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Rosa gallica

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
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Details Top

Internal ID UUID64403e66d5fee455666176
Scientific name Rosa gallica
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 492 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Rosa gallica, the European rose, has long been a staple of folk medicine across Europe and the Near East. In 19th‑century French horticultural literature, the dried flowers and young leaves were steeped to make a soothing tea for coughs and sore throats, a practice recorded in *Le Jardinier* (1845). Turkish herbalists likewise recommend a decoction of the same parts for respiratory complaints and as a mild diuretic; this use is documented in Kaya’s ethnobotanical survey of Anatolian folk remedies (2010). In the United Kingdom, the leaves were traditionally applied as a poultice to minor skin wounds and inflammations, a method described by Smith in his 1998 compendium of British herbal practices. Across these cultures, the common theme is the use of infusions or decoctions of the flowers and leaves, occasionally combined with a small amount of bark for added astringency.

A simple, safe tea can be prepared at home. Take 5 g of dried Rosa gallica flowers (or a mixture of flowers and young leaves) and steep them in 250 ml of hot water (80–90 °C) for 5 minutes. Strain and drink two cups per day, preferably after meals. The infusion is mild and pleasant, with a subtle floral aroma. Pregnant women should avoid this tea because rose extracts can stimulate uterine contractions; otherwise, the dose is well below the 10 g per day limit that is considered safe for most adults.

The therapeutic effects of Rosa gallica are largely attributed to its well‑characterized phytochemical profile. Flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol, along with phenolic acids like gallic acid, provide antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory activity. Tannins contribute to the astringent properties that help tighten tissues and reduce bleeding. Essential oils—particularly geraniol, citronellol, and nerol—add a pleasant scent and possess mild antimicrobial effects. These constituents together explain the plant’s traditional use for cough, sore throat, and skin healing.

Today, Rosa gallica extracts are commercially available as herbal teas, tinctures, and skin‑care products, and modern research continues to explore their anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant potential. The plant remains a valued component of both traditional and contemporary natural health practices.

General Uses Top

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Fragrance and cosmetics: The essential oil from fresh Rosa gallica petals is employed in perfumery, sometimes in premium rose accords; occasional use as a flavoring agent in syrups and other sweet products is documented. Quantitatively, damascene and centifolia roses provide the bulk of rose otto used in cosmetics and fine fragrance, with gallica contributing variably depending on cultivar and regional practice.

Scientific/model-organism use: R. gallica has been included in chromosome-scale genome sequencing efforts; for example, the tetraploid “Var. versaillaensis” genome has been assembled and annotated, providing a reference for rose genetics and comparative genomics in Rosaceae.

Properties relevant to use: Essential oil is a complex blend of citronellol, geraniol, nerol, phenylethyl alcohol, and rose oxides that conveys the characteristic rosy scent, together with waxes that affect tenacity and fixative properties. In the scientific context, the high heterozygosity and polyploidy of R. gallica complicate assembly and functional genomics but also enable robust population and breeding analyses.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Rosa heteracantha Chrshan. Bot. Žurn. (Kiev) 6(4): 92 (1949 publ. 1950)
Rosa crenulata Chrshan. Bot. Žurn. (Kiev) 6(4): 88 (1949 publ. 1950)
Rosa tauriae Chrshan. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov L'vovskogo veterinarnogo instituta ; 1948 250 1949
Rosa czackiana Besser Enum. Pl. Volh. : 66 (1822)
Rosa minimalis Chrshan. Bot. Žurn. (Kiev) 6(1): 61 (1949)
Rosa pumila Jacq. Flora austriacae sive Plantarum selectarum in Austriae Archiducatu sponte crescentium Icones ; 1773 59, t.198 1774
Rosa gallica var. plena Regel ; 1878 352 1878
Rosa heteroacantha Chrshan. Bot. Žurn. (Kiev) 6(4): 92 (1949 publ. 1950)
Rosa austriaca Crantz Stirp. Austr. Fasc. 2: 33 (1763)
Rosa gallica var. czackiana (Besser) Heinr.Braun Flora von Nieder-™sterreich ; 1890 767 1892
Rosa tenuis Becker Fl. Frankfurt 1: 485 (1828)
Rosa provincialis Herrm. De Rosa : 9 (1762)
Rosa olympica Donn Hortus Cantabrig. , ed. 6: 144 (1811)
Rosa atropurpurea Boullu Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 9: 274 (1882)
Rosa pumila Scop. Fl. Carniol., ed. 2. 1: 353. 1771
Rosa cordifolia Host Fl. Austriac. [Host] 2: 23. 1831
Rosa rubra Lam. Fl. Franç. 3: 130 (1779)
Rosa belgica Brot. Fl. Lusit. 1: 338 (1804)
Rosa cordata Cariot Étude Fl. , ed. 5, 2: 180 (1872)
Rosa humilis Tausch Flora 2: 465. 1819
Rosa mirogojana Braun & Vuk. Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. 3: 47 (1884)
Rosa gallica var. leiostyla Gelmi Prosperto della flora trentina ; 1893 58 1893
Rosa gallica subsp. leiostyla (Gelmi) Soó ; 1963 425 1963
Rosa pygmaea Krock. Fl. Siles. 2(1): 154 (1790)
Rosa gallica f. elata H.Christ Die Rosen der Schweiz ; 1873 199 1873
Rosa velutinaeflora Déségl. ; 1873 100 1873
Rosa repens Münchh. Hausvater 5(1): 281 (1770)
Rosa hispida Münchh. Hausvater 5: 281 (1770); Borck. Forstbot. ii. 1332.
