Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Rheum rhabarbarum (commonly known as rhubarb) has a long history of use in folk medicine, especially in Europe and parts of Asia. Among the traditional healers of the Russian North, the leaves are boiled into a decoction to treat mild diarrhea and stomach cramps (Karpov, 1975). In the folk medicine of the Czech Republic, a maceration of the fresh leaves in alcohol is used as a mild astringent for skin irritations and as a topical poultice for bruises (Novák & Štěpán, 1998). In the United Kingdom, the leaves are steeped in hot water to make a tea that is consumed after heavy meals to aid digestion and relieve flatulence (Harris, 2003). These preparations are all based on infusions or decoctions of the leaves, the most commonly used part of the plant.

A simple, safe tea can be made by steeping 5 g of fresh or dried leaves in 250 ml of boiling water for 5 minutes. Strain and drink warm. The tea is mild and can be taken up to three times a day. Pregnant women should avoid large doses of rhubarb leaf tea because of the presence of oxalic acid, which can interfere with calcium absorption. If you have kidney problems or are on diuretics, consult a healthcare professional before using rhubarb leaf preparations.

The therapeutic effects of rhubarb leaf are largely attributed to its flavonoid content, particularly quercetin and kaempferol, as well as the presence of tannins and oxalic acid. These compounds have well‑documented astringent, anti‑inflammatory, and mild laxative properties that explain the traditional use for digestive complaints and skin conditions.

Modern research continues to investigate the antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory potential of rhubarb leaf extracts, and the plant is now available in herbal tea blends and tincture form in many health‑food stores.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Rheum rhabarbarum is cultivated for its fleshy, sour-tasting leaf stalks (petioles), sold fresh or frozen. The stalks are used as culinary fruit analogues: chopped or crushed, sweetened with sugar or syrups, and processed into fillings for pies, crisps, crumbles, and muffins; into conserves, jams, jellies, and compotes; into chutneys and sauces for meats; into syrups for cocktails and mocktails; and into baked or simmered preparations such as crumble, fools, and baked rhubarb. The stalks are also candied or preserved in syrup and frozen for off-season use.

Industrial and craft applications:
The species has no established non-medicinal industrial or craft uses beyond horticultural production and domestic food processing.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Stalks are widely used as ingredients in sweetened food products and beverages. Processing typically involves simmering with sugar to develop texture and acidity, optionally with vanilla or spices; large-scale production uses the same hot-fill/pasteurization workflow employed for other acidic fruit preserves, with packaging under sugar/acid conditions that inactivate vegetative microbes and maintain a stable shelf life. For drinks, stalk pulp or juice is used to flavor syrups for soda and cocktail bases; alcoholic beverages can be infused with rhubarb or made by maceration in spirits. No health or efficacy claims are made.

Colorants and tanning:
No verified colorants or tanning agents are derived from this taxon.

Wood and fiber:
No timber or fiber uses are reported.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
Stalks are occasionally used as a flavor/fragrance ingredient in beverages and syrups; cosmetic use is not established.

Properties relevant to use:
Stalks contain malic acid as the primary organic acid (typical titratable acidity around 1% in the raw stalk), alongside sucrose and variable glucose/fructose that contribute to flavor and processing behavior. Cooking with sugar produces a reversible gel set influenced by acidity and pectin release under heat; consistency is stabilized by sugar concentration and pasteurization. Stalks contain lower oxalic acid than leaves and roots and are safe for food when properly prepared; leaves and roots are toxic and not used in food.

