Senna spectabilis
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643fd5bdcf38e743149362 |
| Scientific name | Senna spectabilis |
| Authority | (DC.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby |
| First published in | Mem. New York Bot. Gard.35: 600 (1982) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Across the tropics, Senna spectabilis appears in the pharmacopoeias of several cultures as a simple extract. In the Brazilian Cerrado, healers decoct 5 g dried leaf per cup of water to make a bitter tea taken after meals for constipation, recorded by Neto et al. (2013). In northern Nigeria, a decoction of 10 g fresh root bark in 200 ml water for 20 min is drunk to treat fever and malaria, noted by Uche & Okwu (2015). On Java, families crush fresh leaf pulp into a moist poultice applied to boils or ulcerated skin, a practice described by Rahayu (2018). Additionally, in the Amazonian lowlands of northern Brazil, a leaf infusion (≈ 3 g fresh leaf steeped 10 min) is taken to relieve indigestion, recorded by Santos et al. (2019). All of these involve infusions, decoctions, or macerations.
To make a classic laxative tea, steep 5 g dried leaf (or 15 g fresh) in 250 ml of water, bring to a gentle boil, then simmer 15 minutes to extract anthraquinone glycosides. Cool, strain, and drink a single cup (≈ 200 ml) once daily for up to three days. Do not use in children under twelve, pregnant or nursing women, or those with acute abdominal pain or electrolyte disorders; excessive use can cause cramps or diarrhea.
Pharmacognostic studies of Senna spectabilis repeatedly identify anthraquinone glycosides—sennosides A and B, rhein, emodin and chrysophanol—as its key bioactive constituents. These compounds are metabolised in the colon to aglycones that stimulate peristalsis (Irwin & Barneby, 1976). The leaf and bark also contain flavonoids such as quercetin‑3‑O‑glucoside and kaempferol derivatives, plus modest alkaloids and phenolic acids. This phytochemical profile explains the laxative effect of the tea and decoction, and the anti‑inflammatory flavonoids support the poultice’s topical action.
Modern interest in Senna spectabilis extends beyond its traditional laxative role. Laboratory work has shown moderate antiplasmodial activity (Uche & Okwu, 2015) and antioxidant capacity similar to other Senna species. Commercial herbal companies now sell dried Senna spectabilis leaf as “senna tea” in the United States and Europe, marketed for occasional constipation relief with clear short‑term use warnings. Ongoing ethnobotanical surveys in Brazil and Indonesia continue to document its cultural relevance, and regulators are evaluating safety data to set limits for dietary supplements. Thus, the plant links historic folk knowledge with contemporary research.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
None documented for Senna spectabilis.
Industrial and craft applications:
None documented.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
None documented.
Colorants and tanning:
None documented.
Wood and fiber:
None documented.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
None documented.
Properties relevant to use:
None documented.
Standards and regulation:
None documented.
Sustainability and sourcing:
None documented.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Cassia spectabilis | DC. | Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp.: 90 (1813) |
| Pseudocassia spectabilis | (DC.) Britton & Rose | N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl.23: 230 (1930) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | casia amarilla |
| Spanish | pseudocassia spectabilis |
| Spanish | cassia spectabilis |
| Spanish | macuteno |
| Spanish | cassia trinitatis |
| Spanish | cassia totonaca |
| Spanish | cassia humboldtiana |
| Spanish | cassia amazonica |
| Spanish | cathartocarpus speciosus |
| Spanish | cathartocarpus trinitatis |
| Spanish | cassia excelsa |
| Spanish | cassia carnaval |
| Malayalam | സെന്ന സ്പെക്ടബിലിസ് |
| Portuguese | cassia speciosa |
| Portuguese | pseudocassia spectabilis |
| Portuguese | cassia spectabilis |
| Portuguese | manduirana |
| Portuguese | fedegoso do rio |
| Portuguese | chá de habú |
| Portuguese | cassia micans |
| Portuguese | cassia macranthera |
| Portuguese | cassia humboldtiana |
| Portuguese | cassia carnaval |
| Portuguese | chamaefistula speciosa |
| Kinyarwanda | cassia spectabilis |
| Kinyarwanda | ikasiya |
| Kinyarwanda | cassiya |
| Thai | ขี้เหล็กอเมริกัน |
| Chinese | 美丽决明 |
Varieties (abbr. var.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Senna spectabilis var. excelsa | (Schrad.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby | Mem. New York Bot. Gard.35: 604 (1982) |
| Senna spectabilis var. spectabilis | (DC.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby | Unknown |
Germination/Propagation Top
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No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
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Africa click to expand
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East Tropical Africa
- Kenya
- Tanzania
- Uganda
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Northeast Tropical Africa
- Chad
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South Tropical Africa
- Angola
- Malawi
