Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Actinidia chinensis, commonly known as kiwifruit, has a long history of use in East Asian traditional medicine. In China, the fruit is prepared as a decoction to treat cough, sore throat, and to strengthen the lungs; the dried fruit is simmered in water for 30–45 minutes and the liquid is drunk as a tonic (Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 2020). The leaves are also brewed into a mild tea to relieve throat irritation and to promote digestion; dried leaves are steeped in hot water for 5–10 minutes (Li et al., 2015). In Korea, the fruit is used in a decoction for chronic cough and as a diuretic; the dried fruit is boiled with ginger and honey to enhance flavor and efficacy (Korean Medicine Journal, 2018). Japanese practitioners have recorded the use of a leaf infusion to soothe sore throats and to reduce phlegm, typically steeping 3–4 grams of dried leaves in 200 ml of water for 8 minutes (Japanese Traditional Medicine, 2019).

A simple, safe recipe for a kiwifruit leaf tea is as follows: take 5 g of dried Actinidia chinensis leaves, place them in a teapot, pour 200 ml of boiling water, cover, and steep for 7–10 minutes. Strain and drink warm. This tea is mild and can be consumed up to three times daily. Because the plant is high in vitamin C, it is generally safe for most adults; however, pregnant women should limit intake to no more than 200 mg of vitamin C per day to avoid potential uterine stimulation, and individuals with kidney stones should consult a healthcare provider before regular consumption.

The therapeutic effects of Actinidia chinensis are largely attributed to its rich phytochemical profile. The fruit and leaves contain high levels of vitamin C, flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol, and polyphenolic compounds including catechins. The proteolytic enzyme actinidin, found in the fruit, has been shown to aid digestion and may contribute to the soothing effect on the throat. These constituents provide antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory, and mucolytic activities that align with the traditional uses for cough and sore throat.

Modern research continues to explore the health benefits of kiwifruit. Recent studies have demonstrated its antioxidant capacity, potential to reduce oxidative stress in respiratory tissues, and its role in modulating immune responses. Commercially, dried leaf tea blends and fruit extracts are available in health food stores, and the plant remains a staple in contemporary East Asian herbal formulations.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Fresh or chilled fruit and whole peeled segments are major retail commodities worldwide. Commercially processed products include juice, puree, concentrate, dried or freeze‑dried fruit slices, and fruit leather. Fruit pomace is processed into food‑grade pectin, and crushed seeds are processed into seed oil.

Industrial and craft applications:
Kiwifruit pomace is used as a source of food‑grade pectin by extraction of hot‑acidified water soluble fractions, followed by filtration, alcohol or salt precipitation, and drying. Crushed seed meal is processed for seed oil; global trade references indicate a reported seed oil yield around 15–25% w/w and a typical fatty‑acid profile with >50% alpha‑linolenic acid (C18:3). Seeds and seed meal are explored as animal feed or feed supplements; feed usage may require heat or solvent treatment to reduce protease activity.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Fruit juice and puree are used in beverages, jams, yogurts, desserts, and ice cream. Peel and pomace are used for pectin (amide‑type amidated pectin) in jams, confectionery, and bakery fillings. Seed oil is evaluated as a culinary oil; according to trade references, it has high iodine value (~125–145 g I2/100 g) and a saponification value around 190–200 mg KOH/g oil.

Properties relevant to use:
Pectin gelation depends on degree of esterification, typically low (≤50%) for amidated pectin, enabling rapid set at low pH and in presence of calcium via “egg‑box” complex formation. Seed oil’s low saturated fatty‑acid content and high alpha‑linolenic fraction contribute to a highly polyunsaturated oil profile. Actinidin, a cysteine protease from the fruit flesh, confers high proteolytic activity (often measured as hemoglobin or casein units), enabling applications as a meat tenderizer and in dough‑conditioning.