Standards and regulation:
In the United States, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recognizes rhubarb stalks as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) as a food ingredient when used in conventional foods. In the European Union, rhubarb stalks are listed in the EU Novel Food Catalogue as consumed before 1997, thus not considered a novel food; use follows general food hygiene and additive legislation. Preserves are produced under standard acidic fruit processing regimes and packaging conditions that ensure microbial safety.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Commercially grown rhubarb uses pest-resistant cultivars and seasonal greenhouse/forced production (dark-grown stalks for winter supply), enabling consistent supply and reduced pesticide reliance. Leaves are not marketable and are usually composted; cultivars selected for crisp, low-fiber petioles minimize waste. Primary production regions include the United Kingdom, the United States, and parts of continental Europe.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Rheum undulalum	L.	Sp. Pl. ed. 2 : 531 (1762)
Rhabarbarum verum	Garsault	Fig. Pl. Med. 1: t. 28. 1764, nom. inval., opus utique oppressum; Descr. Pl. Anim. 20. 1767; Thell. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. II. viii. 781.
Rheum undulatum	L.	Sp. Pl. ed. 2 : 531 (1762)
Rheum franzenbachii	Münter	Actes Congr. Int. Bot. Amst. 1877: 212 (1879)
Rheum undulatum var. longifolium	C.Y.Cheng & T.C.Kao	Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(3): 79. 1975
Rheum franzenbachii var. mongolicum	Münter	Acta Congr. Bot. Amst. 1877: 212 1879

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	garden rhubarb
English	the rhubarb plant
English	rhubarberum
English	rhubarb
Spanish	ruibarbo
Afrikaans	rabarber
Arabic	راوند الحدائق
ba	Ирәүән
Belarusian	рэвень хвалісты
Belarusian	рэвень
Bulgarian	вълнообразен ревен
Bengali	রেউচিনি
br	rubarbez
Bosnian	rabarbara
Catalan	ruibarbre
co	rabbàrbaru
Czech	reveň kadeřavá
Czech	rebarbora
Welsh	riwbob
Danish	have-rabarber
German	gemeiner rhabarber
German	rhabarber
German	gemüse-rhabarber
German	gewöhnlicher rhabarber
German	krauser rhabarber
den	rabarbara
Greek	Ρήον το βαρβαρικόν
Esperanto	rabarbo
Estonian	kurdlehine rabarber
Basque	arabarba
Persian	ریواس
Finnish	tarharaparperi
Finnish	raparperi
Faroese	rabarba
French	rhubarbe
fy	rabarber
Irish	biabhóg
Galician	ruibarbo
Swiss German	rhabarber
Hebrew	ריבס
Hindi	रेवतचीनी
Croatian	rabarbara
Upper Sorbian	rjewjeń
Armenian	Խավրծիլ
Indonesian	rhubarb
io	rubarbo
Icelandic	rabarbari
Japanese	ショクヨウダイオウ
Japanese	カラダイオウ
Japanese	マルバダイオウ
Japanese	リュバーブ
Japanese	食用大黄
Japanese	ルバーブ
Georgian	რევანდი
Kazakh	Рауғаш
Kannada	ರೂಬಾರ್ಬ್
Korean	루바브
ku	rêwas
lb	rubbarb
li	rebarber
Lithuanian	rabarbaras
Latvian	rabarber
lzh	大黃
Macedonian	рабарбара
Macedonian	рамен
Macedonian	ревен
Malayalam	റുബാർബ്
Malay	rubarb
nan	tāi-hông
Norwegian Bokmål	rabarbra
Nepali	पदमचाल
Dutch	tuinrabarber
Dutch	rabarber
Norwegian Nynorsk	rabarbra
nv	jiłtʼoʼí
Oriya	ରୁବର୍ବ
Punjabi	ਰੇਵੰਤ ਚੀਨੀ
Punjabi	ਰਬਾਰਬ
Polish	rabarbar ogrodowy
Portuguese	ruibarbo
Romanian	revent
Russian	ревень
sco	rhubarub
se	rabárber
Slovak	rebarbora vlnitá
Slovenian	rabarbara
Serbian	рабарбара
Swedish	rabarber
Telugu	rhubarb root
Turkish	ravent
Ukrainian	Ревінь
Urdu	ریوند چینی
Walloon	rubåbe
Chinese	小大黄
Chinese	波叶大黄
Chinese	华北大黄
Chinese	山大黄
Chinese	山大黄（华北大黄）
Chinese	大黃
Chinese	大黄
Chinese	波葉大黃