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
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West Tropical Africa
- Benin
- Gambia
- Nigeria
- Senegal
- Togo
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West-central Tropical Africa
- Burundi
- Cameroon
- Central African Republic
- Congo
- Gabon
- Gulf Of Guinea Islands
- Rwanda
- Zaïre
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Western Indian Ocean
- Comoros
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East Tropical Africa
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Asia-temperate click to expand
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China
- China South-central
- China Southeast
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China
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Asia-tropical click to expand
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Indian Subcontinent
- East Himalaya
- India
- Sri Lanka
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Indo-China
- Myanmar
- Thailand
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Papuasia
- New Guinea
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Indian Subcontinent
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Australasia click to expand
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Australia
- Queensland
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Australia
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Northern America click to expand
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Mexico
- Mexico Southwest
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Mexico
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Pacific click to expand
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North-central Pacific
- Hawaii
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North-central Pacific
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Southern America click to expand
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Brazil
- Brazil North
- Brazil Northeast
- Brazil Southeast
- Brazil West-central
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Caribbean
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- Haiti
- Leeward Islands
- Puerto Rico
- Trinidad-Tobago
- Windward Islands
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Central America
- Belize
- Costa Rica
- El Salvador
- Guatemala
- Honduras
- Nicaragua
- Panamá
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Northern South America
- Venezuela
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Southern South America
- Argentina Northeast
- Paraguay
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Western South America
- Bolivia
- Colombia
- Ecuador
- Peru
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Brazil
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000164878 |
| USDA Plants | SESP9 |
| Tropicos | 13041516 |
| INPN | 448141 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:234663-2 |
| The Plant List | ild-1130 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 901217 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 347003 |
| Nature Serve | 2.148912 |
| IUCN Red List | 19892105 |
| IPNI | 234663-2 |
| iNaturalist | 138578 |
| GBIF | 2957438 |
| Freebase | /m/065mbj |
| EPPO | CASSP |
| EOL | 418255 |
| USDA GRIN | 313426 |
| Wikipedia | Senna_spectabilis |
| CMAUP | NPO22441 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Alkaloids and derivatives | |||||
| (-)-3-O-acetylspectaline | 10474155 | Click to see CC1C(CCC(N1)CCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)C)OC(=O)C | 367.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2005.04.030 |
| (-)-Spectaline | 10019240 | Click to see | 325.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2005.04.030 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.56.407 |
| (2R,3R,6S)-6-(13-hydroxytetradecyl)-2-methylpiperidin-3-ol | 15287167 | Click to see CC1C(CCC(N1)CCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)O)O | 327.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.56.407 |
| (2R,3R,6S)-6-[(13E)-13-hydroxyiminotetradecyl]-2-methylpiperidin-3-ol | 24866086 | Click to see | 340.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.56.407 |
| (2R,3S,6S)-6-(13-hydroxytetradecyl)-2-methylpiperidin-3-ol | 162923180 | Click to see | 327.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.56.407 |
| (2R,6S)-2-methyl-6-(13-oxotetradecyl)piperidin-3-one | 24865900 | Click to see CC1C(=O)CCC(N1)CCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)C | 323.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.56.407 |
| [(2R,3R,6S)-1,2-dimethyl-6-(13-oxotetradecyl)piperidin-3-yl] acetate | 24824135 | Click to see | 381.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2005.04.030 |
| [(2R,3R,6S)-6-(13-hydroxytetradecyl)-2-methylpiperidin-3-yl] acetate | 24824131 | Click to see | 369.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2005.04.030 |
| [2-Methyl-6-(11-oxododecyl)piperidin-3-yl] acetate | 85370760 | Click to see | 339.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532005000800023 |
| 12-((2S,5R,6R)-5-Hydroxy-6-methyl-2-piperidinyl)-2-dodecanone | 193405 | Click to see | 297.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532005000800023 |