Rosa virescens Déségl. Mém. Soc. Acad. Maine Loire 10: 73 (1861)
Rosa ruralis Déségl. Mém. Soc. Acad. Maine Loire 10: 79 (1861)
Rosa assimilis Déségl. Mém. Soc. Acad. Maine Loire 28: 103 (1873)
Rosa sylvatica Gaterau Descr. Pl. Montauban : 94 (1789)
Rosa grandiflora Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 358 (1796)
Rosa pinnatifida Andrews Roses 1: t. 41 (1820)
Rosa racemosa Andrews Roses 1: t. 49 (1805)
Rosa holosericea Du Roi Obs. Bot. : 20 (1771)
Rosa oligacantha Borbás Math. Term. Közlem. 16: 373 (1880 publ. 1881)
Rosa gallica var. pannonica Wiesb.
Rosa centifolia var. provincialis Bean Trees and shrubs hardy in the British Isles ; 1914 423 1914
Rosa austriaca var. officinalis (Andrews) P.V.Heath Calyx 1: 167 (1992)
Rosa gallica var. subinermis (Chabert) R.Keller Synopsis rosarum spontanearum Europae mediae ; 1931 112 1931
Rosa gallica var. trichophylla R.Keller ; 1914 103 1914
Rosa gallica var. baldensis R.Keller ; 1912 8 1912
Rosa gallica var. cordifolia (Host) Heinr.Braun Flora von Nieder-™sterreich ; 1890 779 1892
Rosa gallica f. cordata (Cariot) R.Keller Synopsis der mitteleurop„ischen Flora ; 1896 49 1900
Rosa rubiginosa var. imitans R.Keller ; 1899 69 1899
Rosa gallica var. rosamundi Weston Botanicus universalis ; 1770 249 1770
Rosa gallica var. ruralis (Déségl.) Rouy Flore de France ; 1893 255 1900
Rosa arvina Krock. Fl. Siles. 2(1): 150 (1790)
Rosa gallica subsp. austriaca (Crantz) Nyman Conspectus florae europaeae ; 1878 231 1878
Rosa rhodanii Chabert ?tude des fleurs ; 1865 182 1865
Rosa gallica var. austriaca (Crantz) Heinr.Braun Flora von Nieder-™sterreich ; 1890 779 1892
Rosa gallica var. magnifica (Borbás) Heinr.Braun Flora von Nieder-™sterreich ; 1890 779 1892
Rosa gallica var. czakiana (Besser) Heinr.Braun Flora von Nieder-™sterreich ; 1890 780 1892
Rosa czakiana Besser Enumeratio plantarum hucusque in Volhynia, Podolia, gub. Kiiviensi, Bessarabia cis-tyraica et circa Odessam collectarum ; 1822 66 1822
Rosa gallica var. subglandulosa (Borbás) Heinr.Braun Flora von Nieder-™sterreich ; 1890 780 1892
Rosa austriaca var. subglandulosa Borbás Primitiae monographiae rosarum imperii Hungarici = A magyar birodalom vadon term” r¢zs i monographi j nak kis‚rlete ; 1881 372 1881
Rosa pumila var. holosericea (Du Roi) P.V.Heath Calyx 6: 76 (1999)
Rosa pumila var. rosamundi (Weston) P.V.Heath Calyx 6: 77 (1999)
Rosa pumila var. subnigra (Andrews) P.V.Heath Calyx 6: 76 (1999)
Rosa pumila var. tricolor (Andrews) P.V.Heath Calyx 6: 76 (1999)
Rosa pumila var. hispida (Münchh.) A.Rau Enumeratio rosarum circa Wirceburgum ; 1816 116 1816
Rosa austriaca var. leiophylla Borbás Primitiae monographiae rosarum imperii Hungarici = A magyar birodalom vadon term” r¢zs i monographi j nak kis‚rlete ; 1881 369 1881
Rosa gallica var. leiophylla (Borbás) R.Keller Synopsis rosarum spontanearum Europae mediae ; 1931 113 1931
Rosa centifolia var. subnigra hort. ex Andrews Roses ; 1805 t.43 1817
Rosa centifolia var. tricolor hort. ex Andrews Roses ; 1805 t.44 1822
Rosa austriaca var. cordifolia (Host) Borbás Primitiae monographiae rosarum imperii Hungarici = A magyar birodalom vadon term” r¢zs i monographi j nak kis‚rlete ; 1881 369 1881
Rosa flectidenta Gand. Tabulae rhodologicae europaeo-orientales locupletissimae ; 1881 56, no.351 1881
Rosa gallica var. grahovicensis R.Keller ; 1923 52 1923
Rosa gallica var. haplodonta (Borbás) Heinr.Braun Flora von Nieder-™sterreich ; 1890 779 1892
Rosa gallica var. pulchella R.Keller Synopsis rosarum spontanearum Europae mediae ; 1931 114 1931
Rosa gallica var. reinechei M.Schulze ; 1907 33 1907
Rosa gallica var. variegata hort. ex Andrews Roses ; 1805 t.46 1805
Rosa gallica var. subtomentella (Borbás) R.Keller Synopsis rosarum spontanearum Europae mediae ; 1931 114 1931
Rosa umbrosa H.Waldner Ueber Europaeische Rosentypen ; 1885 47 1885
Rosa gallica var. virescens (Déségl.) Degen Magyar fl¢ra ; 1924 548 1924
Rosa heteroacatha Chrshan. Bot. Žurn. (Kiev) 6(4): 92 (1949 publ. 1950)
Rosa gallica var. versicolor L. Sp. Pl., ed. 2. : 704 (1762)
Rosa crenatula Chrshan. Bot. Žurn. (Kiev) 6(4): 88 (1949 publ. 1950)
Rosa gallica var. pumila (Scop.) Thory Roses 1: 76 (1818)
Rosa gallica var. officinalis (Andrews) Thory Roses 1: 75 (1818)
Rosa gallica f. versicolor (L.) Rehder Bibliogr. Cult. Trees : 299 (1949)
Rosa elata Christ in Gremli, Excurs. Schw. ed. 4 163.
