Astragalus gummifer (tragacanth, gum tragacanth milkvetch) is a small woody evergreen shrub native to western Asia, specifically Iraq and Turkey. It has many medical, culinary, and material uses, and is found in dry sub-alpine slopes and valleys, typically 1200–2600 metres below the tree line. The shrub produces special exudate gums that act as a natural defense mechanism, and hermaphroditic flowers which are bee-pollinated. The gum can be used as a food additive, a demulcent, an antitumor, and an adaptogen, as well as a thickening agent for several dyes, dressing fabrics, glues, watercolors, and ink. Incense can also be derived from the burning of the stems or gum.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Astragalus rayatensis	Eig	Syst. Stud. Astragalus Near East: 75 (1955)
Tragacantha gummifera	(Labill.) Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl.2: 945 (1891)
Tragacantha tournefortii	(Boiss.) Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl.2: 948 (1891)
Tragacantha eriantha	(Willd.) Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl.2: 944 (1891)
Astragalus adpressus	Ehrenb. ex Walp.	Ann. Bot. Syst.4: 502 (1858)
Astragalus erianthus	Willd.	Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3: 1332 (1802)
Astragalus noemiae	Eig	Syst. Stud. Astragalus Near East: 74 (1955)
Astragalus tournefortii	Boiss.	Diagn. Pl. Orient.9: 92 (1849)
Astragalus gummifer subsp. tournefortii	(Boiss.) Ponert	Feddes Repert.83: 622 (1972 publ. 1973)
Astracantha adanica	(Ivan.) Greuter	Willdenowia15: 425 (1986)
Astragalus adanicus	Ivan.	Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast.35: 71 (1978)
Astracantha gummifera	(Labill.) Podlech	Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München19: 12 (1983)
Astracantha rayatensis	(Eig) Podlech	Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München19: 19 (1983)
Astracantha tournefortii	(Boiss.) Podlech	Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München19: 21 (1983)
Astragalus gummifer f. macrophyllus	Širj.	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.47: 207 (1939)
Astragalus gummifer var. villosus	Širj.	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.47: 207 (1939)
Astragalus noemiae var. brantii	Eig	Syst. Stud. Astragalus Near East: 75 (1955)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	gum tragacanth milkvetch
Arabic	قتاد صمغي
Arabic	قتاد
Arabic	كثيراء بيضاء
Persian	گون پنبهای
Persian	گون سفید
Persian	گون کتیرا
Polish	traganek gumodajny

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment.

Resents Transplanting: These plants do not tolerate the disturbance of their roots well. It's best to sow these seeds in their final growing location or in a container from which they can be moved without disturbing the root ball.

Requires Scarification: Scarification involves physically breaking, scratching, or softening the seed coat to allow water absorption and germination to occur. This can be done by nicking the seed coat with a knife or rubbing the seeds between sheets of sandpaper.

Requires Soaking: These seeds need to be soaked in warm water until they swell, which can take 24-48 hours. Seeds that float are usually not viable and should be discarded, along with the soaking water.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Western Asia
  - Iran
  - Iraq
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Turkey

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000185138
UNII	9QXI33LU43
USDA Plants	ASGU
Tropicos	13026007
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:477705-1
Open Tree Of Life	886333
NCBI Taxonomy	339493
IPNI	477705-1
GBIF	5352898
Freebase	/m/010hq93w
EPPO	ASAGU
USDA GRIN	5794
Wikipedia	Astragalus_gummifer
CMAUP	NPO28912
PFAF	Astragalus gummifer

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Agar-tragacanth/silk fibroin hydrogel containing Zn-based MOF as a novel nanobiocomposite with biological activity

Lalebeigi F, Kashtiaray A, Aghamirza Moghim Aliabadi H, Moghadaskhou F, Pajoum Z, Nokandeh SM, Mahdavi M, Eivazzadeh-Keihan R, Maleki A

Sci Rep

07-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11076289
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-61329-3
PMID:	38714808

Preliminary Assessment of Polysaccharide-Based Emulgels Containing Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid for Oral Lichen planus Treatment

Szymańska E, Potaś J, Maciejczyk M, Sulewska ME, Pietruska M, Zalewska A, Pietruska A, Winnicka K

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

30-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10674658
doi:	10.3390/ph16111534
PMID:	38004400

Evaluation of Oromucosal Natural Gum-Based Emulgels as Novel Strategy for Photodynamic Therapy of Oral Premalignant Lesions

Szymańska E, Potaś J, Baranowski M, Czarnomysy R, Sulewska ME, Basa A, Pietruska M, Bielawski K, Winnicka K

Pharmaceutics

23-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10610218
doi:	10.3390/pharmaceutics15102512
PMID:	37896272

Mapping of traditional healthcare providers and their healing approaches in a tribal community of district Sirohi, Rajasthan

Dwivedi R, Goyal P, Yadav SS, Dwivedi P, Singh P, Singh K

J Family Med Prim Care

30-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10451593
doi:	10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1610_22
PMID:	37636156

Synergistic Effects of Tragacanth and Anti-ethylene Treatments on Postharvest Quality Maintenance of Mango (Mangifera indica L.)

Khedr EH, Al-Khayri JM

Plants (Basel)

05-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10180912
doi:	10.3390/plants12091887
PMID:	37176945

Natural Gum-Based Functional Bioactive Films and Coatings: A Review

Nehra A, Biswas D, Siracusa V, Roy S

Int J Mol Sci

28-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9820387
doi:	10.3390/ijms24010485
PMID:	36613928

General Nutritional Profile of Bee Products and Their Potential Antiviral Properties against Mammalian Viruses

Asma ST, Bobiş O, Bonta V, Acaroz U, Shah SR, Istanbullugil FR, Arslan-Acaroz D

Nutrients

30-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9460612
doi:	10.3390/nu14173579
PMID:	36079835

Identification of Potent Bioassay Guided Terpenoid and Glycoside Root Fractions of Astragalus candolleanus against Clinically Significant Bacterial Strains

Nagarajan K, Ghai R, Varshney G, Grover P, Genovese C, D'Angeli F, Goel R, Prasad T, Kalaivani M, Teotia AK

Int J Microbiol

28-Apr-2022

PMCID:	PMC9072053
doi:	10.1155/2022/4584799
PMID:	35528313

Assessing the Ameliorative Effect of Selenium Cinnamomum verum, Origanum majorana, and Origanum vulgare Nanoparticles in Diabetic Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Pérez Gutiérrez RM, Soto Contreras JG, Martínez Jerónimo FF, de la Luz Corea Téllez M, Borja-Urby R

Plants (Basel)

28-Mar-2022

PMCID:	PMC9002390
doi:	10.3390/plants11070893
PMID:	35406873

Comparative Study of Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels: Rheological and Texture Properties and Ibuprofen Release

Mikušová V, Ferková J, Žigrayová D, Krchňák D, Mikuš P

Gels

07-Mar-2022

PMCID:	PMC8951473
doi:	10.3390/gels8030168
PMID:	35323281

Influence of Storage Conditions on the Stability of Gum Arabic and Tragacanth

Ramos P, Broncel M

Molecules

23-Feb-2022

PMCID:	PMC8911758
doi:	10.3390/molecules27051510
PMID:	35268614

Bioactive-Based Cosmeceuticals: An Update on Emerging Trends

Goyal A, Sharma A, Kaur J, Kumari S, Garg M, Sindhu RK, Rahman MH, Akhtar MF, Tagde P, Najda A, Banach-Albińska B, Masternak K, Alanazi IS, Mohamed HR, El-kott AF, Shah M, Germoush MO, Al-malky HS, Abukhuwayjah SH, Altyar AE, Bungau SG, Abdel-Daim MM

Molecules

27-Jan-2022

PMCID:	PMC8837976
doi:	10.3390/molecules27030828
PMID:	35164093

Flame retardant high-power Li-S flexible batteries enabled by bio-macromolecular binder integrating conformal fractions

Senthil C, Kim SS, Jung HY

Nat Commun

10-Jan-2022

PMCID:	PMC8748741
doi:	10.1038/s41467-021-27777-5
PMID:	35013313

A Novel Superabsorbent Polymer from Crosslinked Carboxymethyl Tragacanth Gum with Glutaraldehyde: Synthesis, Characterization, and Swelling Properties

Bachra Y, Grouli A, Damiri F, Talbi M, Berrada M

Int J Biomater

20-Nov-2021

PMCID:	PMC8627358
doi:	10.1155/2021/5008833
PMID:	34845410

The Role of Diet and Medicinal Herbs for Management of Sjögren’s Syndrome in Traditional Persian Medicine