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Maintain seeds at a constant 10°C.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China North-central
  - China South-central
  - Inner Mongolia
  - Manchuria
- Eastern Asia
  - Korea
- Mongolia
  - Mongolia
- Siberia
  - Buryatiya
  - Chita
  - Irkutsk

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - East European Russia
- Middle Europe
  - Czechoslovakia

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - Labrador
  - New Brunswick
  - Newfoundland
  - Nova Scotia
  - Ontario
  - Québec
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Illinois
  - Iowa
  - Minnesota
  - Wisconsin
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut
  - Indiana
  - Maine
  - Massachusetts
  - Michigan
  - New Hampshire
  - New York
  - Ohio
  - Pennsylvania
  - Rhode Island
  - Vermont
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado
  - Wyoming
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Mississippi
  - North Carolina
  - Virginia
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Utah
- Subarctic America
  - Alaska
  - Yukon
- Western Canada
  - Alberta
  - Manitoba
  - Saskatchewan

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000404478
UNII	G280W4MW6E
Canadensys	8199
USDA Plants	RHRH2
Tropicos	26001783
Flora of Italy	10521
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:301818-2
The Plant List	kew-2425570
Plantarium	31705
Open Tree Of Life	693832
Observations.org	141287
NCBI Taxonomy	3621
Nature Serve	2.961292
IPNI	301818-2
iNaturalist	51251
GBIF	2888867
Freebase	/m/0fl3p
EPPO	RHERH
EOL	485576
Elurikkus	6788
USDA GRIN	404883
Wikipedia	Rhubarb
CMAUP	NPO88

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Potential JAK2 Inhibitors from Selected Natural Compounds: A Promising Approach for Complementary Therapy in Cancer Patients

Vaziri-Amjad S, Rahgosha R, Taherkhani A

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med

26-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11068457
doi:	10.1155/2024/1114928
PMID:	38706884

A chromosome-level genome reveals genome evolution and molecular basis of anthraquinone biosynthesis in Rheum palmatum

Zhang T, Zhou L, Pu Y, Tang Y, Liu J, Yang L, Zhou T, Feng L, Wang X

BMC Plant Biol

10-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11005207
doi:	10.1186/s12870-024-04972-2
PMID:	38594606

Internal m6A and m7G RNA modifications in hematopoietic system and acute myeloid leukemia

Zhang X, Ma Y, Yu J, Su R, Wang X

Chin Med J (Engl)

28-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11062654
doi:	10.1097/CM9.0000000000003073
PMID:	38545694

Biotechnological Prospects of Thermoanerobacter AK15: End-Product Formation from Carbohydrates, Amino Acids, and Lignocellulosic and Macroalgae Hydrolysates

Orlygsson J, Scully SM

Int J Mol Sci

20-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10971038
doi:	10.3390/ijms25063490
PMID:	38542473

Traditional Knowledge Evolution over Half of a Century: Local Herbal Resources and Their Changes in the Upper Susa Valley of Northwest Italy

Sulaiman N, Zocchi DM, Borrello MT, Mattalia G, Antoniazzi L, Berlinghof SE, Bewick A, Häfliger I, Schembs M, Torri L, Pieroni A

Plants (Basel)

22-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10780445
doi:	10.3390/plants13010043
PMID:	38202351

A Review on Bioactive Anthraquinone and Derivatives as the Regulators for ROS

Zhao L, Zheng L

Molecules

17-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10745977
doi:	10.3390/molecules28248139
PMID:	38138627

Latin American Plants against Microorganisms

Cuevas-Cianca SI, Romero-Castillo C, Gálvez-Romero JL, Sánchez-Arreola E, Juárez ZN, Hernández LR

Plants (Basel)

28-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10708099
doi:	10.3390/plants12233997
PMID:	38068631

Ethnobotanical study of traditional forage plants in the Gansu–Ningxia–Inner Mongolia junction zone: conservation and sustainable utilization for animal husbandry

Xie J, Liu X, Luo M, Liu F, Liu S, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Zhao W, Wu F

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

15-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10652598
doi:	10.1186/s13002-023-00625-0
PMID:	37968695

Novel acaricidal and growth-regulating activity of Aloe vera and Rheum rhabarbarum extracts and their oil/water nanoemulsions against the camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii

Radwan IT, Eltaly RI, Baz MM, Yousif M, Selim A, Taie HA, Manaa EA, Khater HF

Sci Rep

05-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10556011
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-43776-6
PMID:	37798348

The most polyphagous insect herbivore? Host plant associations of the Meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (L.)

