl. Abbild. , ed. 2, 6: 243 (1902) |
| Malva maritima | Salisb. | Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 381. 1796 [Nov-Dec 1796] |
| Malva officinalis | K.F.Schimp. & Spenn. | Fl. Friburg. 3: 885 (1829) |
| Althaea balearica | Rodriguez | Fl. Menorca : 24 (1904) |
| Althaea pulchra | Klotzsch | Bot. Ergebn. Reise Waldemar : 112 (1862) |
| Althaea officinalis var. vulgaris | Alef. | |
| Althaea officinalis var. thirkeana | Alef. | |
| Althaea officinalis subsp. indica | Baker f. | |
| Althaea officinalis var. pallida | Regel & Herder | |
| Althaea officinalis var. rotundifolia | Gray | |
| Althaea officinalis var. obtusiuscula | H.C.Hall ex Lej. | |
| Althaea officinalis var. obtusifolia | Vayr. |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | common marshmallow |
| English | marsh-mallow |
| English | marshmallow |
| English | marsh mallow |
| Spanish | bismalva |
| Spanish | malvavisco |
| Spanish | camarmaje |
| Spanish | hierba canamera |
| Spanish | hierba cañamera |
| Spanish | hierbacañamera |
| Spanish | lavaradisco |
| Spanish | malbaxuni |
| Spanish | malbaxuri |
| Spanish | malvavisco comun |
| Spanish | malvavisco común |
| Spanish | malvavizco |
| Spanish | vivisco |
| Spanish | yerba cañamera |
| ab | Адоуҟәыд |
| Arabic | خبيز |
| Arabic | ختمية طبية |
| Arabic | خطمية |
| Azerbaijani | dərman gülxətmi |
| Azerbaijani | dərman bəlğəmotu |
| ba | Алтей үләне |
| Belarusian | Алтэя лекавая |
| Bulgarian | Божа ръчица |
| Bulgarian | Бял слез |
| Bulgarian | Бяла ружа |
| Bulgarian | Волово око |
| Bulgarian | Дива ружа |
| Bulgarian | Лигавка |
| Bulgarian | Просвирняк |
| Bulgarian | Пъртенка |
| Bulgarian | лечебна ружа |
| Bosnian | bijeli sljez |
| Catalan | malví |
| Czech | proskurník lékařský |
| Czech | slézová růže |
| cv | Сиплĕ шăпăр курăкĕ |
| Welsh | hokys y gors |
| Welsh | hocysen y morfa |
| German | echter eibisch |
| German | gebräuchlicher eibisch |
| German | samtapfel |
| Esperanto | kuracalteo |
| Esperanto | oficina alteo |
| Estonian | harilik altee |
| Basque | malba zuri |
| Persian | پنیرک پفنبات |
| Finnish | rohtosalkoruusu |
| French | guimauve officinale |
| Irish | leamhach |
| Hebrew | נטופית רפואית |
| Croatian | bijeli sljez |
| Upper Sorbian | lěkarska popla |
| Hungarian | fehérmályva |
| Hungarian | orvosi ziliz |
| Hungarian | orvosi zilíz |
| Armenian | Տուղտ դեղատու |
| Indonesian | panirak paya |
| Italian | l’altea comune |
| Italian | altea, malvone |
| Japanese | ウスベニタチアオイ |
| Kabyle | bineṣaṛ |
| Kazakh | Аптекалық жалбызтікен |
| Korean | 마시멜로 |
| Cornish | malow keunek |
| Lithuanian | vaistinė svilarožė |
| Macedonian | Бел слез |
| Malayalam | അൽതീ ഒഫിഷിനാലിസ് |
| Norwegian Bokmål | legestokkrose |
| Dutch | echte heemst |
| Dutch | heemst |
| os | Галсыф |
| Polish | prawoślaz lekarski |
| Romanian | nalbă mare |
| Russian | алтей аптечный |
| Russian | алтей лекарственный |
| Russian | алтейный корень |
| Russian | дикий мак |
| Russian | василистник |
| Russian | просвирник |
| Russian | пряничек |
| Russian | дикая роза |
| Russian | проскурняк аптечный |
| Russian | слизник |
| Serbo-Croatian | beli slez |
| Serbo-Croatian | bijeli sljez |
| Slovak | ibiš lekársky |
| Slovenian | ajbiž |
| Slovenian | beli popelj |
| Slovenian | navadni slez |
| Serbian | Бијели сљез |
| Serbian | Слез бели |
| Serbian | Трандафил |
| Serbian | бели слез |
| Swedish | läkemalva |
| Swedish | althea-rot |
| Swedish | althearot |
| Tamil | சீமைத்துத்தி |
| tg | Гули хайрӣ |
| Thai | มาร์ชแมลโลว์ |
| Turkish | ebegümecigiller |
| tt | Шифалы мәче борчагы |
| Ukrainian | Алтея лікарська |
| Chinese | 红绿草 |
| Chinese | 药葵 |
| Chinese | 药蜀葵 |
| Chinese | 藥蜀葵 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment. |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Africa click to expand
-
Northern Africa
- Algeria
- Tunisia
-
Northern Africa
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Caucasus
- North Caucasus
- Transcaucasus
-
China
- Xinjiang
-
Middle Asia
- Kazakhstan
- Kirgizstan
- Tadzhikistan
- Turkmenistan
- Uzbekistan
-
Russian Far East
- Primorye
-
Siberia
- Altay
- Krasnoyarsk
- West Siberia
-
Western Asia
- Afghanistan
- Iran
- Iraq
- Lebanon-Syria
- Palestine
- Turkey
-
Caucasus
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- Pakistan
- West Himalaya
-
Indian Subcontinent
-
Europe click to expand
-
Eastern Europe
- Baltic States
- Belarus
- Central European Russia
- East European Russia
- Krym
- South European Russia
- Ukraine
-
Middle Europe
- Austria
- Belgium
- Czechoslovakia
- Germany
- Hungary
- Netherlands
- Poland
- Switzerland
-
Northern Europe
- Denmark
- Great Britain
- Ireland
-
Southeastern Europe
- Albania
- Bulgaria
- Greece
- Italy
- Romania
- Sicilia
- Turkey-in-Europe
- Yugoslavia
-
Southwestern Europe
- Corse
- France
- Portugal
- Sardegna
- Spain
-
Eastern Europe
-
Northern America click to expand
-
Eastern Canada
- New Brunswick
- Ontario
- Québec
-
North-central U.S.A.
- Minnesota
- Nebraska
- North Dakota
- Wisconsin
-
Northeastern U.S.A.
- Connecticut
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- New Jersey
- New York
- Ohio
- Pennsylvania
-
Southeastern U.S.A.
- Arkansas
- Delaware
- Kentucky
- Virginia
-
Eastern Canada
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000529011 |
| UNII | 8SG7244265 |
| Canadensys | 6617 |
| USDA Plants | ALOF2 |
| Tropicos | 19601250 |
| INPN | 81856 |
| Flora of Italy | 3128 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:558872-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2631597 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 282618 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 643492 |
| Observations.org | 2334 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 145745 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0000003139 |
| Nature Serve | 2.157972 |
| IPNI | 558872-1 |
| iNaturalist | 52565 |
| GBIF | 3152520 |
| Freebase | /m/04ccpf |
| WisFlora | 8015 |
| EPPO | ALGOF |
| EOL | 584767 |
| Elurikkus | 2704 |
| USDA GRIN | 2721 |
| Wikipedia | Althaea_officinalis |
| CMAUP | NPO21924 |
| Plantarium | 2417 |
| PFAF | Althaea officinalis |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives | |||||
| 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 135 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O | 138.12 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960092 |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives | |||||
| Syringic Acid | 10742 | Click to see | 198.17 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1080/01483919008049590 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960092 |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Vanillic Acid | 8468 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O | 168.15 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1080/01483919008049590 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960092 |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Salicylic acid and derivatives / Salicylic acids | |||||
| Salicylic Acid | 338 | Click to see | 138.12 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1080/01483919008049590 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960092 |
| > Benzenoids / Phenols / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids | |||||
| Hydroxyphenylacetic acid | 127 | Click to see | 152.15 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1080/01483919008049590 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960092 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids | |||||
| 2-Hexadecenoic acid | 5282743 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCC=CC(=O)O | 254.41 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01165189 |
| 2-Hexadecenoic acid | 152802 | Click to see | 254.41 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01165189 |
| Eicosanoic Acid | 10467 | Click to see | 312.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01165189 |
| Heptadecanoic Acid | 10465 | Click to see | 270.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01165189 |
| Myristic Acid | 11005 | Click to see | 228.37 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01165189 |
| Palmitic Acid | 985 | Click to see | 256.42 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01165189 |
| Stearic Acid | 5281 | Click to see | 284.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01165189 |
| trans-6-Octadecenoic acid | 5282754 | Click to see | 282.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01165189 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Lauric Acid | 3893 | Click to see | 200.32 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01165189 |
| Nonanoic Acid | 8158 | Click to see CCCCCCCCC(=O)O | 158.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01165189 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Very long-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Behenic Acid | 8215 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O | 340.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01165189 |
| Erucic Acid | 5281116 | Click to see | 338.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01165189 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Linoleic Acid | 5280450 | Click to see CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O | 280.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01165189 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids | |||||
| N,N,N-trimethylglycinium | 248 | Click to see | 118.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Hexoses | |||||
| (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal | 3037556 | Click to see C(C(C(C(C(C=O)O)O)O)O)O | 180.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides | |||||
| (1R,3S,5S,6R,7S,8R,10R,12S,13R,14R)-7-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6,13,14-trihydroxy-12-methyl-2,4,9,11-tetraoxatricyclo[8.4.0.03,8]tetradecane-5-carboxylic acid | 162842866 | Click to see | 498.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(88)84101-6 |
| 7-(6-Carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-6,13,14-trihydroxy-12-methyl-2,4,9,11-tetraoxatricyclo[8.4.0.03,8]tetradecane-5-carboxylic acid | 162842865 | Click to see | 498.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(88)84101-6 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar acids and derivatives / Glucuronic acid derivatives | |||||
| (1R,3S,5S,6R,7S,8R,10R,12S,13R,14R)-6,7,13,14-tetrahydroxy-12-methyl-2,4,9,11-tetraoxatricyclo[8.4.0.03,8]tetradecane-5-carboxylic acid | 162953603 | Click to see | 322.26 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(88)84101-6 |
| 6,7,13,14-Tetrahydroxy-12-methyl-2,4,9,11-tetraoxatricyclo[8.4.0.03,8]tetradecane-5-carboxylic acid | 162953602 | Click to see CC1C(C(C2C(O1)OC3C(C(C(OC3O2)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O | 322.26 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(88)84101-6 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoindoles and derivatives / Isoindolines / Isoindolones | |||||
| Cichorine | 442849 | Click to see CC1=C(C=C2C(=C1OC)CNC2=O)O | 193.20 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630189 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids | |||||
| Caffeic Acid | 689043 | Click to see | 180.16 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960092 |
| Ferulic Acid | 445858 | Click to see | 194.18 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960092 |
| P-Coumaric Acid | 637542 | Click to see | 164.16 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960092 |
| Sinapinic acid | 637775 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C=CC(=O)O | 224.21 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/01483919008049590 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives | |||||
| Coumarin | 323 | Click to see | 146.14 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630189 |
| Methylumbelliferone | 10748 | Click to see | 176.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630189 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Coumarin glycosides | |||||
| 6-Hydroxyskimmin | 5088914 | Click to see | 340.28 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630189 |
| 6-Methoxy-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-2-one | 346340 | Click to see | 354.31 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630189 |
| 7-Hydroxy-6-(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxan-2-Yl)Oxychromen-2-One | 5351506 | Click to see | 340.28 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630189 |
| Cichoriin | 442101 | Click to see | 340.28 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630189 |
| Esculin | 5281417 | Click to see C1=CC(=O)OC2=CC(=C(C=C21)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O | 340.28 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630189 |
| Scopolin | 439514 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C=CC(=O)O2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O | 354.31 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630189 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins | |||||
| Isoscopoletin | 69894 | Click to see | 192.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630189 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 6,7-dihydroxycoumarins | |||||
| Esculetin | 5281416 | Click to see | 178.14 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630189 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins | |||||
| Scopoletin | 5280460 | Click to see | 192.17 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960092 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630189 |
| Umbelliferone | 5281426 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC2=C1C=CC(=O)O2)O | 162.14 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630189 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid 3-O-p-coumaroyl glycosides | |||||
| Tiliroside | 5320686 | Click to see | 594.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88531-9 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides | |||||
| Spiraeoside | 5320844 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O | 464.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02319718 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one | 51402807 | Click to see | 464.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88531-9 |
| Astragalin | 5282102 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O | 448.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88531-9 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-8-O-glycosides | |||||
| [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-8-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] hydrogen sulfate | 163056015 | Click to see | 542.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960092 |
| 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-8-((6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | 13988634 | Click to see | 626.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88531-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02319718 |
| Hypolaetin 8-O-beta-D-glucoside | 44258591 | Click to see | 464.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960092 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88531-9 |
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