Minaei B, SaffarShahroodi A, Dadmehr M, Nimrouzi M

Iran J Public Health

01-Nov-2021

PMCID:	PMC8826329
doi:	10.18502/ijph.v50i11.7599
PMID:	35223618

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid	370	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)O	170.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Galloyl esters
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	11968480	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)O)O)O)O	332.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
Methyl gallate	7428	Click to see COC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O	184.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Hydroquinones
N-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)pyridinium(1+)	411955	Click to see C1=CC=[N+](C=C1)C2=C(C=CC(=C2)O)O	188.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans
(-)-Sesamin	382073	Click to see C1C2C(COC2C3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4)C(O1)C5=CC6=C(C=C5)OCO6	354.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Oleic Acid	445639	Click to see CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O	282.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
I(2)-D-Glucopyranoside, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenyl 6-O-D-apio-I(2)-D-furanosyl	11408873	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)COC3C(C(CO3)(CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	474.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sinapyl 9-O-(6-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside)	11386564	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C=CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)COC3C(C(CO3)(CO)O)O)O)O)O	504.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
Punicic Acid	5281126	Click to see CCCCC=CC=CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O	278.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
Borneol	6552009	Click to see CC1(C2CCC1(C(C2)O)C)C	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(18\|A)-Oleanolic acid	7048528	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aS,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid	51531959	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O	488.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
24-Hydroxyursolic Acid	44568920	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)CO)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O	472.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
beta-Sitosterol acetate	5354503	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC(=O)C)C)C)C(C)C	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Betulin	72326	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)CO	442.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Betulinic Acid	64971	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C(=O)O	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
CID 3003153	3003153	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C46CCC(C5(C)C)(OC6)O)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	470.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Epifriedelin	15559350	Click to see CC1C(=O)CCC2C1(CCC3C2(CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)C)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Friedelin	91472	Click to see CC1C(=O)CCC2C1(CCC3C2(CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)C)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Lupeol	259846	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Maslinic Acid	73659	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	472.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Oleanolic Acid	10494	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Punicanolic acid	25132490	Click to see CC1C2C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CCC1(C)O)C(=O)O)C)C)(C)C)O)C	474.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ursolic Acid	64945	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Estrane steroids / Estrogens and derivatives
(8S,9S,13S,14R)-3-hydroxy-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one	670995	Click to see CC12CCC3C(C1CCC2=O)CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)O	270.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Estrone	5870	Click to see CC12CCC3C(C1CCC2=O)CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)O	270.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Pregnane steroids / Gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives
Pregnenolone	8955	Click to see CC(=O)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C	316.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
Beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sitogluside	5742590	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
Stigmasterol	5280794	Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	412.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
2-(Carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxybutanedioate;hydron	88113319	Click to see [H+].[H+].C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O	192.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-[[(2R,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-6-(2-phenylethoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol	13893575	Click to see C1C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OCCC3=CC=CC=C3)O)O)O)O)(CO)O	416.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
beta-Phenylethanol beta-D-rutinoside	11166301	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OCCC3=CC=CC=C3)O)O)O)O)O)O	430.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides
Arabinogalactan	24847856	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COC3C(C(C(CO3)O)OC)O)O)OC)O)O	500.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(02)00023-X
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar alcohols
Galactitol	11850	Click to see C(C(C(C(C(CO)O)O)O)O)O	182.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
Glycerin	753	Click to see C(C(CO)O)O	92.09	unknown	via CMAUP database
Mannitol	6251	Click to see C(C(C(C(C(CO)O)O)O)O)O	182.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Piperidines
1-[(2R)-piperidin-2-yl]propan-2-one	3034881	Click to see CC(=O)CC1CCCCN1	141.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
1-[(2S)-1-methylpiperidin-2-yl]propan-2-one	820378	Click to see CC(=O)CC1CCCCN1C	155.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
N-Methylpelletierine	1548928	Click to see CC(=O)CC1CCCCN1C	155.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Piperidines / Piperidinones
Granatonine	6602484	Click to see CN1C2CCCC1CC(=O)C2	153.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyridines and derivatives / Hydropyridines / Tetrahydropyridines
6-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine	15937508	Click to see CC=CC1=NCCCC1	123.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Luteolin	5280445	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O	286.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Tricetin	5281701	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O	302.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Myricetin	5281672	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	318.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O)O	302.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Anthocyanins / Anthocyanidin-5-O-glycosides
Delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside	10100906	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=C(C=C3C(=CC(=CC3=[O+]2)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O	627.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pelargonin	441772	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C=C3C(=CC(=CC3=[O+]2)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O	595.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
5,7-dihydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-4-one	101675298	Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(C=CC(=C2)C3=CC(=O)C4=C(C=C(C=C4O3)O)O)O)O)O)O	418.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Apigenin-4'-glucoside	5491384	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	432.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Luteolin 3'-glucoside	12309350	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Luteolin-4'-o-glucoside	5319116	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Hydroxyflavonoids / 7-hydroxyflavonoids
Cyanidin	128861	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2O)O)O)O)O	287.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Flavylium, 3,3',4',5,5',7-hexahydroxy-	128853	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2O)O)O	303.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isocoumarins and derivatives
(1R)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-3,5-dioxo-1,2-dihydrocyclopenta[c]isochromene-1-carboxylic acid	102004656	Click to see C1C(C2=C(C1=O)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C32)O)O)O)C(=O)O	292.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
7,8,9-Trihydroxy-1,2-dihydrocyclopenta[c]isochromene-3,5-dione	10131135	Click to see C1CC(=O)C2=C1C3=C(C(=C(C=C3C(=O)O2)O)O)O	248.19	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins
1,2,3-Tri-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose	5322038	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)CO)O	636.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,2,4-tri-O-galloyl-beta-glucopyranose	88204715	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)CO	636.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,2,4,6-Tetragalloylglucose	11297287	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O	788.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,2,6-Trigalloylglucose	440308	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)O)O	636.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,3,4-tri-O-galloyl-beta-glucopyranose	16066749	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OC2C(OC(C(C2OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)CO	636.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,4,6-Tri-O-Galloyl-Beta-D-Glucose	10077822	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O	636.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pentagalloylglucose	65238	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6)O)O)O	940.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
(10R,11R,13R,14R,15S)-3,4,5,11,14,20,21,22-octahydroxy-13-(hydroxymethyl)-9,12,16-trioxatetracyclo[16.4.0.02,7.010,15]docosa-1(22),2,4,6,18,20-hexaene-8,17-dione	11754973	Click to see C1=C2C(=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3C(=O)OC4C(C(C(OC4O)CO)O)OC2=O)O)O)O	482.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
(10R,11R)-10-[(14S,15R,19R)-2,3,4,7,8,9,19-heptahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.05,18.06,11]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-14-yl]-3,4,5,11,17,18,19,22,23,34,35-undecahydroxy-9,13,25,32-tetraoxaheptacyclo[25.8.0.02,7.015,20.021,30.024,29.028,33]pentatriaconta-1(35),2,4,6,15,17,19,21,23,27,29,33-dodecaene-8,14,26,31-tetrone	44567110	Click to see C1C(C(OC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2C3=C(C(=C4C5=C3C(=O)OC6=C(C(=C(C7=C(C(=C(C=C7C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=C56)C(=O)O4)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C8C9C(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1C(=O)O9)C1=C(C(=C(C=C1C(=O)O8)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	1084.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1R,35R,37R,38R,55S)-6,7,8,11,12,23,24,27,28,29,37,43,44,45,48,49,50-heptadecahydroxy-2,14,21,33,36,39,54-heptaoxaundecacyclo[33.20.0.04,9.010,19.013,18.016,25.017,22.026,31.038,55.041,46.047,52]pentapentaconta-4,6,8,10,12,16,18,22,24,26,28,30,41,43,45,47,49,51-octadecaene-3,15,20,32,40,53-hexone	16148440	Click to see C1C2C(C3C(C(O2)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C5=C(C(=C(C=C5C(=O)O3)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6C7=C(C(=C8C9=C7C(=O)OC2=C(C(=C(C3=C(C(=C(C=C3C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=C92)C(=O)O8)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	1084.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(10R,11S)-10-[(14R,15S,19S)-2,3,4,7,8,9,19-heptahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.05,18.06,11]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-14-yl]-3,4,5,17,18,19-hexahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,7]nonadeca-1(19),2,4,6,15,17-hexaen-11-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	17999934	Click to see C1C(C(OC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2C3=C(C(=C(C=C3C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O)C4C5C(C6=C(C(=C(C(=C6C(=O)O5)C7=C(C(=C(C=C7C(=O)O4)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C(=C8)O)O)O	936.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(1R,19R,21S,22R,23R)-6,7,8,11,12,13,22-heptahydroxy-3,16-dioxo-21-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-2,17,20-trioxatetracyclo[17.3.1.04,9.010,15]tricosa-4,6,8,10,12,14-hexaen-23-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	14411426	Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C5=C(C(=C(C=C5C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6)O)O)O	786.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