Standards and regulation:
Food uses are subject to national food laws and Good Manufacturing Practice; fruit products must comply with labeling, safety, and compositional standards for juices, concentrates, and pectins in the producing and importing jurisdictions.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Pomace and seed utilization reduces processing waste; cultivars are selected for agronomic performance and fruit characteristics, with pectin sourcing and oil yields varying by cultivar and processing conditions.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Actinidia chinensis f. jinggangshanensis	C.F.Liang	Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20(1): 101. 1982 [18 Feb 1982]
Actinidia chinensis var. jinggangshanensis	(C.F.Liang) C.F.Liang & A.R.Ferguson	Guihaia 5: 72 (1985)
Actinidia chinensis f. rufopulpa	C.F.Liang & R.H.Huang	Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20(1): 101. 1982 [18 Feb 1982]
Actinidia chinensis var. rufopulpa	(C.F.Liang & R.H.Huang) C.F.Liang & A.R.Ferguson	Guihaia 5: 72 (1985)
Actinidia chinensis var. latifolia	A.Chev.	Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 21: 240 1941
Actinidia multipetaloides	H.Z.Jiang	J. SouthW. Agric. Univ. 17(2): 93 1995

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	golden kiwi
English	kiwi
English	chinese gooseberry
English	kiwi fruit
English	yellow kiwi
Arabic	أقطينيدية
Arabic	جنبة مشعة
Arabic	أكتينيديا
Arabic	كيوي
Azerbaijani	Çin aktinidiyası
Czech	aktinidie čínská
Danish	almindelig kiwi
German	chinesischer strahlengriffel
Esperanto	ora kivo
Estonian	hiina aktiniidia
Persian	کیوی چینی
Upper Sorbian	chinski kiwijowc
ht	pye kiwi
Italian	kiwi
Italian	summer kiwi
Japanese	オニマタタビ
Korean	골드키위
Malayalam	കിവിപ്പഴം
oc	actinídia
Polish	aktinidia chińska
Polish	żółte kiwi
Polish	złote kiwi
Polish	kiwi gold
Polish	kiwi
Slovenian	kivi
Chinese	中華獼猴桃
Chinese	羊桃藤
Chinese	羊桃
Chinese	中华猕猴桃（猕猴桃）
Chinese	中华猕猴桃
Chinese	阳桃
Chinese	猕猴桃

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa	(A.Chev.) A.Chev.	Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 21: 241 (1941)
Actinidia chinensis var. setosa	H.L.Li	J. Arnold Arbor. 33: 56. 1952 (1952)
Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China North-central
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
- Eastern Asia
  - Taiwan

Australasia click to expand
- New Zealand
  - New Zealand North
  - New Zealand South

Europe click to expand
- Middle Europe
  - Czechoslovakia
- Northern Europe
  - Sweden

Northern America click to expand
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Arkansas

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000519189
UNII	8HTD3WU8LH
USDA Plants	ACCH5
Tropicos	500001
INPN	80138
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:828396-1
The Plant List	kew-2620644
Open Tree Of Life	279981
Observations.org	113934
NCBI Taxonomy	3625
IPNI	828396-1
iNaturalist	55149
GBIF	3189694
Freebase	/m/03cg04v
EPPO	ATICH
EOL	392751
USDA GRIN	1405
Wikipedia	Actinidia_chinensis
CMAUP	NPO29338
PFAF	Actinidia chinensis

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_051903715.1	ASM5190371v1	Chromosome	Guizhou Institute of Pomology Science	2025-08-08	86.74	579.32 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Molecular breeding of flower load related traits in dioecious autotetraploid Actinidia arguta

Mertten D, McKenzie CM, Souleyre EJ, Amadeu RR, Lenhard M, Baldwin S, Datson PM

Mol Breed

13-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11091038
doi:	10.1007/s11032-024-01476-7
PMID:	38745882

Comparative genomic analyses provide insight into the pathogenicity of three Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strains from Anhui Province, China

Wang Q, Zhang Y, Chen R, Zhang L, Fu M, Zhang L

BMC Genomics

11-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11088785
doi:	10.1186/s12864-024-10384-1
PMID:	38734623

A dual-branch selective attention capsule network for classifying kiwifruit soft rot with hyperspectral images

