Details Top

Internal ID UUID6440422109416794122022
Scientific name Caragana halodendron
Authority (Pall.) Dum.Cours.
First published in Bot. Cult.3: 513 (1802)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Industrial and craft applications:
- Semi-arid and coastal zones use Caragana halodendron as windbreaks and for erosion control and soil fixation, particularly on sandy soils, and in shelterbelts and hedgerows. Stands are maintained as living fences around fields and gardens, providing structural wind protection.
- In agroforestry systems it functions as a nurse crop and soil-stabilizing shrub, improving microclimate and reducing wind erosion.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- Its distribution occurs in steppe and semi-desert regions of Central and East Asia. Establishment is by seed, with plants tolerated as perennials in managed plantings; harvesting focuses on pruning and mowing rather than removal of plants.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Robinia halodendron Pall. Reise Russ. Reich.2: 741 (1773)
Halimodendron halodendron var. albiflorum (Kar. & Kir.) Prjech. HFR: 101, n.° 5030 (1970)
Halimodendron argenteum var. albiflorum Kar. & Kir. Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou15: 323 (1842)
Halimodendron argenteum (Lam.) DC.
Halimodendron cuspidatum Jaub. & Spach Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 18: 239 (1842)
Halimodendron emarginatum Jaub. & Spach Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 18: 239 (1842)
Halimodendron speciosum Carrière Rev. Hort. (Paris)48: 30 (1876)
Halimodendron subvirescens G.Don Gen. Hist.2: 244 (1832)
Halimodendron triflorum Willd. Handbuch [Link] 2: 201. 1831
Caragana argentea Lam. Encycl.1: 616 (1785)
Halimodendron halodendron (Pall.) Voss Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1(Index): 35 (1896)
Halimodendron argenteum Fisch. ex DC. Prodr.2: 269 (1825)
Robinia triflora L'Hér. Stirp. Nov.: 162 (1791)
Pseudo-acacia halodendron (Pall.) Moench Methodus: 145 (1794)
Halimodendron halodendron f. purpureum C.K.Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubholzk.2: 93 (1907)
Halimodendron triflorum (L'Hér.) Sweet Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 144 (1830)
Robinia halimodendron Link Handbuch 2: 201 (1831)

Common names Top

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Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

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Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0001034120
CMAUP NPO4064

