Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Piper methysticum, commonly known as kava, has been a cornerstone of social and healing rituals across the South Pacific for millennia. Among the Fijian people, the root is ground into a fine powder and mixed with water to produce a thick, earthy drink that is consumed during ceremonies, courtship, and to soothe anxiety (Bennett et al., 2021). In Vanuatu, the Vanuatu Islander tradition calls for a decoction of fresh root slices steeped in coconut milk, which is then shared in communal gatherings to promote harmony and relieve stress (Sullivan, 2018). The Māori of New Zealand also prepare a kava infusion from dried root, using it as a calming tonic before important meetings or to aid sleep (Miller, 2019). In each culture, the root is the primary plant part used; leaves and bark are rarely employed for medicinal purposes.

A simple, safe kava tea can be made at home with the following steps: take 10 g of dried kava root powder (or 20 g of fresh root, finely chopped) and add it to 1 L of boiling water. Let the mixture steep for 30 minutes, then strain through a fine mesh or cheesecloth. The resulting beverage can be served warm or chilled, and is typically consumed in 200–250 mL servings. For safety, avoid combining kava with alcohol or other hepatotoxic substances, and limit intake to no more than 2 cups per day. Pregnant or breastfeeding women, as well as individuals with liver disease, should refrain from using kava. If you experience dizziness or nausea, discontinue use immediately.

The pharmacological activity of kava is largely attributed to a group of compounds called kavalactones. The most abundant and well‑studied kavalactones in Piper methysticum are kavain, dihydrokavain, methysticin, and yangonin. These molecules interact with GABA‑A receptors in the brain, producing anxiolytic and muscle‑relaxant effects that align with the plant’s traditional use as a calming agent. The presence of these kavalactones has been confirmed in multiple phytochemical analyses of root extracts (Kumar & Patel, 2020).

Today, kava remains popular in both traditional settings and the global wellness market. Commercial kava products—ranging from powdered root to ready‑to‑drink beverages—are available in health‑food stores and online. Ongoing research continues to investigate the therapeutic potential of kavalactones for anxiety disorders, insomnia, and stress‑related conditions, while also addressing safety concerns related to liver toxicity. The enduring cultural significance of Piper methysticum, coupled with modern scientific interest, keeps this ancient plant relevant in contemporary health and wellness discussions.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
A traditional non-alcoholic beverage known as kava, grog, or yaqona is prepared from the fresh or dried roots and rhizomes of Piper methysticum. The beverage, culturally significant in Pacific Island societies, is typically produced by extracting water-soluble compounds from macerated or pounded root tissue. Commercial kava products, standardized for kavalactone content, are also produced as powdered root, concentrate, or capsules for beverage preparation. Processing involves grinding or pulverizing the root/rhizome, followed by cold-water extraction (maceration, kneading, or centrifugation) to yield an aqueous concentrate or beverage slurry. Regulated labeling standards for kavalactone content exist in some markets (e.g., Vanuatu's "Kava Act").

Sustainability and sourcing:
Commercial cultivation of Piper methysticum focuses on root/rhizome production. Plants are typically propagated vegetatively from stem cuttings, requiring 3–5 years for harvest maturity. Root/rhizome harvest involves plant uprooting, cleaning, and drying. Growth is slow, leading to limited product availability and potential pressure on wild populations. Sustainable practices emphasized include: planting disease-free nursery stock, reducing post-harvest losses through improved drying/storage, and promoting farm-based production to reduce wild harvesting. Organic certification programs exist for cultivated crops.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Methysticum methysticum	(G.Forst.) A.Lyons	Pl. Nam. : 247 (1900)
Methysticum esculentum	Raf.	Sylva Tellur. : 85 (1838)
Macropiper methysticum	Miq.	Syst. Piperac. : 217 (1843)
Piper inebrians	Bert. ex Miq.	Comm. Phytogr. 36.
Piper spurium	J.R.Forst. ex Miq.	Comm. Phytogr. : 36 (1840)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	kava kava
English	kava
Spanish	kava
Spanish	kava kava
Spanish	kawa kawa
Spanish	kawa-kawa
Afrikaans	kawa
Arabic	نبات الكافا
Arabic	كافا
Arabic	فلفل مسكي
Arabic	فلفل مسكر
Arabic	فلفل كاوة
bi	kava
Catalan	kava
Czech	kava
Czech	kava kava
Czech	pepř opojný
Czech	pepřovník opojný
Danish	kava
German	rauschpfeffer
Greek	καβά
Esperanto	kavao
Persian	کاوا
Finnish	kavapippuri
Finnish	kava
fj	yaqona
French	kava
Galician	kava
Hawaiian	'awa
Upper Sorbian	kawowy popjerjowc
Hungarian	kava
Indonesian	kava
Italian	kava-kava
Italian	kava
Japanese	カヴァ
Korean	카바
Lithuanian	svaigusis pipiras
Latvian	kava-kava
Latvian	kava kava
Latvian	kava
Latvian	kavakava
mi	kawa
Macedonian	Кава
Malayalam	കാവ
Malay	kava
Norwegian Bokmål	kava
Dutch	kava
Dutch	kava kava
Polish	pieprz metystynowy
Polish	kava kava
Russian	Ава-перец
Russian	Перец опьяняющий
Russian	Кава-кава
Slovenian	kava-kava
Slovenian	kava kava
Swedish	kava
szl	kava kava
Tamil	கவா
Thai	คาวา
Tonga	macropiper puberulum
Tonga	kava
Tonga	tephrosia purpurea
Tonga	agatea violaris
Tonga	derris trifoliata
Tonga	santaloides samoense
Turkish	kava
ty	kava
ty	'ava
Chinese	卡瓦胡椒
Chinese	條目名稱
Chinese	酒胡椒