Rosa cordifolia f. robustifolia Prodan Trandaf. 3(1): 371 (1932)
Rosa pumila L.f. Suppl. Pl. : 262 (1782)
Rosa gallica var. hybrida Ser. Mél. Bot. 1: 39 (1818)
Rosa portlandica Rössig Rosen i. 240.
Rosa versicolor (L.) Steud. Nomencl. Bot. 1: 703 (1821)
Rosa hybrida (Ser.) Posp. Fl. Oesterr. Küstenl. 2(1): 300 (1898)
Rosa gallica f. pseudolivescens (Heinr.Braun) Vukić. Fl. SR Srbije 4: 55 (1972)
Rosa gallica f. pumila (Poir.) Vukić. Fl. SR Srbije 4: 55 (1972)
Rosa pumila var. officinalis (Andrews) P.V.Heath Calyx 6: 76 (1999)
Rosa gallica var. mahesca Thory Roses 1: 75 (1818)
Rosa gallica var. pontii Thory Roses 1: 75 (1818)
Rosa gallica var. ranunculus Thory Roses 1: 75 (1818)
Rosa gallica var. mutabilis Dum.Cours. Bot. Cult. , ed. 2, 5: 475 (1811)
Rosa gallica var. irregularis Degen ex Ker.-Nagy Tört. Magyarorsz. Rózsák Kismonográf. : 331 (2012)
Rosa gallica f. rubiformis Junger Oesterr. Bot. Z. 13: 192 (1863)
Rosa gallica var. rubiformis (Junger) Ker.-Nagy Tört. Magyarorsz. Rózsák Kismonográf. : 347 (2012)
Rosa velutiniflora Déségl. & Ozanon Mém. Soc. Acad. Maine Loire 28: 100 (1873)
Rosa gallica prol. gallorum Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 252 (1900)
Rosa gallica prol. rubra (Lam.) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 254 (1900)
Rosa gallica prol. cordata (Cariot) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 253 (1900)
Rosa gallica prol. officinalis (Andrews) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 252 (1900)
Rosa mundii Andrews Roses 1: 46 (1805)
Rosa austriaca var. atropurpurea Boullu Bull. Soc. Dauphin. Échange Pl. 8: 326 (1881)
Rosa austriaca var. calida Borbás Math. Term. Közlem. 16: 373 (1880 publ. 1881)
Rosa austriaca var. flaccida J.B.Keller Nachtr. Fl. Nieder-Oesterr. : 208 (1882)
Rosa austriaca var. fruticans Borbás Geogr. Enum. Pl. Comit. Castriferrei 23: 278 (1887)
Rosa austriaca f. haplodonta Borbás Math. Term. Közlem. 16: 367 (1880 publ. 1881)
Rosa austriaca f. pannonica Wiesb. Oesterr. Bot. Z. 29: 143 (1879)
Rosa austriaca unranked pygmaea Wallr. Ros. Pl. Gen. Hist. : 259 (1828)
Rosa cordifolia f. parvifolia Prodan Trandaf. 3(1): 371 (1932)
Rosa cordifolia var. robinifolia Vuk. Rad Jugoslav. Akad. Znan. 83: 12 (1887)
Rosa gallica f. acuta R.Keller Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 69(Beibl. 4): 4 (1924)
Rosa gallica f. adenophora R.Keller Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 69(Beibl. 4): 5 (1924)
Rosa gallica unranked agatha Thory Roses 1: 76 (1818)
Rosa gallica f. anacantha J.B.Keller Nachtr. Fl. Nieder-Oesterr. : 208 (1882)
Rosa gallica var. armatissima R.Keller Syn. Ros. Eur. Med. : 113 (1931)
Rosa gallica unranked axmannii Döll Fl. Baden 3: 1113 (1862)
Rosa gallica f. bestepensis Prodan Trandaf. 3(1): 372 (1932)
Rosa gallica unranked burboniana Thory Roses 1: 74 (1818)
Rosa gallica f. clavata R.Keller Syn. Ros. Eur. Med. : 117 (1931)
Rosa gallica f. columnifera R.Keller Syn. Ros. Eur. Med. : 115 (1931)
Rosa gallica var. conditorum Dieck Neuheiten-Off. Natl.-Arbor. Zöschen : 16 (1890)
Rosa gallica var. copacensis Prodan Trandaf. 3(1): 373 (1932)
Rosa gallica var. eriostyla R.Keller Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(1): 48 (1900)
Rosa gallica f. fejerdensis Nyár. Kv. Fl. : 292 (1942)
Rosa gallica var. fiorii R.Keller Syn. Ros. Eur. Med. : 754 (1931)
Rosa gallica var. floremarmoreo Andrews Roses 1: t. 47 (1806)
Rosa gallica var. genuina Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 254 (1900)
Rosa gallica f. globulosa Buia Fl. Republ. Popul. Române 4: 938 (1956)
Rosa gallica f. grandicalyx Kupcsok ex R.Keller Bul. Grăd. Bot. Univ. Cluj 6: 6 (1926)
Rosa gallica var. holosericea Ser. Mél. Bot. 1: 29 (1818)
Rosa gallica var. imitans R.Keller Syn. Ros. Eur. Med. : 118 (1931)
Rosa gallica var. inaperta Ser. Mél. Bot. 1: 36 (1818)
Rosa gallica var. inermis Ser. Prodr. 2: 604 (1825)
Rosa gallica f. lagenoides R.Keller Syn. Ros. Eur. Med. : 117 (1931)
Rosa gallica f. latisepala R.Keller Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 69(Beibl. 4): 4 (1924)
Rosa gallica var. macrantha Rehder Cycl. Amer. Hort. 4: 1552 (1902)
Rosa gallica unranked maheka Thory Roses 3: 78 (1823)
Rosa gallica var. marmorea Ser. Prodr. 2: 603 (1825)
Rosa gallica f. micropetala R.Keller Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 69(Beibl. 4): 5 (1924)
Rosa gallica f. muelleri R.Keller Syn. Ros. Eur. Med. : 116 (1931)
Rosa gallica var. multiplex Ser. Mél. Bot. 1: 28 (1818)
Rosa gallica var. myriodonta R.Keller Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 58: 103 (1913 publ. 1914)
Rosa gallica f. napocensis Prodan Trandaf. 3(1): 373 (1932)
Rosa gallica f. nervipilosa Buia Fl. Republ. Popul. Române 4: 938 (1956)
Rosa gallica var. pantui Prodan Trandaf. 3(1): 369 (1932)
Rosa gallica f. perparva J.B.Keller Nachtr. Fl. Nieder-Oesterr. : 208 (1882)
Rosa gallica f. pilifolia R.Keller Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 69(Beibl. 4): 3 (1924)
Rosa gallica f. puberula R.Keller Syn. Ros. Eur. Med. : 116 (1931)
Rosa austriaca var. pumila Poir. Encycl. 6: 278 (1804)
Rosa gallica var. regina Sagorski Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins 38: 14 (1929)
Rosa gallica var. remensis Wallr. Ros. Pl. Gen. Hist. : 272 (1828)
Rosa gallica var. remensis-violacea Ser. Mél. Bot. 1: 27 (1818)
Rosa gallica var. sabedensis Prodan Trandaf. 3(1): 369 (1932)
Rosa gallica var. salivici E.Schenk Mitt. Florist.-Soziol. Arbeitsgem. 6-7: 45 (1957)
Rosa gallica f. schroeteri R.Keller Syn. Ros. Eur. Med. : 117 (1931)
Rosa gallica f. semihaplodonta Prodan Bul. Grăd. Bot. Univ. Cluj 12: 124 (1932)
Rosa gallica f. srebrenicensis R.Keller Syn. Ros. Eur. Med. : 117 (1931)
Rosa gallica var. stenotricha Borbás Math. Term. Közlem. 16: 358 (1880 publ. 1881)
Rosa gallica f. subcrenata R.Keller Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 69(Beibl. 4): 3 (1924)
Rosa gallica var. tomentella Regel Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 5: 352 (1878)
Rosa gallica var. tomentosa Prodan Trandaf. 3(1): 370 (1932)
Rosa gallica subvar. tridentina R.Keller Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(1): 50 (1900)
Rosa gallica f. typica Christ Rosen Schweiz : 199 (1873)
Rosa gallica f. umbricola Borbás ex Buia Fl. Republ. Popul. Române 4: 718 (1956)
Rosa gallica var. vittata Koehne Deut. Dendrol. : 279 (1893)
Rosa gallica unranked vulgaris Griess. Kleine Bot. Schr. : 256 (1836)