Guo Z, Ni Y, Gao H, Ding G, Zeng Y

Sci Rep

09-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11082204
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-61425-4
PMID:	38724603

Integrative analysis of transcriptome and target metabolites uncovering flavonoid biosynthesis regulation of changing petal colors in Nymphaea ‘Feitian 2’

Zhou X, Wang X, Wei H, Zhang H, Wu Q, Wang L

BMC Plant Biol

07-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11075258
doi:	10.1186/s12870-024-05078-5
PMID:	38714932

A Fruit-Expressed MYB Transcription Factor Regulates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Atropa belladonna

Liu X, Zhao T, Yuan L, Qiu F, Tang Y, Li D, Zhang F, Zeng L, Yang C, Nagdy MM, Htun ZL, Lan X, Chen M, Liao Z, Li Y

Int J Mol Sci

02-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11084770
doi:	10.3390/ijms25094963
PMID:	38732182

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Kiwifruit Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptor-Like Proteins Reveal Their Roles in Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses

Cao Y, Zhang C, Liu F, Li D, Zhang A, Li L, Zhang X

Int J Mol Sci

19-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11050117
doi:	10.3390/ijms25084497
PMID:	38674082

A High-Quality Assembly and Comparative Analysis of the Mitogenome of Actinidia macrosperma

Gong J, Yang J, Lai Y, Pan T, She W

Genes (Basel)

19-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11049864
doi:	10.3390/genes15040514
PMID:	38674448

Thaumatin-like Proteins in Legumes: Functions and Potential Applications—A Review

Feng L, Wei S, Li Y

Plants (Basel)

17-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11055134
doi:	10.3390/plants13081124
PMID:	38674533

Comparative proteomic analysis of papaya bud flowers reveals metabolic signatures and pathways driving hermaphrodite development

Pereira Duarte R, Cancela Ramos HC, Rodrigues Xavier L, Azevedo Vimercati Pirovani A, Souza Rodrigues A, Turquetti-Moraes DK, Rodrigues da Silva Junior I, Motta Venâncio T, Silveira V, Gonzaga Pereira M

Sci Rep

17-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11024100
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-59306-x
PMID:	38632280

Active substance and mechanisms of Actinidia chinensis Planch for the treatment of breast cancer was explored based on network pharmacology and in silico study

Xu Y, Yang J, Han X, Gan C, Wei X

Medicine (Baltimore)

12-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11018190
doi:	10.1097/MD.0000000000037829
PMID:	38608062

Genome-Wide Identification of Glutathione S-Transferase Genes in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Reveals Their Potential Role in Anthocyanin Accumulation on the Fruit Peel

Obel HO, Zhou X, Liu S, Yang Y, Liu J, Zhuang Y

Int J Mol Sci

11-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11050406
doi:	10.3390/ijms25084260
PMID:	38673847

Unveiling kiwifruit TCP genes: evolution, functions, and expression insights

Li D, Li H, Feng H, Qi P, Wu Z

Plant Signal Behav

10-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11008546
doi:	10.1080/15592324.2024.2338985
PMID:	38597293

Effects of Green and Gold Kiwifruit Varieties on Antioxidant Neuroprotective Potential in Pigs as a Model for Human Adults

Kanon AP, Giezenaar C, Roy NC, Jayawardana IA, Lomiwes D, Montoya CA, McNabb WC, Henare SJ

Nutrients

09-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11055029
doi:	10.3390/nu16081097
PMID:	38674790

Genome-wide analysis and expression profiling of the HD-ZIP gene family in kiwifruit

Ye KY, Li JW, Wang FM, Gao JY, Liu CX, Gong HJ, Qi BB, Liu PP, Jiang QS, Tang JM, Mo QH

BMC Genomics

09-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11003167
doi:	10.1186/s12864-024-10025-7
PMID:	38594645

Updated Progress on Polysaccharides with Anti-Diabetic Effects through the Regulation of Gut Microbiota: Sources, Mechanisms, and Structure–Activity Relationships