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Pacific click to expand
- North-central Pacific
  - Hawaii
- Northwestern Pacific
  - Caroline Islands
- South-central Pacific
  - Cook Islands
  - Marquesas
  - Society Islands
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Fiji
  - Niue
  - Samoa
  - Santa Cruz Island
  - Tonga
  - Vanuatu
  - Wallis-Futuna Islands

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000486456
UNII	3P306S300W
USDA Plants	PIME
Tropicos	25001137
INPN	447452
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:198437-2
The Plant List	kew-2569602
Missouri Botanical Garden	285095
Open Tree Of Life	1081778
NCBI Taxonomy	130404
Nature Serve	2.155089
IPNI	198437-2
iNaturalist	166895
GBIF	3086358
Freebase	/m/0d0z3
EPPO	PIPME
EOL	596615
US Library of Congress	sh87007857
USDA GRIN	28587
Wikipedia	Kava
CMAUP	NPO26193

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Flavokawain C inhibits glucose metabolism and tumor angiogenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by targeting the HSP90B1/STAT3/HK2 signaling axis

Hu Y, Yu C, Cheng L, Zhong C, An J, Zou M, Liu B, Gao X

Cancer Cell Int

06-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11075257
doi:	10.1186/s12935-024-03314-4
PMID:	38711062

Flavonoids with Anti-Angiogenesis Function in Cancer

Wei Q, Zhang YH

Molecules

31-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11013936
doi:	10.3390/molecules29071570
PMID:	38611849

Advancements in research on the effects of panax notoginseng saponin constituents in ameliorating learning and memory disorders

Liu S, Wang M, Xiao H, Ye J, Cao L, Li W, Sun G

Heliyon

26-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10998096
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28581
PMID:	38586351

Phytotherapeutic Approaches in Canine Pediatrics

Quintavalla F

Vet Sci

20-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10974738
doi:	10.3390/vetsci11030133
PMID:	38535867

Adulteration of Brain Health (Cognitive, Mood, and Sleep Enhancement) Food Supplements by the Addition of Pharmaceutical Drugs: A Comprehensive Review of Analytical Approaches and Trends

Paiva R, Correia M, Delerue-Matos C, Amaral JS

Foods

16-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10969376
doi:	10.3390/foods13060908
PMID:	38540898

Targeting STAT3 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Cancer Prevention and Treatment: The Role of Chalcones

Krajka-Kuźniak V, Belka M, Papierska K

Cancers (Basel)

08-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10969505
doi:	10.3390/cancers16061092
PMID:	38539427

Natural Products Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 2B6 Activity and Methadone Metabolism

Wang PF, Yang Y, Patel V, Neiner A, Kharasch ED

Drug Metab Dispos

01-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10877711
doi:	10.1124/dmd.123.001578
PMID:	38135504

Multienzymatic biotransformation of flavokawain B by entomopathogenic filamentous fungi: structural modifications and pharmacological predictions

Chlipała P, Tronina T, Dymarska M, Urbaniak M, Kozłowska E, Stępień Ł, Kostrzewa-Susłow E, Janeczko T

Microb Cell Fact

24-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10893614
doi:	10.1186/s12934-024-02338-9
PMID:	38402203

Natural 2′,4-Dihydroxy-4′,6′-dimethoxy Chalcone Isolated from Chromolaena tacotana Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Growth through Autophagy and Mitochondrial Apoptosis

Mendez-Callejas G, Piñeros-Avila M, Celis CA, Torrenegra R, Espinosa-Benitez A, Pestana-Nobles R, Yosa-Reyes J

Plants (Basel)

20-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10934494
doi:	10.3390/plants13050570
PMID:	38475417

Structural Characterization and Antidepressant-like Effects of Polygonum sibiricum Polysaccharides on Regulating Microglial Polarization in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Zebrafish

Zhang Y, Wang D, Liu J, Bai Y, Fan B, Lu C, Wang F

Int J Mol Sci

07-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10888389
doi:	10.3390/ijms25042005
PMID:	38396684

Notes from the Field: Cluster of Severe Illness from Neptune’s Fix Tianeptine Linked to Synthetic Cannabinoids — New Jersey, June–November 2023

Counts CJ, Spadaro AV, Cerbini TA, Krotulski AJ, Greller HA, Nelson LS, Ruck BE, Calello DP

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep

01-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10843069
doi:	10.15585/mmwr.mm7304a5
PMID:	38300852

“Feeling at home in Vanuatu”: Integration of newcomers from the East during the last millennium

Zinger W, Valentin F, Spriggs M, Bedford S, Flexner JL, Willie E, Kuautonga T, Détroit F

PLoS One

31-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10830024
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0290465
PMID:	38295041

Bioactive peptides: an alternative therapeutic approach for cancer management

Ghadiri N, Javidan M, Sheikhi S, Taştan Ö, Parodi A, Liao Z, Tayybi Azar M, Ganjalıkhani-Hakemi M

Front Immunol

24-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10847386
doi:	10.3389/fimmu.2024.1310443
PMID:	38327525

Alternative Crops for the European Tobacco Industry: A Systematic Review

Mavroeidis A, Stavropoulos P, Papadopoulos G, Tsela A, Roussis I, Kakabouki I

Plants (Basel)

15-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10818552
doi:	10.3390/plants13020236
PMID:	38256796

Chemical Compositions, Pharmacological Properties and Medicinal Effects of Genus Passiflora L.: A Review

Nikolova K, Velikova M, Gentscheva G, Gerasimova A, Slavov P, Harbaliev N, Makedonski L, Buhalova D, Petkova N, Gavrilova A

Plants (Basel)

13-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10820460
doi:	10.3390/plants13020228
PMID:	38256781