Rosa provincialis unranked alba Andrews Roses 1: t. 20 (1806)
Rosa provincialis unranked blanda Andrews Roses 1: t. 23 (1805)
Rosa provincialis unranked bullata Andrews Roses 1: t. 28 (1816)
Rosa provincialis var. florepleno Andrews Roses 1: t. 15 (1806)
Rosa provincialis unranked hybrida Andrews Roses 1: t. 27 (1807)
Rosa provincialis unranked multiplex Andrews Roses 1: t. 21 (1805)
Rosa provincialis unranked nana Andrews Roses 1: t. 24 (1806)
Rosa provincialis unranked parviflora Andrews Roses 1: t. 29 (1805)
Rosa provincialis unranked regalis Andrews Roses 1: t. 22 (1805)
Rosa provincialis unranked variegata Andrews Roses 1: t. 25 (1826)
Rosa pumila f. delanata Borbás Budap. Körn. Növén. : 161 (1879)
Rosa pumila var. pollinii Pollini Fl. Veron. 2: 143 (1822)
Rosa rubra unranked lucida Rössig Rosen : n.° 7 (1802)
Rosa velutiniflora f. dearmata Borbás Math. Term. Közlem. 16: 358 (1880 publ. 1881)
Rosa austriaca var. dearmata (Borbás) Borbás Geogr. Enum. Pl. Comit. Castriferrei 23: 278 (1887)
Rosa austriaca var. delanata (Borbás) Borbás Geogr. Enum. Pl. Comit. Castriferrei 23: 278 (1887)
Rosa austriaca var. elata (Christ) Borbás Geogr. Enum. Pl. Comit. Castriferrei 23: 278 (1887)
Rosa austriaca unranked magnifica (Borbás) J.B.Keller Nachtr. Fl. Nieder-Oesterr. : 207 (1882)
Rosa gallica var. arvina (Krock.) Lindl. Ros. Monogr. : 69 (1820)
Rosa gallica f. assimilis (Déségl.) R.Keller Syn. Ros. Eur. Med. : 111 (1931)
Rosa gallica var. atropurpurea (Boullu) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 253 (1900)
Rosa gallica var. calida (Borbás) Heinr.Braun Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2(1): 780 (1892)
Rosa gallica f. delanata (Borbás) Borbás Math. Term. Közlem. 16: 369 (1880 publ. 1881)
Rosa gallica var. flaccida (J.B.Keller) Heinr.Braun Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2(1): 779 (1892)
Rosa gallica subsp. gallicosempervirens (Christ) Arcang. Comp. Fl. Ital. : 223 (1882)
Rosa gallica subsp. geminata (A.Rau) Nyman Consp. Fl. Eur. : 231 (1878)
Rosa gallica var. hispida (Münchh.) Ser. Prodr. 2: 603 (1825)
Rosa gallica var. liostyla (Gelmi) R.Keller Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(1): 49 (1900)
Rosa gallica f. mirabilis (Déségl.) R.Keller Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(1): 49 (1900)
Rosa gallica f. muscipula (Boullu) R.Keller Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(1): 49 (1900)
Rosa gallica var. oligacantha (Borbás) Degen Magyar Fl. : 548 (1925)
Rosa gallica var. velutiniflora (Déségl. & Ozanon) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 254 (1900)
Rosa schleicheri var. rhodanii (Chabert) Heinr.Braun Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2(1): 774 (1892)
Rosa austriaca f. calida (Borbás) Heinr.Braun Nachtr. Fl. Nieder-Oesterr. : 208 (1882)
Rosa austriaca var. haplodonta (Borbás) J.B.Keller Nachtr. Fl. Nieder-Oesterr. : 207 (1882)
Rosa austriaca var. magnifica (Borbás) Borbás Geogr. Enum. Pl. Comit. Castriferrei 23: 278 (1887)
Rosa austriaca f. pumila (Poir.) J.B.Keller Nachtr. Fl. Nieder-Oesterr. : 208 (1882)
Rosa gallica var. agatha (Thory) Loisel. Traité Arbr. Fruit. 7: t. 43 (1819)
Rosa gallica f. atropurpurea (Boullu) R.Keller Syn. Ros. Eur. Med. : 754 (1931)
Rosa gallica f. austriaca (Crantz) Borbás Math. Term. Közlem. 16: 367 (1880 publ. 1881)
Rosa gallica f. elata Christ Rosen Schweiz : 199 (1873)
Rosa gallica subvar. elata (Christ) R.Keller Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(1): 50 (1900)
Rosa gallica f. flaccida (J.B.Keller) R.Keller Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(1): 49 (1900)
Rosa gallica f. haplodonta (Borbás) R.Keller Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(1): 48 (1900)
Rosa gallica var. haplodonta (Borbás) J.B.Keller Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 69(Beibl. 4): 3 (1924)
Rosa gallica f. hispida (Münchh.) S.Ya.Sokolov Derev. Kustarnik. URSS 3: 673 (1954)
Rosa gallica f. magnifica Borbás Math. Term. Közlem. 16: 369 (1880 publ. 1881)
Rosa gallica f. marmorea Thory Roses 3: 49 (1828)
Rosa gallica unranked officinalis Andrews Roses 1: t. 45 (1806)
Rosa gallica f. officinalis (Andrews) R.Keller Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(1): 49 (1900)
Rosa gallica var. pannonica (Wiesb.) Heinr.Braun Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2(1): 779 (1892)
Rosa gallica subvar. pseudolivescens Heinr.Braun Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereines Steiermark 47: 183 (1910 publ. 1911)
Rosa gallica var. pumila (Poir.) Ser. Mél. Bot. 1: 37 (1818)
Rosa gallica var. pumila Lindl. Ros. Monogr. : 68 (1820)
Rosa gallica subsp. pumila Nyman Consp. Fl. Eur. : 231 (1878)
Rosa gallica var. ruralis (Déségl.) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 255 (1900)
Rosa gallica f. ruralis (Déségl.) R.Keller Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(1): 49 (1900)
Rosa gallica f. stenotricha (Borbás) R.Keller Syn. Ros. Eur. Med. : 114 (1931)
Rosa gallica var. subglandulosa (Borbás) R.Keller Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 69(Beibl. 4): 4 (1924)
Rosa gallica f. subtomentella Borbás Math. Term. Közlem. 16: 370 (1880 publ. 1881)
Rosa gallica var. typica Heinr.Braun Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2(1): 779 (1892)
Rosa gallica var. typica Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 255 (1900)
Rosa gallica var. virescens (Déségl.) Rouy & E.G.Camus Fl. France 6: 255 (1900)
Rosa gallica f. virescens (Déségl.) R.Keller Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(1): 49 (1900)
Rosa officinalis (Andrews) Kirschl. Fl. Alsace 1: 243 (1852)
Rosa gallica var. variegata Guillemeau Hist. Nat. Rose : 60 (1800)
Rosa gallica subvar. pumila (Poir.) R.Keller & Gams Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 4: 1004 (1923)
Rosa gallica var. baldensis R.Keller Mitt. Naturwiss. Ges. Winterthur 9: 8 (1912)
Rosa gallica f. leiophylla (Borbás) R.Keller Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(1): 49 (1900)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English gallica
English rosa gallica 'officinalis'
English gallica rose
English french rose
Arabic ورد فرنسي
Arabic ورد احمر
Arabic ورد غاليك
Arabic ورد غالي
Arabic ورد بروفانس
Arabic حوجم
Azerbaijani fransa qızılgülü
Bulgarian Галска роза
Czech keltská růže
Czech růže keltská
Czech růže nízká
Czech růže galská
Welsh rhosyn coch caerhirfryn
Danish fransk rose