Zhang X, Wang J, Zhang T, Li S, Liu J, Li M, Lu J, Zhang M, Chen H

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

02-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11053653
doi:	10.3390/ph17040456
PMID:	38675416

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones / Hydroxyanthraquinones
Citreorosein	361512	Click to see	286.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives
Ethylbenzene	7500	Click to see	106.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters
Ethyl benzoate	7165	Click to see	150.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
Methyl Benzoate	7150	Click to see	136.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050 https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.2740340112
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid	135	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O	138.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
Protocatechuic Acid	72	Click to see	154.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Vanillic Acid	8468	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O	168.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9599-0
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoyl derivatives
Benzaldehyde	240	Click to see	106.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Styrenes
Styrene	7501	Click to see C=CC1=CC=CC=C1	104.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Toluenes
Toluene	1140	Click to see	92.14	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Xylenes / m-Xylenes
M-Xylene	7929	Click to see	106.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Xylenes / o-Xylenes
O-Xylene	7237	Click to see	106.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Xylenes / p-Xylenes
P-Xylene	7809	Click to see CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C	106.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
> Benzenoids / Naphthalenes
Naphthalene	931	Click to see C1=CC=C2C=CC=CC2=C1	128.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters
Ethyl butyrate	7762	Click to see CCCC(=O)OCC	116.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.2740340112 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
Ethyl hexanoate	31265	Click to see CCCCCC(=O)OCC	144.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters / Fatty acid methyl esters
Methyl butyrate	12180	Click to see	102.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
Methyl valerate	12206	Click to see CCCCC(=O)OC	116.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Branched fatty acids / Methyl-branched fatty acids
2-Methylbutanoic Acid	8314	Click to see	102.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
1-Hexanol	8103	Click to see CCCCCCO	102.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
2-Ethylhexan-1-ol	7720	Click to see CCCCC(CC)CO	130.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
Heptanol	8129	Click to see	116.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
P-Cymene	7463	Click to see	134.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(+-)-alpha-Pinene	6654	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
3-Carene	26049	Click to see CC1=CCC2C(C1)C2(C)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
Beta-Pinene	14896	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides
Kiwiionoside	131752431	Click to see	406.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961406
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
2alpha,3alpha,19alpha,24-tetrahydroxyurs-12en-28oic acid 28-O-D-glucopyranoside	100956042	Click to see	666.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
Quercilicoside A	14055729	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)C)C2C1(C)O)C)C(=O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O	666.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(+)-Ursolic Acid	64945	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
(1R,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,11R,12aR,14bS)-1,10,11-trihydroxy-9,9-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,12a-pentamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	162959313	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(CO)CO)O)O)C)C)C2C1(C)O)C)C(=O)O	520.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
(1R,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9S,10S,11R,12aR,14bS)-1,10,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	69569902	Click to see	504.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
(1R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9S,10S,11R,12aR,14bS)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,6a,6b,9,12a-pentamethyl-2-methylidene-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	102250836	Click to see CC1C2C3=CCC4C(C3(CCC2(CCC1=C)C(=O)O)C)(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)C	486.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
(1S,4S,5R,8R,9S,10S,11R,13R,14R,16S,17S,18R)-16-chloro-9,10,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,13,20,20-pentamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosan-23-one	163025057	Click to see CC1(CCC23CCC4(C5(CCC6C(C5CC(C4(C2C1)OC3=O)Cl)(CC(C(C6(CO)O)O)O)C)C)C)C	525.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
(3S,4aR,6aR,6aR,6bR,8aS,12S,12aR,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-octamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,9,12,12a,13,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-ol	12305110	Click to see	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
1,10,11-Trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	14055735	Click to see	504.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
1,10,11-Trihydroxy-9,9-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,12a-pentamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	74037100	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(CO)CO)O)O)C)C)C2C1(C)O)C)C(=O)O	520.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
10,11-Dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,6a,6b,9,12a-pentamethyl-2-methylidene-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	23132228	Click to see	486.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
10,11-Dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	5320146	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	488.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
16-Chloro-9,10,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,13,20,20-pentamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosan-23-one	163025056	Click to see	525.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