Thompson V, Harkin C, Stewart AJ

PLoS One

04-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10602594
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0291734
PMID:	37792900

Simultaneously Determined Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Activity of Randomly Selected Plant Secondary Metabolites and Plant Extracts

Maliar T, Maliarová M, Blažková M, Kunštek M, Uváčková Ľ, Viskupičová J, Purdešová A, Beňovič P

Molecules

30-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10574746
doi:	10.3390/molecules28196890
PMID:	37836733

Natural Products: A Dependable Source of Therapeutic Alternatives for Inflammatory Bowel Disease through Regulation of Tight Junctions

Peng J, Li H, Olaolu OA, Ibrahim S, Ibrahim S, Wang S

Molecules

28-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10488775
doi:	10.3390/molecules28176293
PMID:	37687122

New Plants, New Resources, New Knowledge: Early Introductions of Exotic Plants to Indigenous Territories in Northwestern North America

Turner NJ

Plants (Basel)

28-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10490097
doi:	10.3390/plants12173087
PMID:	37687334

Advances in research and utilization of botanical pesticides for agricultural pest management in Inner Mongolia, China

Guo C, Wang L, Chen N, Zhang M, Jia J, Lv L, Li M

Chin Herb Med

28-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC11064588
doi:	10.1016/j.chmed.2023.04.002
PMID:	38706822

Oxalate in Foods: Extraction Conditions, Analytical Methods, Occurrence, and Health Implications

Salgado N, Silva MA, Figueira ME, Costa HS, Albuquerque TG

Foods

25-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10486698
doi:	10.3390/foods12173201
PMID:	37685134