1-Desgalloyleugeniin	9918701	Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O2)O)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5C6=C(C(=C(C=C6C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O	786.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
13-Hydroxy-12-methoxy-3,5,10,17-tetraoxapentacyclo[9.6.2.02,6.08,18.015,19]nonadeca-1(18),2(6),7,11(19),12,14-hexaene-9,16-dione	10336592	Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C3=C1OC(=O)C4=CC5=C(C(=C43)OC2=O)OCO5)O	328.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
2,3,8-Tri-O-methylellagic acid	5281860	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C3C(=C1)C(=O)OC4=C3C(=CC(=C4OC)O)C(=O)O2)OC	344.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-O-methylellagic acid	13915428	Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C3=C1OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C43)OC2=O)O)O)O	316.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-O-Methylellagic acid 4-O-rhamnoside	16720461	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(C3=C4C(=C2)C(=O)OC5=C4C(=CC(=C5O)O)C(=O)O3)OC)O)O)O	462.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
3,3'-Di-O-methylellagic acid	5488919	Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C3=C1OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C43)OC2=O)OC)O)O	330.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
3,3a(2),4a(2)-Tri-O-methylellagic acid	11674590	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C3C(=C1)C(=O)OC4=C3C(=CC(=C4OC)OC)C(=O)O2)O	344.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
3,4,8,9,10-Pentahydroxybenzo[c]chromen-6-one	18504424	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C2=C1C3=C(C(=C(C=C3C(=O)O2)O)O)O)O)O	276.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
4,4'-Di-O-methylellagic acid	11580745	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C3C(=C1)C(=O)OC4=C3C(=CC(=C4O)OC)C(=O)O2)O	330.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
5-Desgalloylstachyurin	10417809	Click to see C1C(C(OC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2C3=C(C(=C(C=C3C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O)C4C5C(C6=C(C(=C(C(=C6C(=O)O5)C7=C(C(=C(C=C7C(=O)O4)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	784.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl-6-[(7,13,14-trihydroxy-3,10-dioxo-2,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.2.04,16.011,15]hexadeca-1(15),4,6,8(16),11,13-hexaen-6-yl)oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-7,13,14-trihydroxy-2,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.2.04,16.011,15]hexadeca-1(15),4,6,8(16),11,13-hexaene-3,10-dione	11968423	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(C3=C4C(=C2)C(=O)OC5=C4C(=CC(=C5O)O)C(=O)O3)O)O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)COC7=C(C8=C9C(=C7)C(=O)OC1=C9C(=CC(=C1O)O)C(=O)O8)O)O)O)O	894.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
8-O-[(1R,19R,21R,22R,23R)-6,7,8,11,12,13,22-heptahydroxy-3,16-dioxo-21-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-2,17,20-trioxatetracyclo[17.3.1.04,9.010,15]tricosa-4,6,8,10,12,14-hexaen-23-yl] 1-O-methyl (1R,3aR,8bR)-5,6-dihydroxy-3a-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-3-oxo-1,8b-dihydrofuro[3,4-b][1]benzofuran-1,8-dicarboxylate	71475292	Click to see COC(=O)CC12C(C(OC1=O)C(=O)OC)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3C(=O)OC4C5COC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6C7=C(C(=C(C=C7C(=O)OC4C(C(O5)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C(=C8)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	998.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
alpha-Pedunculagin	13834142	Click to see C1C2C(C3C(C(O2)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C5=C(C(=C(C=C5C(=O)O3)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6C7=C(C(=C(C=C7C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O	784.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
CID 5464368	5464368	Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O2)O)O)O)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3C4=C(C(=C5C6=C4C(=O)OC7=C(C(=C(C8=C(C(=C(C=C8C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=C67)C(=O)O5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	782.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Corilagin	73568	Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C5=C(C(=C(C=C5C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	634.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ellagic Acid	5281855	Click to see C1=C2C3=C(C(=C1O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C43)OC2=O)O)O	302.19	unknown	via CMAUP database
Eschweilenol C	10026656	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(C3=C4C(=C2)C(=O)OC5=C4C(=CC(=C5O)O)C(=O)O3)O)O)O)O	448.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Flavogallonic acid	14503023	Click to see C1=C2C3=C(C(=C1O)O)OC(=O)C4=C3C(=C(C(=C4C5=C(C(=C(C=C5C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC2=O	470.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Gallagic acid	14754405	Click to see C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=C(C(=C3C4=C2C(=O)OC5=C(C(=C(C(=C45)C(=O)O3)C6=C(C(=C(C=C6C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C(=O)O	638.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Punicafolin	5320800	Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5C6=C(C(=C(C=C6C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C7=CC(=C(C(=C7)O)O)O	938.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Punigluconin	21637585	Click to see C1C(C(OC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2C3=C(C(=C(C=C3C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O)C(C(C(=O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O)O	802.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Strictinin	73330	Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C5=C(C(=C(C=C5C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O	634.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Terminalin	5281711	Click to see C1=C2C(=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C3=C4C5=C(C(=C3OC2=O)O)OC(=O)C6=C7C8=C(C(=C(C=C8C(=O)OC7=C(C(=C65)OC4=O)O)O)O)O	602.40	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Astragalus gummifer

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