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Aporphines
Cepharadione A	94577	Click to see	305.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961405
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Benzophenanthridine alkaloids / Dihydrobenzophenanthridine alkaloids
(23S)-23-ethoxy-24-methyl-5,7,18,20-tetraoxa-24-azahexacyclo[11.11.0.02,10.04,8.014,22.017,21]tetracosa-1(13),2,4(8),9,11,14(22),15,17(21)-octaene	86310874	Click to see CCOC1C2=C(C=CC3=C2OCO3)C4=C(N1C)C5=CC6=C(C=C5C=C4)OCO6	377.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Benzophenanthridine alkaloids / Quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids
Chelerythrine	2703	Click to see	348.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sanguinarine	5154	Click to see	332.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Phthalide isoquinolines
(-)-Adlumine	638255	Click to see	383.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(+)-Corlumine	5316069	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2C1C3C4=C(C5=C(C=C4)OCO5)C(=O)O3)OC)OC	383.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(6S)-6-((1S)-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1-isoquinolinyl)furo(3,4-e)-1,3-benzodioxol-8(6H)-one	442155	Click to see	383.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Protoberberine alkaloids and derivatives
(-)-13beta-Hydroxystylopine	6452886	Click to see C1CN2CC3=C(C=CC4=C3OCO4)C(C2C5=CC6=C(C=C51)OCO6)O	339.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
(-)-Tetrahydrocolumbamine	440229	Click to see	341.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(R)-Canadine	443422	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(CC3C4=CC5=C(C=C4CCN3C2)OCO5)C=C1)OC	339.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(S)-Canadine	21171	Click to see	339.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(S)-Cheilanthifoline	440582	Click to see	325.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Berberine	2353	Click to see	336.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Coptisine	72322	Click to see C1C[N+]2=C(C=C3C=CC4=C(C3=C2)OCO4)C5=CC6=C(C=C51)OCO6	320.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isocorypalmine, (+)-	71261649	Click to see	341.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ophiocarpine	12313750	Click to see	355.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Stylopine	440583	Click to see	323.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Tetrahydroscoulerine	45490416	Click to see	322.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Protopine alkaloids
Allocryptopine	98570	Click to see	369.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Protopine	4970	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC3=C(C=C2C(=O)CC4=C(C1)C5=C(C=C4)OCO5)OCO3	353.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenol ethers / Anisoles
4-methoxy-6-[(2S,3R)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)oxiran-2-yl]pyran-2-one	163070862	Click to see	274.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.29.834
4-Methoxy-6-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)oxiran-2-yl]pyran-2-one	9900190	Click to see	274.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.29.834
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Diterpene glycosides
Yemuoside YM(10)	195123	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C45CCC(=C)CC4C6=CCC7C8(CCC(C(C8CCC7(C6(CC5)C)C)(C)C)OC9C(C(C(CO9)O)O)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)C)O)O)O)C)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O	1189.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(E,2S,5S)-5-Ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	12314479	Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5
beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside	296119	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.29.834
Sitogluside	5742590	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.29.834
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzodioxoles
3,4-Methylenedioxycinnamylideneacetone	22947870	Click to see	216.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5
3.4-Methylendioxycinnamalaceton	74012103	Click to see CC(=O)C=CC=CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2	216.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoquinolines and derivatives / Isoquinolones and derivatives
Noroxyhydrastinine	89047	Click to see	191.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones
Dihydromikanolide	442200	Click to see CC1C2C(CC3(C(O3)C4C(O4)C5=CC2OC5=O)C)OC1=O	292.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
Mexicanine E	319598	Click to see CC1CC2C(CC3C1C=CC3=O)C(=C)C(=O)O2	232.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Piperidines / N-acylpiperidines
[2-Oxo-3-(3-phenylpropanoyl)-7-oxa-3-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl] acetate	22298209	Click to see	303.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00111-0
3alpha,4alpha-Epoxy-5beta-pipermethystine	639685	Click to see	303.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00111-0
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyridines and derivatives / Hydropyridines
(S)-Pipermethystine	11231515	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CN(C(=O)C=C1)C(=O)CCC2=CC=CC=C2	287.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00111-0
[(3R)-6-oxo-1-(3-phenylpropanoyl)-2,3-dihydropyridin-3-yl] acetate	101162865	Click to see	287.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00111-0
Pipermethystine	194391	Click to see	287.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)85065-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00111-0
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyridines and derivatives / Hydropyridines / Tetrahydropyridines
1-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyridin-1-yl]-3-phenylpropan-1-one	154496222	Click to see	231.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00111-0
1-[(4S)-4-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyridin-1-yl]-3-phenylpropan-1-one	162973411	Click to see	231.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00111-0
Awaine	10922366	Click to see C1CN(C=CC1O)C(=O)CCC2=CC=CC=C2	231.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00111-0
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Tetrahydroisoquinolines
Corypalline	280225	Click to see	193.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives
1-Cinnamoylpyrrolidine	765514	Click to see C1CCN(C1)C(=O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2	201.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.19701030824
Cinnamic acid pyrrolidid	583163	Click to see	201.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.19701030824
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Cinnamic acid esters
1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl 3-phenylacrylate	583021	Click to see	284.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010963X
Bornyl cinnamate	6437618	Click to see	284.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010963X
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
(1,7,7-Trimethyl-2-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl) 3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)prop-2-enoate	73111832	Click to see	328.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010963X
(1,7,7-Trimethyl-2-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl) 3-(2-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	163105635	Click to see CC1(C2CCC1(C(C2)OC(=O)C=CC3=CC=CC=C3OC)C)C	314.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010963X
[(1R,2S,4R)-1,7,7-trimethyl-2-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl] (E)-3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)prop-2-enoate	163185641	Click to see	328.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010963X
1-(m-Methoxycinnamoyl)pyrrolidine	5373710	Click to see COC1=CC=CC(=C1)C=CC(=O)N2CCCC2	231.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.19701030824
3-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one	595057	Click to see	231.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.19701030824
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
Kayaflavone	9894522	Click to see	580.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
(-)-Pinostrobin	73201	Click to see	270.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010963X
(2S)-5,7-dimethoxy-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one	689011	Click to see	284.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010963X
5,7-Dimethoxyflavanone	378567	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C(=O)CC(O2)C3=CC=CC=C3)C(=C1)OC	284.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010963X
Npc235117	4101463	Click to see	270.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010963X
Pinostrobin	6950539	Click to see COC1=CC(=C2C(=O)CC(OC2=C1)C3=CC=CC=C3)O	270.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010963X
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Kavalactones
(-)-Kawain	16048558	Click to see	230.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83662-6 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19703030301
(+-)-Dihydromethysticin	229852	Click to see	276.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.190804102148 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5
(+)-Dihydromethysticin	88308	Click to see	276.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.1107 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957606 https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1440-1681.1990.TB01349.X https://doi.org/10.1002/JHRC.1240201007 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00979-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00209-9 https://doi.org/10.1081/JLC-120025423 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(96)00424-2 https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00068 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1894911/ https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-8446(01)00110-3 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF020049J https://doi.org/10.1021/JM50002A007 https://doi.org/10.1002/1615-9314(20010101)24:1<35::AID-JSSC35>3.0.CO;2-Q https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)85065-1 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957608 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00699-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)96265-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00425-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02866720 https://doi.org/10.1078/0944711041495263 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00389-7
(+)-Methysticin	5281567	Click to see	274.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00068 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.29.834 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957606 https://doi.org/10.1078/094471103322004802 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00389-7
(2R)-4-methoxy-2-[(Z)-2-phenylethenyl]-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one	6604256	Click to see	230.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S)-2-[(E)-2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)ethenyl]-4-methoxy-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one	16760121	Click to see	274.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19703030301 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86541-3 https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.190804102148
(6S)-5,6-Dihydro-4-methoxy-6-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2H-pyran-2-one	25008953	Click to see COC1=CC(=O)OC(C1)CCC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC	262.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5
(R)-Methysticin	90125683	Click to see	274.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1440-1681.1990.TB01349.X https://doi.org/10.1002/JHRC.1240201007 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00979-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00209-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYMED.2004.07.005 https://doi.org/10.1081/JLC-120025423 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1894911/ https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-8446(01)00110-3 https://doi.org/10.1078/094471103322004802 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF020049J https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.1107 https://doi.org/10.1002/1615-9314(20010101)24:1<35::AID-JSSC35>3.0.CO;2-Q https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)96265-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00699-2 https://doi.org/10.1078/0944711041495263 https://doi.org/10.1021/JM50002A007 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957608 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00425-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02866720
11-Methoxy-5,6-dihydroyangonin	636590	Click to see	290.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5
11,12-Dimethoxydihydrokawain	592220	Click to see COC1=CC(=O)OC(C1)CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2)OC)OC	292.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5
2-[(E)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-4-methoxy-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one	11572851	Click to see	290.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-[2-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)ethenyl]-4-methoxy-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one	229851	Click to see COC1=CC(=O)OC(C1)C=CC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3	274.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19703030301 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86541-3 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.29.834 https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.190804102148
2-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-4-methoxy-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one	73015843	Click to see	290.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5
2H-Pyran-2-one, 5,6-dihydro-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-(2-phenylethyl)-, (5R-cis)-	10944777	Click to see COC1=CC(=O)OC(C1O)CCC2=CC=CC=C2	248.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)93596-8
4-Methoxy-2-(2-phenylethenyl)-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one	10376	Click to see COC1=CC(=O)OC(C1)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2	230.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19703030301 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83662-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5 https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3803 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.29.834
4-Methoxy-6-(2-phenylethenyl)-2h-pyran-2-one	164901	Click to see COC1=CC(=O)OC(=C1)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2	228.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.29.834 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5
4-Methoxy-6-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-2H-pyran-2-one	10375	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC2=CC(=CC(=O)O2)OC	258.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83662-6 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19703030301 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.29.834
5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-(2-phenylethyl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one	575067	Click to see	248.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)93596-8
5,6-Dihydro-4-methoxy-6-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2H-pyran-2-one	10084050	Click to see	262.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00979-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)85065-1 https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1440-1681.1990.TB01349.X
Demethoxyyangonin	5273621	Click to see COC1=CC(=O)OC(=C1)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2	228.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)96265-4 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.29.834 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1894911/ https://doi.org/10.1002/1615-9314(20010101)24:1<35::AID-JSSC35>3.0.CO;2-Q https://doi.org/10.1078/0944711041495263 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)85065-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00389-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00425-2 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF020049J https://doi.org/10.1078/094471103322004802 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYMED.2004.07.005 https://doi.org/10.1081/JLC-120025423 https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.1107 https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1440-1681.1990.TB01349.X https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00209-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00699-2 https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00068 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00979-7 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957606 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02866720
Dihydrokavain	10220256	Click to see	232.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/1615-9314(20010101)24:1<35::AID-JSSC35>3.0.CO;2-Q https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1894911/ https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.1107 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)96265-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00699-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02866720 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00389-7 https://doi.org/10.1078/0944711041495263 https://doi.org/10.1021/JM50002A007 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957608 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF020049J https://doi.org/10.1078/094471103322004802 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)85065-1 https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00068 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(96)00424-2 https://doi.org/10.1081/JLC-120025423 https://doi.org/10.1002/RECL.19390580607 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00209-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00979-7 https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1440-1681.1990.TB01349.X https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957606
Dihydromethysticin, (R)-	10107480	Click to see	276.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.190804102148
Kava Kava	5899068	Click to see	274.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957606 https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1440-1681.1990.TB01349.X https://doi.org/10.1002/JHRC.1240201007 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00979-7 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.29.834 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00209-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYMED.2004.07.005 https://doi.org/10.1081/JLC-120025423 https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00068 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1894911/ https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-8446(01)00110-3 https://doi.org/10.1078/094471103322004802 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF020049J https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.1107 https://doi.org/10.1002/1615-9314(20010101)24:1<35::AID-JSSC35>3.0.CO;2-Q https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00699-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)96265-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00425-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02866720 https://doi.org/10.1078/0944711041495263 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00389-7 https://doi.org/10.1021/JM50002A007 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957608
Kavain	5281565	Click to see COC1=CC(=O)OC(C1)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2	230.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957606 https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1440-1681.1990.TB01349.X https://doi.org/10.1002/JHRC.1240201007 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00979-7 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.29.834 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00209-9 https://doi.org/10.1081/JLC-120025423 https://doi.org/10.1078/094471103322331638 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(96)00424-2 https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00068 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1894911/ https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-8446(01)00110-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)85065-1 https://doi.org/10.1078/094471103322004802 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF020049J https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.1107 https://doi.org/10.1002/1615-9314(20010101)24:1<35::AID-JSSC35>3.0.CO;2-Q https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00425-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)96265-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00699-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02866720 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00389-7 https://doi.org/10.1078/0944711041495263 https://doi.org/10.1021/JM50002A007 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957608
Marindinin	98356	Click to see	232.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/RECL.19390580607 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5 https://doi.org/10.1078/094471103322004802
Tetrahydro-11-methoxyiangonin	22217085	Click to see	292.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5
Yangonin	5281575	Click to see	258.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957606 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83662-6 https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1440-1681.1990.TB01349.X https://doi.org/10.1002/JHRC.1240201007 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00979-7 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19703030301 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.29.834 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00209-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYMED.2004.07.005 https://doi.org/10.1081/JLC-120025423 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(96)00424-2 https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00068 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1894911/ https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-8446(01)00110-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)85065-1 https://doi.org/10.1078/094471103322004802 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF020049J https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.1107 https://doi.org/10.1002/1615-9314(20010101)24:1<35::AID-JSSC35>3.0.CO;2-Q https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00425-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)96265-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00699-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02866720 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00389-7 https://doi.org/10.1078/0944711041495263 https://doi.org/10.1021/JM50002A007 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957608
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 2-Hydroxy-dihydrochalcones
Flavokawin A	270057	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)CCC(=O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2OC)OC)O	316.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00068 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957608
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 2-Hydroxychalcones
(E)-1-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(2-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one	44550262	Click to see	298.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
(E)-1-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one	14034811	Click to see	314.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one	44428614	Click to see	316.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
2,2'-Dihydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxychalcone	5964319	Click to see	300.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
2'-Hydroxy-2,4',6'-Trimethoxychalcone	637261	Click to see	314.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
6'-Hydroxy-2',4'-dimethoxychalcone	242589	Click to see COC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)OC)C(=O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2)O	284.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-967123 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888737/ https://doi.org/10.1021/JF051853J https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3803 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010963X https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5
Cerasidin	14034812	Click to see	344.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
CID 5179897	5179897	Click to see COC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)OC)C(=O)C=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O	300.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3803 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5
Flavokavain A	235736	Click to see	314.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3803 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2830727/
Flavokawain A	5355469	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC(=O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2OC)OC)O	314.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3803 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2830727/
Flavokawain B	5356121	Click to see COC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)OC)C(=O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2)O	284.31	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888737/ https://doi.org/10.1021/JF051853J https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3803 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF010963X https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957608
Flavokawain C	6293081	Click to see	300.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3803 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957608 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00443-5

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Piper methysticum

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