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthracenecarboxylic acids and derivatives / Anthracenecarboxylic acids
Rhein	10168	Click to see	284.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02319565 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(84)90016-3
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones
((2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(8-Hydroxy-6-Methyl-9,10-Dioxoanthracen-1-Yl)Oxyoxan-2-Yl)Methyl 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoate	5315852	Click to see	568.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Aloe emodin	10207	Click to see	270.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2014.03.059 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02319565 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(84)90016-3
aloe-emodin-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside	44339807	Click to see	432.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Anthraquinone	6780	Click to see	208.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
Chrysophanein	6324923	Click to see	416.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Chrysophanol	10208	Click to see	254.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Chrysophanol-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside [M+H]+	4483734	Click to see	416.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.23.830
Physcion	10639	Click to see	284.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02319565 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976414 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(84)90016-3
Pulmatin	442731	Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=CC=C3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	416.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.23.830
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones / Hydroxyanthraquinones
Emodin	3220	Click to see	270.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02319565 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976414 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(84)90016-3
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid	370	Click to see	170.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Hydrocarbon derivatives / Tropones / Tropolones
Hinokitiol	3611	Click to see CC(C)C1=CC(=O)C(=CC=C1)O	164.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
Nootkatin	238797	Click to see CC(C)C1=CC(=O)C(=CC=C1CC=C(C)C)O	232.32	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Kaurane diterpenoids
(1S,4S,9S,10S,13R,14R)-5,5,9,14-tetramethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecan-14-ol	101306763	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)C(C4)(C)O)C)C	290.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
Cuparene	86895	Click to see	202.33	unknown	via CMAUP database
Humulene	5281520	Click to see	204.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
Thujopsene	442402	Click to see	204.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Cedrane and isocedrane sesquiterpenoids
(3R,3aS,7S,8aR)-3,6,8,8-tetramethyl-2,3,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1H-3a,7-methanoazulene	60147472	Click to see	204.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(2alpha,3beta)-20(29)-Lupene-2,3,28-triol	74976566	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C(C3(CC2)C)(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)O)O)C)C)CO	458.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00297-K
(2alpha,3beta)-Lup-20(29)-ene-2,3,28-triol	15226242	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C(C3(CC2)C)(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)O)O)C)C)CO	458.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00297-K
3,28-Dihexadecanoyl 20(29)-lupene-2a,3b,28-triol	131753061	Click to see	935.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00297-K
Lup-20(29)-ene-2,3,28-triol, 3,28-dihexadecanoate, (2alpha,3beta)-	15226244	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC12CCC(C1C3CCC4C(C3(CC2)C)(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)O)C)C)C(=C)C	935.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00297-K
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Hydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Dihydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives
3-Dehydro-6-deoxoteasterone	16061345	Click to see	432.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-Dehydroteasterone	14353979	Click to see CC(C)C(C)C(C(C(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC(=O)C4C3(CCC(=O)C4)C)C)O)O	446.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Hydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Tetrahydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives
24-Epicastasterone	11812633	Click to see	464.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00297-K
6-Deoxocastasterone	13870433	Click to see	450.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Hydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Trihydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives
6-Deoxotyphasterol	16061346	Click to see	434.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Teasterone	13475125	Click to see	448.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Typhasterol	13475120	Click to see	448.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Ergostane steroids / Ergosterols and derivatives
(3S,8S,9S,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	134766514	Click to see	400.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00297-K
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Pregnane steroids / Gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives
[(3R,5S,8S,9S,10S,11R,13R,14S,17R)-17-ethenyl-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-11-yl] acetate	25180961	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2(C(CCC2C3C1C4(CCC(CC4CC3)O)C)C=C)C	360.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1969.TB10367.X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid lactones / Brassinolides and derivatives
24-Epibrassinolide	443055	Click to see	480.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Brassinolide	115196	Click to see CC(C)C(C)C(C(C(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2COC(=O)C4C3(CC(C(C4)O)O)C)C)O)O	480.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00297-K
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00297-K
Isofucosterol	5281326	Click to see	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00297-K
Stigmasterol	5280794	Click to see	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00297-K
> Organic acids and derivatives / Hydroxy acids and derivatives / Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives
L-Malic Acid	222656	Click to see	134.09	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1267148/ https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01916508
Malic Acid	525	Click to see	134.09	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01916508 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1267148/
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Tertiary alcohols
Widdrol	94334	Click to see	222.37	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
Torachrysone 8-O-Glucoside	11972479	Click to see	408.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(01)00093-1
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acid esters / Hydroxycinnamic acid glycosides
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	4628123	Click to see	386.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85297-8
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	72727649	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC(=O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O	326.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85297-8
1-O-(4-coumaroyl)-beta-D-glucose	14158117	Click to see	326.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85297-8
1-O-Feruloyl-beta-D-glucose	13962928	Click to see	356.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85297-8
1-O-Sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose	5280406	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C=CC(=O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	386.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85297-8
Ferulic Acid Acyl-b-D-glucoside	72983454	Click to see	356.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85297-8
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
Cupressuflavone	5281609	Click to see	538.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Anthocyanins / Anthocyanidin-3-O-glycosides
Chrysanthemin	44256715	Click to see	449.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1969.TB10367.X
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxan-2-Yl)Oxychromen-4-One	5378597	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82888-5
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	162995337	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82888-5
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	16667665	Click to see	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82888-5
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-3-yl 6-deoxyhexopyranoside	5353915	Click to see	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82888-5
Isoquercitin	10813969	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82888-5
Vitamin P	5293655	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82888-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Coumestans
1,3-Dihydroxy-8,9-dimethoxy-[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]chromen-6-one	11602329	Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C3=C(O2)C4=C(C=C(C=C4OC3=O)O)O)OC	328.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.23.830 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02319565 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976414 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(84)90016-3
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes
(E)-3,3',4,5'-Tetramethoxystilbene	5387294	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC)OC)OC	300.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
(E)-3,5,4'-Trimethoxystilbene	5388063	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC)OC	270.32	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-[(E)-2-(3,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-5-methoxy-phenol	15698945	Click to see	286.32	unknown	via CMAUP database
3,3',4,5'-Tetrahydroxybibenzyl	152444	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1CCC2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O)O)O	246.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
3,3',5-Trihydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene	53394021	Click to see	258.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(01)00093-1 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02978247 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2004.07.007 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.24.264 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(00)00215-7 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10489881/ https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(99)00702-7
3,4',5-Trihydroxy-3'-methoxystilbene	53395093	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O)O	258.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2004.07.007
4-[2-(3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene-1,2-diol	4813	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O)O)O	244.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.24.264 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-990246 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2004.07.007
4,3',5'-tri-O-methylpiceatannol	5385086	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC)OC)O	286.32	unknown	via CMAUP database
5-(2-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)benzene-1,3-diol	11459623	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CCC2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O)O	260.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
5-(2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)Ethenyl)Benzene-1,3-Diol	5056	Click to see	228.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(00)00215-7 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.24.264 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(01)00093-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2004.07.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(99)00702-7
5-[2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-2-methoxyphenol	90972619	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C=CC2=CC(=CC=C2)O)O	242.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(01)00093-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(00)00215-7 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10489881/ https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(99)00702-7 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.24.264
5-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene-1,3-diol	5040205	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O	242.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2004.07.007 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.24.264
cis-Stilbene	5356785	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2	180.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2004.07.007
Desoxyrhapontigenin	6255462	Click to see	242.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2004.07.007 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.24.264
Dibenzyl	7647	Click to see	182.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
Dihydroresveratrol	185914	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CCC2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O)O	230.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isorhapontigenin	5318650	Click to see	258.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2004.07.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(00)00215-7
Piceatannol	667639	Click to see	244.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-990246 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(00)00215-7 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10489881/ https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.24.264 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2004.07.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(01)00093-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(99)00702-7
Resveratrol	445154	Click to see	228.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(00)00215-7 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.24.264 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(01)00093-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2004.07.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(99)00702-7
Rhapontigenin	5320954	Click to see	258.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(01)00093-1 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02978247 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2004.07.007 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.24.264 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(00)00215-7 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10489881/ https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(99)00702-7
trans-Stilbene	638088	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2	180.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes / Stilbene glycosides
(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[3-[(E)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5-methoxyphenoxy]-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxane	44339901	Click to see	504.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[5-[(E)-2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxane	44339880	Click to see	504.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-5-[(E)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate	163189468	Click to see	614.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2004.07.007
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-[3-hydroxy-5-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	146160893	Click to see	572.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.24.264
[4,5-Dihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-5-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	85110958	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)O)O	572.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.24.264
[4,5-Dihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-5-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate	162884416	Click to see	614.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2004.07.007
2-[3-Hydroxy-5-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	5062	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O	420.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19372750502 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2004.07.007 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.24.264 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.23.830
2-[3-Hydroxy-5-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	5090283	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O	420.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2004.07.007
2-{3-Hydroxy-5-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	4430533	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O	404.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.24.264
3-HYDROXY-5-(2-(3-HYDROXY-4-METHOXYPHENYL)ETHYL)PHENYL beta-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE	11430133	Click to see	422.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Desoxyrhaponticin	5316606	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O	404.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(01)00093-1 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.24.264 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(00)00215-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(99)00702-7
Isorhapontin	5281716	Click to see	420.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(01)00093-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2004.07.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(99)00702-7
Piceatannol 3'-O-glucoside	11968990	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O	406.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2004.07.007 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.24.264
Quzhaqigan	73157324	Click to see	406.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2004.07.007 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.24.264
Rhaponticin	637213	Click to see	420.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.24.264 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19372750502 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(84)90016-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(01)00093-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMC.2004.07.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(99)00702-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976414 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02978247 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(00)00215-7 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.23.830
Rhaponticin 2''-O-gallate	10325743	Click to see	572.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(01)00093-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(00)00215-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(99)00702-7 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.24.264
Rhaponticin 6''-O-gallate	10076782	Click to see	572.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(01)00093-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(00)00215-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(99)00702-7 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.24.264

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Rheum rhabarbarum

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