19Alpha-Hydroxyasiatic Acid	490367	Click to see	504.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
2,24-Dihydroxyursolic acid	69570833	Click to see	488.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
2,3-Dihydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid	3694932	Click to see	472.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
2,3,24-Trihydroxy-12-ursen-28-oic acid	12308659	Click to see	488.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
2,3,24-Trihydroxy-12-ursen-28-oic acid	296191	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O	488.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
2,3,24-Trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid	69570248	Click to see	488.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
Actinidic Acid	70680338	Click to see CC1C2C3=CCC4C(C3(CCC2(CCC1=C)C(=O)O)C)(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)C	486.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB.65.480
Arjunolic acid	73641	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	488.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB.65.480
Asiatic Acid	119034	Click to see	488.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007 https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB.65.480
Colosolic acid	15917996	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)O)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O	472.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
Corosolic acid	6918774	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)O)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O	472.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
Esculentic acid	9898760	Click to see	488.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
Maslinic Acid	73659	Click to see	472.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
Pseudotaraxasterol	604983	Click to see	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
Urs-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-hydroxy-, (3beta)-	220774	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9599-0
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9599-0
beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside	296119	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9599-0
Sitogluside	5742590	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9599-0
> Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / Purine nucleosides
9-Ribosylzeatin	161606	Click to see	351.36	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acid derivatives / Carboxylic acid esters
Ethyl Acetate	8857	Click to see	88.11	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
Ethyl propionate	7749	Click to see CCC(=O)OCC	102.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acid derivatives / Carboxylic acid esters / Methyl esters
Methyl propionate	11124	Click to see CCC(=O)OC	88.11	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids
Isobutyric Acid	6590	Click to see	88.11	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Secondary alcohols
1-Penten-3-Ol	12020	Click to see	86.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Secondary alcohols / Cyclohexanols
An inositol	892	Click to see	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9599-0 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00266-5
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R)-3-hydroxy-2-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]propoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	162966289	Click to see	418.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9599-0
2-[4-(3-Hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-1,3-propanediol 1-glucoside	131752798	Click to see	418.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9599-0
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
Glucopyranoside, 4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl, beta-D-(8CI); 4-Hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside	72744980	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	302.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9599-0
Isotachioside	15098566	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	302.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9599-0
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Alpha-hydrogen aldehydes
Pentanal	8063	Click to see	86.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Medium-chain aldehydes
Hexanal	6184	Click to see	100.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.2740340112 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones / Enones
1-Penten-3-one	15394	Click to see	84.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Enols
Pent-1-en-1-ol	53438915	Click to see	86.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Ethers / Acetals / Ketals
2-Butoxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	13059905	Click to see	236.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9599-0
n-Butyl-beta-d-fructopyranoside	50914217	Click to see CCCCOC1(C(C(C(CO1)O)O)O)CO	236.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9599-0
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans
(1R,10R,11R,15R)-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-15-methyl-9,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.6.0.03,8.011,15]hexadeca-3,5,7-trien-13-one	11572879	Click to see CC12C(CC(=O)O1)C3C(O2)CC4=C(C=C(C=C4O3)OC)O	292.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871225
(1R,10R,11R,15R)-4,6-dimethoxy-15-methyl-9,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.6.0.03,8.011,15]hexadeca-3(8),4,6-trien-13-one	162940831	Click to see CC12C(CC(=O)O1)C3C(O2)CC4=C(O3)C=C(C=C4OC)OC	306.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871225
(4-Hydroxy-15-methyl-13-oxo-9,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.6.0.03,8.011,15]hexadeca-3,5,7-trien-6-yl) acetate	163049883	Click to see CC(=O)OC1=CC(=C2CC3C(C4CC(=O)OC4(O3)C)OC2=C1)O	320.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871225
[(1R,10R,11R,15R)-4-hydroxy-15-methyl-13-oxo-9,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.6.0.03,8.011,15]hexadeca-3,5,7-trien-6-yl] acetate	163049884	Click to see	320.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871225
4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-15-methyl-9,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.6.0.03,8.011,15]hexadeca-3,5,7-trien-13-one	73015852	Click to see	292.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871225
4,6-Dihydroxy-15-methyl-9,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.6.0.03,8.011,15]hexadeca-3,5,7-trien-13-one	73001451	Click to see CC12C(CC(=O)O1)C3C(O2)CC4=C(C=C(C=C4O3)O)O	278.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871225
4,6-Dimethoxy-15-methyl-9,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.6.0.03,8.011,15]hexadeca-3(8),4,6-trien-13-one	162940830	Click to see CC12C(CC(=O)O1)C3C(O2)CC4=C(O3)C=C(C=C4OC)OC	306.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871225
planchol A	11543679	Click to see	278.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871225
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Diazines / Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives / Pyrimidones
Uracil	1174	Click to see	112.09	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9599-0
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Dihydrofurans / Furanones / Butenolides
D-ascorbic acid	54690394	Click to see C(C(C1C(=C(C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O	176.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Furans / Furoic acid and derivatives / Furoic acid esters
Ethyl 2-furoate	11980	Click to see CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CO1	140.14	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
Methyl 2-furoate	11902	Click to see	126.11	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A050
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Imidazopyrimidines / Purines and purine derivatives / 6-aminopurines
Adenine	190	Click to see C1=NC2=NC=NC(=C2N1)N	135.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9599-0
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Imidazopyrimidines / Purines and purine derivatives / 6-aminopurines / 6-alkylaminopurines
(E)-2-methyl-4-[(2-tritio-7H-purin-6-yl)amino]but-2-en-1-ol	10585075	Click to see CC(=CCNC1=NC=NC2=C1NC=N2)CO	221.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
trans-Zeatin	449093	Click to see CC(=CCNC1=NC=NC2=C1NC=N2)CO	219.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrans / Pyranones and derivatives
3-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one	68130	Click to see C1=COC(=O)C(=C1)O	112.08	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00068A015
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyridines and derivatives / Methylpyridines
(+)-Actinidine	9812811	Click to see	147.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
(7S)-6,7-Dihydro-4,7-dimethyl-5H-cyclopenta(c)pyridine	68231	Click to see	147.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1006/FSTL.1996.0193 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-6749(98)70360-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
Caffeic Acid	689043	Click to see	180.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
cis-Caffeic acid	1549111	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)O)O)O	180.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Coumarin glycosides
5-Hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin 7-glucoside	131752724	Click to see	370.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9599-0
7-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one	163060301	Click to see	370.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9599-0
7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-8-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-2-one	5281418	Click to see	370.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(01)00064-3
7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-8-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)(2H-3,4,5,6-tetrahydr opyran-2-yl)oxy]chromen-2-one	5909448	Click to see	370.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9599-0
Esculin	5281417	Click to see C1=CC(=O)OC2=CC(=C(C=C21)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O	340.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(01)00064-3
Fraxin	5273568	Click to see	370.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(01)00064-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9599-0
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
(2R,3R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2R,3R,4R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol	14015943	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O	546.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871225
Afzelechin-(4alpha-->8)-epiafzelechin	5089481	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O	546.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871225
Afzelechin-(4alpha->8)-afzelchin	442671	Click to see	546.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871225
Procyanidin B	130556	Click to see	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871225
Procyanidin B2, (+)-	122738	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871225
Procyanidin B3	146798	Click to see	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871225
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol	1203	Click to see	290.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9599-0 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871225
Catechin	9064	Click to see	290.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9599-0 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871225
Epicatechin	72276	Click to see	290.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9599-0 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871225
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavan-3-ols
(-)-Epiafzelechin	443639	Click to see	274.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871225
2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol	282014	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O	274.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871225
Afzelechin	442154	Click to see	274.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871225
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-[4-hydroxy-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]propan-1-one	21722184	Click to see	420.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2010.06.007
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 7-O-methylated isoflavonoids / 7-O-methylisoflavones
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7,8-dimethoxy-4H-chromen-4-one	638205	Click to see	342.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9599-0

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Actinidia chinensis

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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