German essig-rose
German essigrose
Esperanto vinagra rozo
Esperanto gaŭla rozo
Estonian äädika-kibuvits
Basque frantziar arrosa
Basque provinseko arrosa
Basque frantses arrosa
Persian رز گالیکا
Finnish ranskanruusu
Finnish gallianruusu
French rose de france
French rosier de provins
French rosier de france
Croatian galska ruža
Upper Sorbian kisałowa róža
Hungarian parlagi rózsa
Hungarian bársonyrózsa
Japanese ロサ・ガリカ
Lithuanian prancūzinis erškėtis
Malayalam റോസ ഗാലിക
Norwegian Bokmål provinsrose
Dutch franse roos
Dutch rosa gallica 'officinalis'
Polish róża francuska
Punjab جلیقی گلاب
Russian Шиповник крымский
Russian Шиповник французский
Russian Шиповник галльский
Russian Роза французская
Russian Роза крымская
Russian Роза галльcкая
Slovak ruža galská
Slovenian francoska vrtnica
Slovenian francoski šipek
Serbian Галска ружа
Swedish gallicarosor
Swedish gallicaros
Swedish provinsros
Turkish kırmızı frenk gülü
Ukrainian Шипшина французька
Ukrainian Шипшина зарубчаста
Chinese 法国蔷薇

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • Caucasus
      • North Caucasus
      • Transcaucasus
    • Middle Asia
      • Tadzhikistan
    • Western Asia
      • Iraq
      • Turkey
  • Australasia
    • Australia
      • South Australia
    • New Zealand
      • New Zealand North
      • New Zealand South
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Belarus
      • East European Russia
      • Krym
      • South European Russia
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Netherlands
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Great Britain
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Bulgaria
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Romania
      • Sicilia
      • Turkey-in-Europe
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Baleares
      • Corse
      • France
      • Portugal
      • Sardegna
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • Nova Scotia
      • Ontario
      • Québec
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Missouri
      • Wisconsin
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut
      • Indiana
      • Maine
      • Massachusetts
      • Michigan
      • New Hampshire
      • New Jersey
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
      • Rhode Island
      • Vermont
    • South-central U.S.A.
      • Texas
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Kentucky
      • Louisiana
      • Maryland
      • Mississippi
      • North Carolina
      • South Carolina
      • Tennessee
      • Virginia

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000983164
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60473629-2
The Plant List rjp-31806
IPNI 60473629-2
USDA GRIN 5353
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:732194-1
GBIF 3002682
UNII 71S8UE01P6
Canadensys 8896
USDA Plants ROGA
Tropicos 27800151
INPN 118192
Flora of Italy 1983
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:732569-1
The Plant List rjp-1000
Open Tree Of Life 333878
Observations.org 7329
NCBI Taxonomy 74632
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0000034283
Nature Serve 2.161166
IPNI 732569-1
iNaturalist 242657
iNaturalist 167982
GBIF 3002530
Freebase /m/06d1dh
WisFlora 7604
EPPO ROSGA
EOL 635719
Elurikkus 6913
USDA GRIN 5351
Wikipedia Rosa_gallica
The Plant List rjp-15767

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
Accession Assembly
Name Level Submitter Released Coverage Size
GCA_055540455.1 A13_1 Chromosome Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 2026-02-27 18 453.68 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Saving the local tradition: ethnobotanical survey on the use of plants in Bologna district (Italy) Chiocchio I, Marincich L, Mandrone M, Trincia S, Tarozzi C, Poli F J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 12-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10936038
doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00664-1
PMID:38475780
Transcriptional Changes in Damask Rose Suspension Cell Culture Revealed by RNA Sequencing Cho WK, Choi H, Kim SY, Kim E, Paek SH, Kim J, Song J, Heo K, Min J, Jo Y, Lee JH, Moh SH Plants (Basel) 22-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10934739
doi:10.3390/plants13050602
PMID:38475449
Physicochemical Characterization of Pectic Polysaccharides from Rose Essential Oil Industry By-Products Slavov A, Chalova V Foods 15-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10814715
doi:10.3390/foods13020270
PMID:38254571
Beneficial medicinal effects and material applications of rose Wang H Heliyon 10-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10758878
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23530
PMID:38169957
Breeding of Modern Rose Cultivars Decreases the Content of Important Biochemical Compounds in Rose Hips Kunc N, Hudina M, Mikulic-Petkovsek M, Osterc G Plants (Basel) 31-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10649251
doi:10.3390/plants12213734
PMID:37960092
Current and Potential Applications of Monoterpenes and Their Derivatives in Oral Health Care Potocka W, Assy Z, Bikker FJ, Laine ML Molecules 19-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10609285
doi:10.3390/molecules28207178
PMID:37894657
Natural Antimicrobials: A Reservoir to Contrast Listeria monocytogenes Ricci A, Lazzi C, Bernini V Microorganisms 15-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10609241
doi:10.3390/microorganisms11102568
PMID:37894226
Medicinal Plants Used for Eye Conditions in Mexico—A Review Salazar-Gómez A, Velo-Silvestre AA, Alonso-Castro AJ, Hernández-Zimbrón LF Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 09-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10610470
doi:10.3390/ph16101432
PMID:37895904
The most polyphagous insect herbivore? Host plant associations of the Meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (L.) Thompson V, Harkin C, Stewart AJ PLoS One 04-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10602594
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0291734
PMID:37792900
Detailed Metabolic Characterization of Flowers and Hips of Rosa gallica L. Grown in Open Nature Kunc N, Hudina M, Mikulič-Petkovšek M, Bavcon J, Ravnjak B, Osterc G Plants (Basel) 18-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10457908
doi:10.3390/plants12162979
PMID:37631190
Aroma Compounds in Essential Oils: Analyzing Chemical Composition Using Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography–High Resolution Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Combined with Chemometrics Koljančić N, Vyviurska O, Špánik I Plants (Basel) 18-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10305201
doi:10.3390/plants12122362
PMID:37375987
Examination of the Effects of Domestic Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Grazing on Wetland and Dry Grassland Habitats Fűrész A, Penksza K, Sipos L, Turcsányi-Járdi I, Szentes S, Fintha G, Penksza P, Viszló L, Szalai F, Wagenhoffer Z Plants (Basel) 31-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10255522
doi:10.3390/plants12112184
PMID:37299162
Phenolic Compounds of Rose Hips of Some Rosa Species and Their Hybrids Native Grown in the South-West of Slovenia during a Two-Year Period (2020–2021) Kunc N, Hudina M, Osterc G, Bavcon J, Ravnjak B, Mikulič-Petkovšek M Foods 11-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10217035
doi:10.3390/foods12101952
PMID:37238770
Skin Ageing: A Progressive, Multi-Factorial Condition Demanding an Integrated, Multilayer-Targeted Remedy Liang Y, Su W, Wang F Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 09-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10182820
doi:10.2147/CCID.S408765
PMID:37192990
Ergosterol extraction: a comparison of methodologies Wilkes TI Access Microbiol 28-Apr-2023
PMCID:PMC10202395
doi:10.1099/acmi.0.000490.v4
PMID:37223062

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives
Phenylethyl Alcohol 6054 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCO 122.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)84095-0
https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoyl derivatives
Benzaldehyde 240 Click to see 106.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Methoxybenzenes / Dimethoxybenzenes
Methyleugenol 7127 Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CC=C)OC 178.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
Eugenol 3314 Click to see 164.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes
Docosane 12405 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 310.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698472
Heneicosane 12403 Click to see 296.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698472
https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.2740640408
Heptacosane 11636 Click to see 380.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698472
Heptadecane 12398 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 240.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698472
Hexacosane 12407 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 366.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698472
Nonadecane 12401 Click to see 268.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698472
https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.2740640408
Octadecane 11635 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 254.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698472
Tetracosane 12592 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 338.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698472
Tricosane 12534 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 324.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698472
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons
1-Nonadecene 29075 Click to see 266.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.2740640408
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2E,6S)-6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylocta-2,7-dienoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 11461715 Click to see 332.39 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970987X
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2Z,6S)-6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylocta-2,7-dienoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 98789305 Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C=C)O)COC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O 332.39 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970987X
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R)-4-[(4S)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl]butan-2-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 52316294 Click to see 374.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970987X
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2S)-4-[(4S)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl]but-3-yn-2-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 163186778 Click to see CC1=C(C(CC(C1)O)(C)C)C#CC(C)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O 370.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970987X
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-[4-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)butan-2-yloxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol 75614558 Click to see CC1=C(C(CC(C1)O)(C)C)CCC(C)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O 374.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970987X
5-Megastigmen-7-yne-3,9-diol 9-glucoside 85258909 Click to see 370.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970987X
beta-D-Glucopyranoside, (2E,6R)-6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-2,7-octadienyl 72970728 Click to see 332.39 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970987X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohol esters
Citronellyl acetate 9017 Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C)CCOC(=O)C 198.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1993.9698225
https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
Geranyl Acetate 1549026 Click to see 196.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1993.9698225
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698472
https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
Neryl acetate 1549025 Click to see 196.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698472
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
(3S,5E)-3,7-Dimethyl-5-octene-1,7-diol 10035064 Click to see CC(CCO)CC=CC(C)(C)O 172.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970987X
1-Hexanol 8103 Click to see 102.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
3-Hexen-1-ol 10993 Click to see 100.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
3,7-Dimethyloct-5-ene-1,7-diol 54416293 Click to see 172.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970987X
Nonan-1-ol 8914 Click to see CCCCCCCCCO 144.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
(-)-Citronellol 7793 Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C)CCO 156.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00565540
(2E,6S)-2,6-dimethylocta-2,7-diene-1,6-diol 11206026 Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C=C)O)CO 170.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970987X
2,6-Dimethylocta-2,7-diene-1,6-diol 188028 Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C=C)O)CO 170.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970987X
3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienol 4458 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00565540
3,7-Dimethyl-6-octene-1,3-diol 13665263 Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(CCO)O)C 172.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970987X
3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-Dienal 8843 Click to see 152.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698472
6-Octene-1,3-diol, 3,7-dimethyl-, (3R)- 11805222 Click to see 172.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970987X
Citral 638011 Click to see 152.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81688-X
Citronellol 8842 Click to see 156.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1993.9698225
https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.2740640408
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00565540
Geraniol 637566 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCO)C)C 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1993.9698225
https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.2740640408
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00565540
Linalool 6549 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00565540
https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1993.9698225
Linalool, (+)- 67179 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00565540
Myrcene 31253 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
Neral 643779 Click to see 152.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698472
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81688-X
https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
Nerol 643820 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCO)C)C 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1993.9698225
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698472
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81688-X
https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.2740640408
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00565540
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(+-)-alpha-Pinene 6654 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
Camphene 6616 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
4-Terpineol, (+/-)- 11230 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)(C(C)C)O 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
Carvone, (+-)- 7439 Click to see 150.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
Carvone, (+)- 16724 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1=O)C(=C)C 150.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(E,Z)-farnesol 1549109 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCO)C)C)C 222.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698472
a Farnesol 3327 Click to see 222.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698472
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(1R)-4-[(3S)-3-hydroxybutyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 10904843 Click to see 374.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970987X
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2E,6E)-8-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 14729929 Click to see CC(=CCOC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)CCC=C(C)CO 332.39 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970987X
2-(8-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 72738565 Click to see 332.39 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970987X
Tsangane L 3-glucoside 73981648 Click to see 374.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970987X
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
1,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid 1064 Click to see 192.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1006/BBRC.1996.1759
Quinic acid 6508 Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)O)O)O 192.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1006/BBRC.1996.1759
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-phenylmethoxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 4984739 Click to see 270.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970987X
2-phenylethyl beta-D-glucopyranoside 468284 Click to see 284.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00568490
https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970987X
Benzyl beta-d-glucopyranoside 188977 Click to see 270.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970987X
Phenethyl beta-D-galactopyranoside 84675 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O 284.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970987X
Phenylethyl beta-D-glucopyranoside 11289099 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O 284.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00568490
https://doi.org/10.1021/JF970987X
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Alpha-hydrogen aldehydes
Pentanal 8063 Click to see 86.13 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Medium-chain aldehydes
Decanal 8175 Click to see 156.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
Heptanal 8130 Click to see 114.19 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones / Enones
Damascenone 5366074 Click to see CC=CC(=O)C1=C(C=CCC1(C)C)C 190.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Ketones
9-Hentriacontanone 129820665 Click to see 450.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86320-7
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Heteroaromatic compounds
3-(4-Methylpent-3-enyl)thiophene 566107 Click to see 166.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB1961.51.3421
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxanes
Rose oxide 27866 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1993.9698225
https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698472
https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
trans-Rose oxide 7093102 Click to see CC1CCOC(C1)C=C(C)C 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698472
https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamaldehydes
3-Phenylprop-2-Enal 307 Click to see 132.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
Cinnamaldehyde 637511 Click to see 132.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1991.TB01726.X
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol 5280863 Click to see 286.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1006/BBRC.1996.1759
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579444
Quercetin 5280343 Click to see 302.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1006/BBRC.1996.1759
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid 3-O-p-coumaroyl glycosides
Tiliroside 5320686 Click to see 594.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00563465
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one 51402807 Click to see 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00003A007
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxan-2-Yl)Oxychromen-4-One 5378597 Click to see 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF903515F
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 5317364 Click to see 436.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00003A007
3-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 163001527 Click to see 580.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF903515F
3-[3,4-Dihydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 75058672 Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O 580.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF903515F
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 5462193 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579444
Afzelin 5316673 Click to see 432.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF903515F
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00563465
Astragalin 5282102 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1006/BBRC.1996.1759
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579444
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00563465
Isoquercetin 5280804 Click to see 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF903515F
Juglanin 5318717 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O 418.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00003A007
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00563465
Npc318533 5835713 Click to see 432.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF903515F
Quercetin 3-O-gentiobioside 5320834 Click to see 626.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF903515F
Quercetin-3-gentiobioside 13915961 Click to see 626.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF903515F
Trifolin 5282149 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00563465
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579444
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-7-yl hexopyranoside 5381351 Click to see 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1006/BBRC.1996.1759
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-[(2S,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 44259225 Click to see 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1006/BBRC.1996.1759
kaempferol 7-O-glucoside 10095180 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1006/BBRC.1996.1759
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
(3,4,5,11,12,21,22,23-Octahydroxy-8,18-dioxo-9,14,17-trioxatetracyclo[17.4.0.02,7.010,15]tricosa-1(23),2,4,6,19,21-hexaen-13-yl) 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 13917511 Click to see 634.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-010-0402-0
[3,4,5,13,21,22,23-Heptahydroxy-8,18-dioxo-12-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-9,14,17-trioxatetracyclo[17.4.0.02,7.010,15]tricosa-1(23),2,4,6,19,21-hexaen-11-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 5153915 Click to see 786.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-010-0402-0
3,4,5-Trihydroxy-2-[(5,7,12,13,14-pentahydroxy-3,10-dioxo-2,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.2.04,16.011,15]hexadeca-1(14),4(16),5,7,11(15),12-hexaen-6-yl)oxy]benzoic acid 162944385 Click to see C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1O)O)O)OC2=C(C3=C4C5=C(C(=C(C(=C5OC3=O)O)O)O)C(=O)OC4=C2O)O)C(=O)O 502.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-010-0402-0
beta-D-Glucopyranose, cyclic 4-2':6-2-((1S)-4-(6-(((4,6-O-(((1S)-4,4',5,5',6,6'-hexahydroxy(1,1'-biphenyl)-2,2'-diyl)dicarbonyl)-2,3-bis-O-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy)carbonyl)-2,3,4-trihydroxyphenoxy)-4',5,5',6,6'-pentahydroxy(1,1'-biphenyl)-2,2'-dicarboxylate) 1,2,3-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate), stereoisomer 16130312 Click to see 1875.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-010-0402-0
Casuarictin 73644 Click to see 936.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-010-0402-0
CID 16170073 16170073 Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6C7=C(C(=C(C=C7C(=O)O1)OC8=C(C(=C(C=C8C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 1106.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-010-0402-0
Eugeniin 442679 Click to see 938.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-010-0402-0
GlyTouCan:G69718UQ 9918701 Click to see 786.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-010-0402-0
Isostrictinin 13917513 Click to see 634.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-010-0402-0
Potentillin 452242 Click to see 936.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-010-0402-0
Rugosin A 16132354 Click to see 1106.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-010-0402-0
Rugosin D 16129626 Click to see 1875.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-010-0402-0
Sanguiin H4 13917512 Click to see 634.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-010-0402-0
Strictinin 73330 Click to see 634.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-010-0402-0
Tellimagrandin Ii 151590 Click to see 938.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-010-0402-0

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