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

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Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
(3R)-5,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-3,4-dihydroisochromen-1-one 10442609 Click to see CC1CC2=C(C=CC(=C2C(=O)O1)O)O 194.18 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Salicylic acid and derivatives / Salicylic acids
6-Methylsalicylic Acid 11279 Click to see 152.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzophenones
2,4,6,3',5'-Pentahydroxybenzophenone 19910294 Click to see 262.21 unknown via CMAUP database
3,4,5,3'-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone 52948815 Click to see C1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)C(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)O)O)O 246.21 unknown via CMAUP database
3',6-Dihydroxy-2,4,4'-trimethoxybenzophenone 101763992 Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(=O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2OC)OC)O)O 304.29 unknown via CMAUP database
Maclurin 68213 Click to see 262.21 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides
1-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyl)-3-ethyl-4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione 100933901 Click to see CCC1=C(C(=O)N(C1=O)C2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)C 301.29 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cycloartanols and derivatives
3beta-Hydroxy-27-norcycloarta-23-ene-25-one 21626061 Click to see CC(CC=CC(=O)C)C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C 426.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Guanidines / Biguanides
Metformin 4091 Click to see 129.16 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
Garcimangosone D 11003703 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O 392.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Cyclic ketones
Botryosphaerinone 102161310 Click to see 210.27 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Cyclic ketones / Cyclohexenones
Botryosphaeridione 44605081 Click to see CC1C(=O)C=CC2=CC(=O)C(=CC12C)O 204.22 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones
1,3,7-Trihydroxy-2-methoxyxanthone 12133315 Click to see 274.22 unknown via CMAUP database
1,3,7-Trihydroxyxanthone 5281635 Click to see 244.20 unknown via CMAUP database
1,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)xanthen-9-one 10426622 Click to see CC(C)(C=C)C1=CC(=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3)O)O)O 328.30 unknown via CMAUP database
2-(1,1-Dimethyl-2-propenyl)-1,4,5-trihydroxy-9H-xanthen-9-one 364825 Click to see 312.30 unknown via CMAUP database
BR-Xanthone B 14034125 Click to see 274.22 unknown via CMAUP database
Euxanthone 5281631 Click to see 228.20 unknown via CMAUP database
Norathyriol 5281656 Click to see 260.20 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones / 2-prenylated xanthones
1-Hydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-8-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1E-butenyl)-xanthone 5319715 Click to see 454.50 unknown via CMAUP database
1,3,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-xanthone 5495920 Click to see 312.30 unknown via CMAUP database
1,5-Dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-prenylxanthone 10449043 Click to see 326.30 unknown via CMAUP database
1,5,8-Trihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-9H-xanthen-9-one 14162674 Click to see 342.30 unknown via CMAUP database
1,6-Dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-prenylxanthone 14162675 Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3)O)OC)C 326.30 unknown via CMAUP database
1,6-Dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-8-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1E-butenyl)-xanthone 5319262 Click to see 440.50 unknown via CMAUP database
1,7-Dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-9H-xanthen-9-one 509269 Click to see 326.30 unknown via CMAUP database
2-(3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)-1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxyxanthen-9-one 72988981 Click to see 396.40 unknown via CMAUP database
5,9,11-Trihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-10-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1,2-dihydropyrano[3,2-a]xanthen-12-one 11696901 Click to see 396.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Cowagarcinone B 5316764 Click to see 356.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Garcinone B 5495928 Click to see 394.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Mangostinone 6478778 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCC1=C(C2=C(C=C1O)OC3=C(C2=O)C=CC=C3O)O)C)C 380.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Smeathxanthone A 11509473 Click to see 396.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones / 4-prenylated xanthones
1,3,8-trihydroxy-4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoyl)-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)xanthen-9-one 102234394 Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C2=C(C(=C1O)C(=O)CC(C)(C)O)OC3=CC=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)C 412.40 unknown via CMAUP database
10,16-Dihydroxy-6,6,19,19-tetramethyl-15-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5,13,18-trioxapentacyclo[12.8.0.03,12.04,9.017,22]docosa-1(22),3(12),4(9),7,10,14,16,20-octaen-2-one 71437595 Click to see 460.50 unknown via CMAUP database
5,8,9-Trihydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-10-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)pyrano[3,2-b]xanthen-6-one 10046140 Click to see 394.40 unknown via CMAUP database
8-Deoxygartanin 392450 Click to see 380.40 unknown via CMAUP database
8-Hydroxycudraxanthone G 11711264 Click to see 410.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Cudraxanthone G 42645953 Click to see 394.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Garcinone A 70689919 Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3)O)CC=C(C)C)O)C 380.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Gartanin 5281633 Click to see 396.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Mangostenone B 21672078 Click to see 462.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Tovophyllin A 42645954 Click to see 462.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Tovophyllin B 509268 Click to see 460.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Trapezifolixanthone 188341 Click to see 378.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones / 8-prenylated xanthones
(2S,3R)-3,4,8-trihydroxy-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-7-methoxy-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-b]xanthen-5-one 11546716 Click to see 442.50 unknown via CMAUP database
(3S)-3,5,9-trihydroxy-8-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-7-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3,4-dihydropyrano[3,2-b]xanthen-6-one 92448128 Click to see 426.50 unknown via CMAUP database
1-(3,3-Dimethylbutyl)-3,6,8-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-7-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)xanthen-9-one 89172625 Click to see 426.50 unknown via CMAUP database
1-Isomangostin 5281641 Click to see 410.50 unknown via CMAUP database
1,3,6,7-Tetrahydroxy-8-prenylxanthone 15307924 Click to see 328.30 unknown via CMAUP database
1,3,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-8-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-xanthone 102234393 Click to see 398.40 unknown via CMAUP database
11Alpha-Mangostanin 46880204 Click to see 426.50 unknown via CMAUP database
3-Isomangostin 13873655 Click to see 410.50 unknown via CMAUP database
3,6-Dimethylmangostin 231412 Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)OC)CC=C(C)C)OC)C 438.50 unknown via CMAUP database
4-Hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxy-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)furo[3,2-b]xanthen-5-one 101193830 Click to see 380.40 unknown via CMAUP database
6-Deoxy-gamma-mangostin 13873657 Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C=CC2=C1C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)CC=C(C)C)O)O)C 380.40 unknown via CMAUP database
7-Methoxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-8-(3-methyl-2-oxo-3-butenyl)-1,3,6-trihydroxyxanthone 69074110 Click to see 424.40 unknown via CMAUP database
9-Hydroxycalabaxanthone hydrate 56840489 Click to see 426.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Allanxanthone E 68229267 Click to see 424.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Beta-Mangostin 5495925 Click to see 424.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Cratoxyxanthone 46879489 Click to see 834.90 unknown via CMAUP database
Demethylcalabaxanthone 509270 Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C=CC2=C1C(=O)C3=C(C4=C(C=C3O2)OC(C=C4)(C)C)O)O)C 378.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Dulxanthone D 10405091 Click to see 342.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Gamma-mangostin 5464078 Click to see 396.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Garcimangosone A 10874207 Click to see 460.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Garcinone C 44159808 Click to see 414.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Garcinone D 5495926 Click to see 428.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Garcinone E 10298511 Click to see 464.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Mangostanin 5495929 Click to see 408.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Mangostenone A 509267 Click to see 460.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Mangostin 5281650 Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C2=C(C=C1O)OC3=C(C2=O)C(=C(C(=C3)O)OC)CC=C(C)C)O)C 410.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Rubraxanthone 9953366 Click to see 410.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones / Pyranoxanthones
10,22-Dihydroxy-7,7,18,18-tetramethyl-8,13,17-trioxapentacyclo[12.8.0.03,12.04,9.016,21]docosa-1(22),3(12),4(9),10,14,16(21),19-heptaen-2-one 56840488 Click to see 394.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Br-Xanthone A 13964005 Click to see 396.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Brasilixanthone B 5324261 Click to see CC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C=C3C(=C2O)C(=O)C4=C(O3)C=C(C5=C4C=CC(O5)(C)C)O)C 392.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Garcimangosone B 11143989 Click to see CC1(CCC2=C3C(=CC(=C2O1)OC)OC4=CC5=C(C=CC(O5)(C)C)C(=C4C3=O)O)C 408.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Macluraxanthone 5281646 Click to see 394.40 unknown via CMAUP database
O-Demethylforbexanthone 45269778 Click to see CC1(C=CC2=CC3=C(C(=C2O1)O)OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C 326.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Thwaitesixanthone 392169 Click to see 376.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 2-benzopyrans
(-)-(R)-Mellein 114679 Click to see 178.18 unknown via CMAUP database
cis-4-Hydroxymellein 10420140 Click to see 194.18 unknown via CMAUP database
trans-4-Hydroxymellein 10262028 Click to see 194.18 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Dioxanes / 1,3-dioxanes
Botryosphaerihydrofuran 44605288 Click to see CC1COC23C1(O2)CC4(C(C=CC4=C3)C)C 218.29 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones
(3S,4S)-4-acetyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one 118708002 Click to see CC1C(COC1=O)C(=O)C 142.15 unknown via CMAUP database
Botryosphaerilactone A 102161309 Click to see 272.34 unknown via CMAUP database
Botryosphaerilactone B 44605080 Click to see CC1C(COC1OCC2C(C(=O)OC2C)C)C(=O)C 270.32 unknown via CMAUP database
Botryosphaerilactone C 102161308 Click to see 272.34 unknown via CMAUP database
Dihydro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-2 102125217 Click to see CC1C(C(OC1=O)C)CO 144.17 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrans / Pyranones and derivatives / Dihydropyranones
Lasiolactone 89352705 Click to see CCCC1CC=CC(=O)O1 140.18 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids
Egonol 485186 Click to see 326.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
5-Hydroxy-8-[5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-8-yl]-7-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 11103936 Click to see 594.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Proanthocyanidin A1 9872976 Click to see 576.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Procyanidin A2 124025 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC3=C2C4C(C(O3)(OC5=CC(=CC(=C45)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O)C7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)O)O 576.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Procyanidin B2 122738 Click to see 578.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Procyanidin B5 124017 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=C(C(=C2)O)C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O 578.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
Catechin 9064 Click to see 290.27 unknown via CMAUP database
Epicatechin 72276 Click to see 290.27 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Astilbin 119258 Click to see 450.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Macrolides and analogues
(5R) 5-hydroxylasiodiplodin 10638525 Click to see 308.40 unknown via CMAUP database
(5S) 5-hydroxylasiodiplodin 10733600 Click to see CC1CC(CCCCCC2=C(C(=CC(=C2)O)OC)C(=O)O1)O 308.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Lasiodiplodin 14562696 Click to see CC1CCCCCCCC2=C(C(=CC(=C2)O)OC)C(=O)O1 292.40 unknown via CMAUP database

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