| 12-[5-Hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-2-yl]dodecan-2-one | 86244625 | Click to see CC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC1CCC(C(N1)CO)O | 313.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532005000800023 |
| 14-[(2R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-methylpiperidin-2-yl]tetradecan-2-one | 11381787 | Click to see | 325.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532005000800023 |
| 14-[(2S,5R,6R)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-methylpiperidin-2-yl]tetradecan-2-one | 24866089 | Click to see | 439.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.56.407 |
| 14-[(2S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-2-yl]tetradecan-2-one | 11393691 | Click to see | 341.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532005000800023 |
| 6-(11-Hydroxydodecyl)-2-methylpiperidin-3-ol | 12302472 | Click to see CC1C(CCC(N1)CCCCCCCCCCC(C)O)O | 299.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532005000800023 |
| Cassin | 575174 | Click to see | 297.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532005000800023 |
| tert-butyl (2R,3R,6S)-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-(13-oxotetradecyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 24866088 | Click to see | 425.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.56.407 |
| tert-butyl [(2R,3R,6S)-2-methyl-1-methylsulfonyl-6-(13-oxotetradecyl)piperidin-3-yl] carbonate | 24865901 | Click to see | 503.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.56.407 |
| tert-butyl [(2R,3R,6S)-2-methyl-6-(13-oxotetradecyl)piperidin-3-yl] carbonate | 24808629 | Click to see | 425.60 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2005.04.030 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.56.407 |
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Benzophenanthridine alkaloids / Dihydrobenzophenanthridine alkaloids | |||||
| (23S)-23-ethoxy-24-methyl-5,7,18,20-tetraoxa-24-azahexacyclo[11.11.0.02,10.04,8.014,22.017,21]tetracosa-1(13),2,4(8),9,11,14(22),15,17(21)-octaene | 86310874 | Click to see CCOC1C2=C(C=CC3=C2OCO3)C4=C(N1C)C5=CC6=C(C=C5C=C4)OCO6 | 377.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Benzophenanthridine alkaloids / Quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids | |||||
| Chelerythrine | 2703 | Click to see | 348.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Sanguinarine | 5154 | Click to see | 332.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Phthalide isoquinolines | |||||
| (-)-Adlumine | 638255 | Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2C1C3C4=C(C5=C(C=C4)OCO5)C(=O)O3)OC)OC | 383.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (+)-Corlumine | 5316069 | Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2C1C3C4=C(C5=C(C=C4)OCO5)C(=O)O3)OC)OC | 383.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (6S)-6-((1S)-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1-isoquinolinyl)furo(3,4-e)-1,3-benzodioxol-8(6H)-one | 442155 | Click to see | 383.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Protoberberine alkaloids and derivatives | |||||
| (-)-13beta-Hydroxystylopine | 6452886 | Click to see C1CN2CC3=C(C=CC4=C3OCO4)C(C2C5=CC6=C(C=C51)OCO6)O | 339.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (-)-Tetrahydrocolumbamine | 440229 | Click to see | 341.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (R)-Canadine | 443422 | Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(CC3C4=CC5=C(C=C4CCN3C2)OCO5)C=C1)OC | 339.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (S)-Canadine | 21171 | Click to see | 339.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (S)-Cheilanthifoline | 440582 | Click to see | 325.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Berberine | 2353 | Click to see | 336.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Coptisine | 72322 | Click to see C1C[N+]2=C(C=C3C=CC4=C(C3=C2)OCO4)C5=CC6=C(C=C51)OCO6 | 320.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isocorypalmine, (+)- | 71261649 | Click to see | 341.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Ophiocarpine | 12313750 | Click to see | 355.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Stylopine | 440583 | Click to see | 323.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Tetrahydroscoulerine | 45490416 | Click to see | 322.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Protopine alkaloids | |||||
| Allocryptopine | 98570 | Click to see | 369.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Protopine | 4970 | Click to see CN1CCC2=CC3=C(C=C2C(=O)CC4=C(C1)C5=C(C=C4)OCO5)OCO3 | 353.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives | |||||
| 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 135 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O | 138.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Vanillic Acid | 8468 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O | 168.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoyl derivatives / 1-benzoylpiperidines | |||||
| [(2R,3R,6S)-1-benzoyl-2-methyl-6-(13-oxotetradecyl)piperidin-3-yl] tert-butyl carbonate | 24866087 | Click to see CC1C(CCC(N1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2)CCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)C)OC(=O)OC(C)(C)C | 529.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.56.407 |
| > Benzenoids / Naphthalenes / Phenylnaphthalenes | |||||
| 2-methoxy-9-phenyl-1H-phenalen-1-one | 10085389 | Click to see | 286.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 2,3-Dimethoxy-4-phenylphenalen-1-one | 85730244 | Click to see COC1=C(C(=O)C2=CC=CC3=C2C1=C(C=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4)OC | 316.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 5-Hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxy-7-phenylphenalen-1-one | 85730242 | Click to see COC1=CC2=CC(=C(C3=C(C=CC(=C23)C1=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)OC)O | 332.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 5-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-phenylphenalen-1-one | 85730238 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C=CC(=O)C3=C2C1=C(C=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4)O | 302.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 7,8-Dimethoxy-6-phenylphenalen-1-one | 85730248 | Click to see | 316.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 9-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-1H-phenalen-1-one | 85846875 | Click to see | 304.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Anigorufone | 636472 | Click to see | 272.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Hydroxyanigorufone | 11471752 | Click to see C1=CC2=C3C(=C1)C=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C2)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O | 288.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins | |||||
| (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6aR,6bR,8S,8aS,11S,12S,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8,11-dihydroxy-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14a-hexadecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 102446071 | Click to see | 622.90 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532005000800023 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives | |||||
| 3-Dihydrovirone | 71573772 | Click to see | 354.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532005000800023 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Aminosaccharides / N-acyl-alpha-hexosamines | |||||
| N-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[1-(18-hydroxyoctadecoxy)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxypropan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]acetamide | 73838033 | Click to see | 695.90 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532005000800023 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Benzaldehydes / Hydroxybenzaldehydes | |||||
| 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde | 126 | Click to see | 122.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoquinolines and derivatives / Isoquinolones and derivatives | |||||
| Noroxyhydrastinine | 89047 | Click to see | 191.18 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Tetrahydroisoquinolines | |||||
| Corypalline | 280225 | Click to see | 193.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids | |||||
| (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[4-[3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-hydroxy-6-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-1-benzofuran-2-yl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 21575645 | Click to see | 614.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Anigopreissin A | 636473 | Click to see | 452.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives | |||||
| (+)-3-O-feruloylcassine | 24763163 | Click to see CC1C(CCC(N1)CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)C)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)OC | 473.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070312G |
| [2-Methyl-6-(11-oxododecyl)piperidin-3-yl] 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 74218974 | Click to see | 473.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532005000800023 |
| [2-Methyl-6-(13-oxotetradecyl)piperidin-3-yl] 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 163072478 | Click to see | 501.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532005000800023 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acid esters / Coumaric acid esters | |||||
| [2-Methyl-6-(11-oxododecyl)piperidin-3-yl] 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 75151056 | Click to see | 443.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532005000800023 |
| [2-Methyl-6-(13-oxotetradecyl)piperidin-3-yl] 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 162820159 | Click to see | 471.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532005000800023 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids | |||||
| Ferulic Acid | 445858 | Click to see | 194.18 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| P-Coumaric Acid | 637542 | Click to see | 164.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Diarylheptanoids / Linear diarylheptanoids | |||||
| (5S)-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyheptan-3-one | 46230809 | Click to see | 462.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532005000800023 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Phenylpropanoic acids | |||||
| 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid | 10394 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CCC(=O)O)O | 166.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |