Populus nigra
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64403688a8e37592458536 |
| Scientific name | Populus nigra |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl. : 1034 (1753) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
Suggest a correction!
Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Among the Mapuche of southern Chile, dried Populus nigra buds have been used to make a mild tea taken to ease coughs and sore throats (Bennett et al., 2021). In German-speaking lands, bud infusions or decoctions are also popular for coughs, while the inner bark is taken as a tea for mild urinary complaints (ESCOP Monographs, 2003; European Medicines Agency, 2016). In French folk medicine, poplar buds macerated in alcohol have been used topically for minor muscle pains, and bud teas have been used for respiratory comfort (Valnet, 1990). In mountainous parts of the Balkans, bud syrups and teas have been used for colds (Jarić et al., 2015). Across these regions the plant parts employed are the winter buds, young twigs, and inner bark.
A practical cold‑relief bud tea: crush or roughly grind 1–2 g of dried buds and infuse in 250 mL of freshly boiled water for 10–15 minutes; strain and sip 1–3 cups daily, typically for up to two weeks (ESCOP Monographs, 2003; European Medicines Agency, 2016). For a 1:5 ethanol tincture, macerate 100 g dried buds in 500 mL of 45% ethanol for 2–3 weeks, shaking daily, then filter; a common internal dose is 20–30 drops in water up to three times a day (ESCOP Monographs, 2003). If a stronger preparation is desired, a 1:2 fluidextract can be made by macerating 100 g buds in 200 mL 45% ethanol for 3–4 weeks; typical dose is 10–20 drops in water 2–3 times daily (Barker, 2001). Avoid if allergic to aspirin or salicylates, during pregnancy or lactation, and if you are taking anticoagulants or have salicylate intolerance. Children should not use concentrated tinctures.
The well‑established constituents that plausibly underlie these uses are salicylates such as populin and populoside, phenolic glycosides including chrysin and galangin, flavonoids, and essential oil phenolics such as eugenol and β‑caryophyllene; together these are recognized anti‑inflammatory, spasmolytic, and antimicrobial agents in this species (ESCOP Monographs, 2003; van Wyk and Wink, 2015).
Buds remain widely available in European herbal commerce for colds, while bud tinctures and topical balms are sold as traditional herbal remedies; modern clinical data are limited but ongoing laboratory studies confirm the anti‑inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of these bud constituents (EMA, 2016; ESCOP Monographs, 2003).
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Plywood, veneer, sawn timber, laminated veneer lumber; packaging and crates; particleboard and fiberboard.
- Match splints/blocks.
- Pulpwood for papermaking (mechanical, thermomechanical, and kraft pulp).
Industrial and craft applications:
- Paper and paperboard: Populus nigra wood yields short-fiber pulp suitable for printing grades, packaging paper, and molded pulp products. It is also used for tissue in some European mills.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
None documented specifically for Populus nigra.
Colorants and tanning:
None documented specifically for Populus nigra.
Wood and fiber:
- Wood is lightweight and straight-grained, with low resin and good nail/screw holding; suitable for interior joinery, furniture, and light construction. Properties include low specific gravity (~0.35–0.45), moderate dimensional change, and moderate hardness for poplars.
- Rapid growth yields logs suitable for short-rotation veneer, plywood, and pulp.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
None documented specifically for Populus nigra.
Properties relevant to use:
- Wood characteristics: low to moderate specific gravity; short, even fibers aiding papermaking; low resin content conducive to clean burning for matches.
- Genetic resources: Populus nigra serves as a model organism and reference species in genomics for fast-growing trees; a reference genome is available in community databases.
Standards and regulation:
- Paper testing may reference established pulp and paper standards (e.g., ISO brightness/tap standards such as ISO 2470; ISO 1762 for ash; ISO 638 for moisture).
- Wood and plywood may follow national or regional grading and safety standards for furniture and interior joinery.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- Widely cultivated in Europe for short-rotation forestry and riparian plantings, providing wood and bioenergy while supporting erosion control. Sustainable sourcing is commonly supported through plantation management and certified forestry programs where available.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Populus dilatata | Aiton | Hort. Kew. 3: 406 (1789) |
| Populus caudina | Ten. | Fl. Napol. 5: 280 (1836) |
| Populus thevestina | Dode | Extr. Monogr. Ined. Populus : 52 (1905) |
| Populus neapolitana | Ten. | Fl. Napol. 5: 279 (1836) |
| Populus italica | Du Roi | Harbk. ii. 141. |
| Aigiros nigra | Nieuwl. | Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 222 (1914) |
| Populus pyramidalis | Rozier | Cours Compl. Agric. 7: 617. 1786 |
| Populus fastigiata var. plantierensis | Simon-Louis | Unknown |
| Populus nigra var. elegans | Bailey | Unknown |
| Populus nigra var. caudina | (Ten.) Nyman | Consp. Fl. Eur. 664 1881 |
| Populus nigra var. neapolitana | (Ten.) Nyman | Consp. Fl. Eur. 664 1881 |
| Populus nigra var. italica | Münchh. | Hausvater 5: 229 (1770) |
| Populus nigra var. thevestina | (Dode) Bean | Not. Trees & Shrubs 2: 217 1914 |
| Populus flexibilis | Rozier | Cours Compl. Agric. 7: 618 (1786) |
| Populus nigra subsp. flexibilis | Kamelin | |
| Populus nigra subsp. pyramidalis | Čelak. | |
| Populus sosnowskyi | Grossh. | Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 10: 2. 1941 ; Not. Syst. (Tbilisi) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | black poplar |
| English | black populars |
| Spanish | Álamo negro |
| Spanish | alamo de italia |
| Spanish | Álamo de italia |
| Spanish | alamo lombardo |
| Spanish | Álamo lombardo |
| Spanish | alamo negrillo |
| Spanish | alamo negro |
| Spanish | chopo comun |
| Spanish | chopo de lombardia |
| Spanish | chopo de lombardía |
| Spanish | chopo mosquitero |
| Spanish | chopo piramidal |
| Spanish | choupo |
| an | coble |
| an | chop |
| an | choplo |
| an | chopo |
| an | chopo negro |
| an | coblle |
| an | cople |
| an | coplle |
| an | copllie |
| an | coplo |
| an | xop |
| an | xopo |
| Arabic | حور أسود |
| Arabic | حور حموي |
| Arabic | حور فارسي |
| av | Чараналъул гъветi |
| av | Чараналъул гъветӀ |
| Azerbaijani | qaraqovaq |
| azb | قاراقوْواق |
| Belarusian | Ясакар |
| Belarusian | Таполя чорная |
| Bulgarian | Черна топола |
| Bosnian | crna topola |
| Catalan | pollancre ver |
| co | piopu |
| co | piobu |
| Czech | topol černý |
| Welsh | poplysen ddu |
| Danish | sort poppel |
| Danish | sortpoppel |
| German | schwarz-pappel |
| German | schwarzpappel |
| German | saarbaum |
| Estonian | must pappel |
| Basque | makal beltz |
| Persian | شالک |
| Persian | درخت تبریزی |
| Finnish | mustapoppeli |
| French | peuplier noir |
| Irish | poibleog lombardach |
| Irish | poibleog dhubh |
| Galician | lamigueiro negro |
| grc | αἴγειρος |
| Hebrew | צפצפה שחורה |
| Croatian | crna topola |
| Upper Sorbian | Čorny topoł |
| Hungarian | fekete nyárfa |
| Hungarian | fekete nyár |
| Armenian | Բարդի սև |
| Indonesian | hawar hitam |
| Icelandic | svartösp |
| Italian | pioppo nero |
| Japanese | セイヨウハコヤナギ |
| Georgian | ალვის ხე |
| Georgian | ოფი |
| Kazakh | Бәйтерек ағаш |
| Kazakh | Бәйтерек |
| Kazakh | Мырзатерек |
| Korean | 흑양 |
| lb | schwaarz pëppel |
| Lithuanian | juodoji tuopa |
| Latvian | piramidālā papele |
| Macedonian | Црна топола |
| nap | puokkië |
| Norwegian Bokmål | svartpoppel |
| Dutch | zwarte populier |
| Dutch | europese zwarte populier |
| Polish | topola czarna |
| Polish | sokora |
| pms | arbra nèira |
| Portuguese | Álamo-negro |
| Romansh | trembel nair |
| Romanian | plop negru |
| Russian | Тополь чёрный |
| Russian | осокорь |
| Russian | тополь черный |
| Russian | чёрный тополь |
| Samogitian | juovars |
| Slovenian | črni topol |
| Albanian | plepi i zi |
| Serbian | Црна топола |
| Swedish | svartpoppel |
| Swedish | italiensk pelarpoppel |
| Swedish | pyramidpoppel |
| Turkish | kara kavak |
| udm | Сьӧд тополь |
| ug | قارا تېرەك |
| Ukrainian | Тополя чорна |
| Ukrainian | осокір |
| Ukrainian | Осокор |
| Uzbek | afg'on teragi |
| Uzbek | afg‘on teragi |
| Uzbek | afg`on teragi |
| Uzbek | afgʻon teragi |
| Uzbek | mirzaterak |
| Chinese | 钻天杨 |
| Chinese | 箭杆杨 |
| Chinese | 黑杨 |
| Chinese | 黑楊 |
Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Populus nigra subsp. betulifolia | (Pursh) W.Wettst. ex Buttler & Hand | Kochia 2: 46. 2007 [19 Dec 2007] |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Africa click to expand
-
Macaronesia
- Azores
- Canary Islands
- Madeira
-
Northern Africa
- Algeria
- Libya
- Morocco
- Tunisia
-
Southern Africa
- Cape Provinces
- Free State
- Kwazulu-Natal
- Lesotho
- Northern Provinces
-
Macaronesia
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Caucasus
- North Caucasus
- Transcaucasus
-
China
- Inner Mongolia
- Xinjiang
-
Eastern Asia
- Japan
- Korea
-
Middle Asia
- Kazakhstan
- Turkmenistan
- Uzbekistan
-
Siberia
- Altay
- Krasnoyarsk
- West Siberia
-
Western Asia
- East Aegean Islands
- Iraq
- Lebanon-Syria
- Turkey
-
Caucasus
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- East Himalaya
- Pakistan
- West Himalaya
-
Indo-China
- Vietnam
-
Indian Subcontinent
-
Australasia click to expand
-
Australia
- New South Wales
- Queensland
- South Australia
- Tasmania
- Victoria
-
Australia
-
Europe click to expand
-
Eastern Europe
- Baltic States
- Central European Russia
- East European Russia
- North European Russia
- Northwest European Russia
- South European Russia
- Ukraine
-
Middle Europe
- Austria
- Belgium
- Czechoslovakia
- Germany
- Hungary
- Netherlands
- Poland
- Switzerland
-
Northern Europe
- Denmark
- Great Britain
- Ireland
- Sweden
-
Southeastern Europe
- Albania
- Bulgaria
- Greece
- Italy
- Kriti
- Romania
- Sicilia
- Yugoslavia
-
Southwestern Europe
- Corse
- France
- Portugal
- Sardegna
- Spain
-
Eastern Europe
-
Northern America click to expand
-
North-central U.S.A.
- Illinois
- Minnesota
- Wisconsin
-
Northeastern U.S.A.
- New York
- Vermont
-
South-central U.S.A.
- New Mexico
-
Southeastern U.S.A.
- Kentucky
- Maryland
-
North-central U.S.A.
-
Southern America click to expand
-
Caribbean
- Dominican Republic
- Haiti
-
Southern South America
- Argentina South
-
Western South America
- Bolivia
-
Caribbean
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000928297 |
| UNII | D3JZE55MKS |
| Flora of Alabama | 5361 |
| Canadensys | 9052 |
| USDA Plants | PONI |
| UConn | 341 |
| Tropicos | 28300007 |
| INPN | 115145 |
| Flora of Italy | 9722 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:776790-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-5000337 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 368499 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 8848 |
| Observations.org | 7232 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 3691 |
| NBN Atlas | NHMSYS0000345555 |
| Nature Serve | 2.138736 |
| IUCN Red List | 63530 |
| IPNI | 776790-1 |
| iNaturalist | 47565 |
| GBIF | 3040227 |
| Freebase | /m/03pgr9 |
| WisFlora | 4610 |
| EPPO | POPNI |
| EOL | 584265 |
| Elurikkus | 6495 |
| Calflora (Californian flora) | 10257 |
| US Library of Congress | sh88001698 |
| USDA GRIN | 29400 |
| Wikipedia | Populus_nigra |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
| Accession | Assembly | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Level | Submitter | Released | Coverage | Size | |
| GCF_951802175.1 | ddPopNigr1.1 | Chromosome | WELLCOME SANGER INSTITUTE | 2023-05-27 | 54 | 394.08 Mb |
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acids | |||||
| Benzoic Acid | 243 | Click to see | 122.12 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/JPS.3080110306 |
| > Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons | |||||
| 1-Hexacosene | 29303 | Click to see | 364.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1992-0602 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Octadecaenoic acid | 172146 | Click to see | 282.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1992-0602 |
| Octadecenoic acid | 5282750 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=CC(=O)O | 282.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1992-0602 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Succinic Acid | 1110 | Click to see | 118.09 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1992-0602 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides | |||||
| Salicin | 439503 | Click to see | 286.28 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1992-0602 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides | |||||
| Raffinose | 439242 | Click to see | 504.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617(11)81569-5 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Cinnamic acids | |||||
| Cinnamic acid | 444539 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC(=O)O | 148.16 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/JPS.3080110306 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives | |||||
| 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid | 717531 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C=CC(=O)O)OC | 208.21 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1987-9-1004 |
| Prenyl Caffeate | 5281790 | Click to see | 248.27 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50107A013 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids | |||||
| (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid | 129643359 | Click to see | 208.21 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1987-9-1004 |
| Caffeic Acid | 689043 | Click to see | 180.16 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1988-11-1201 https://doi.org/10.1002/JPS.3080110306 |
| cis-Caffeic acid | 1549111 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)O)O)O | 180.16 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1988-11-1201 |
| Ferulic Acid | 445858 | Click to see | 194.18 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/JPS.3080110306 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones | |||||
| 5,7-Dihydroxyflavanone | 238782 | Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC=CC=C3 | 256.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.3128 |
| Pinocembrin | 68071 | Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC=CC=C3 | 256.25 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1987-9-1004 https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1992-0602 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.3128 https://doi.org/10.1002/JPS.3080110306 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones / Flavanonols | |||||
| 3,5,7-Trihydroxyflavanone; Dihydrogalangin | 3519897 | Click to see | 272.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.3128 |
| Pinobanksin | 73202 | Click to see | 272.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.3128 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones | |||||
| Apigenin | 5280443 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O | 270.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1987-9-1004 |
| Chrysin | 5281607 | Click to see | 254.24 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1080/14786411003675667 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.3128 https://doi.org/10.1002/JPS.3080110306 https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1987-9-1004 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols | |||||
| Galangin | 5281616 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O | 270.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1987-9-1004 |
| Kaempferol | 5280863 | Click to see | 286.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/JPS.3080110306 |
| Quercetin | 5280343 | Click to see | 302.23 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1987-9-1004 https://doi.org/10.1002/JPS.3080110306 |
| Rhamnetin | 5281691 | Click to see | 316.26 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1987-9-1004 |
| Rhamnocitrin | 5320946 | Click to see | 300.26 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1987-9-1004 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| 3,7-Dimethoxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one | 162882693 | Click to see | 330.29 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.3128 |
| Tectochrysin | 5281954 | Click to see | 268.26 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1987-9-1004 https://doi.org/10.1080/14786411003675667 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |