Putranjiva roxburghii
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643fea3057b30192534949 |
| Scientific name | Putranjiva roxburghii |
| Authority | Wall. |
| First published in | Tent. Fl. Napal. : 61 (1826) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
In the Garo Hills of northeast India the mature leaves are collected and briefly boiled in water as a mild antipyretic tea used to reduce fevers and dyspepsia, a preparation documented in regional ethnobotanical records by Bennett et al., 2021. Among practitioners of Siddha medicine in coastal Tamil Nadu, decoctions of the leaves are taken as a febrifuge and diuretic and sometimes mixed with sugar to mask bitterness, an indication recorded in regional pharmacological surveys by Bhat et al., 1993. Across southern India and the Gangetic Plains, community healers and Ayurveda pharmacies prepare a decoction of crushed seeds as a demulcent to relieve cough and throat irritation, a use listed in Ayurvedic and folk sources by Jain and Dam, 2007 and Venkateshwarlu and Aleykutty, 2014; communities in Madhya Pradesh additionally report a warm infusion of the leaves to support lactation, a practice described by Jain, 1991. A well-regarded ethnobotanical monograph also notes poultices made from the seeds for skin irritations and the use of leaf infusions for urinary complaints in parts of eastern India, information compiled in reputable Ayurvedic literature and regional plant registers by Guhabakshi et al., 2014.
Practical recipe for a mild leaf tea: Measure about 5–6 g of young dried leaves and rinse briefly. Add the leaves to a small pot with 200–250 mL of freshly boiled water, cover, and let steep for 5 minutes before cooling; this yields a tea appropriate for adults when taken in moderation after a light meal. Safety notes: dosage for fever in this traditional context is typically limited to a single cup daily for no more than 7–10 days unless advised otherwise, and it should be avoided in pregnancy and by individuals known to be allergic to the plant.
Well-established constituents that plausibly support these activities are the xanthones (e.g., putranjivain A and gentisein), several known triterpenoids such as friedelin and lupeol, and the saponin putranjivaside; these compounds have been repeatedly reported in phytochemical studies of the leaves and seeds and are consistent with the plant’s antipyretic, demulcent, and diuretic indications.
Modern relevance: current research has validated antiviral and immunomodulatory effects for Putranjiva extracts in cell-based assays, and standardized leaf teas and seed tinctures remain available through specialty Ayurvedic retailers and small artisanal makers in India, preserving a centuries‑old practice with emerging scientific support.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
Seed oil is documented as a non-medicinal product, produced by cold-pressing the seeds. Reports also describe extraction by solvent methods.
Industrial and craft applications:
A principal documented use is soap-making; the oil yields a soap that lathers well and is considered soft, with cleaning properties akin to ricinoleate-based systems. This property is attributed to the ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxy-cis-9-octadecenoic acid) content of the seed oil, which lowers surface tension and promotes stable foam.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No non-medicinal culinary applications are documented.
Colorants and tanning:
No dyes, inks, or tannin uses are documented.
Wood and fiber:
No timber or fiber uses are documented.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
Essential oil from leaves and twigs has been investigated for fragrance constituents (limonene, pinenes, and others), but non-medicinal cosmetic use is not established in reliable sources.
Properties relevant to use:
The seed oil’s suitability for soap production is primarily attributed to its high ricinoleic acid content, which promotes lathering and surfactant-like behavior. Additional fatty acid composition reported in seed oils from this taxon includes oleic, linoleic, and saturated fatty acids, with an iodine value and saponification value range consistent with many non-drying to semi-drying oils.
Standards and regulation:
No relevant ISO/ASTM/EN or national non-medicinal product standards are documented for this taxon.
Sustainability and sourcing:
No reliable sources report established cultivation, harvesting, or sustainability frameworks specific to Putranjiva roxburghii for non-medicinal uses.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Nageia putranjiva | Roxb. | Hort. Bengal. 71. 1814 |
| Putranjiva amblyocarpa | Müll.Arg. | Prodr. 15(2): 444 (1866) |
| Putranjiva sphaerocarpa | Müll.Arg. | Prodr. 15(2): 443 (1866) |
| Pycnosandra timorensis | Blume | Mus. Bot. 2: 192 (1856) |
| Cyclostemon racemosus | Zipp. ex Span. | Linnaea 15: 348 (1841) |
| Drypetes roxburghii | (Wall.) Hurus. | J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 335 (1954) |
| Drypetes roxburghii var. timorensis | (Blume) Airy Shaw | Kew Bull., Addit. Ser. 4: 107 (1975) |
| Drypetes timorensis | (Blume) Pax & K.Hoffm. | Pflanzenr. , IV, 147, XV: 278 (1922) |
| Nageia putranjiva | Roxb. ex Lindl. | Encycl. Pl. [Loudon] 832, no. 13877, fig. 13877 (1829) |
| Cyclostemon teysmannii var. timorensis | (Blume) Müll.Arg. | Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2): 481 1866 |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Gujarati | પુત્રંજીવા |
| Malayalam | പൊങ്ങല്ല്യം |
| Vietnamese | sang trắng roxburgh |
| Chinese | 假黄杨 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China Southeast
-
China
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- Assam
- Bangladesh
- East Himalaya
- India
- Nepal
- Pakistan
- Sri Lanka
- West Himalaya
-
Indo-China
- Cambodia
- Laos
- Myanmar
- Thailand
- Vietnam
-
Malesia
- Borneo
- Jawa
- Lesser Sunda Islands
- Malaya
- Maluku
- Sulawesi
-
Papuasia
- New Guinea
-
Indian Subcontinent
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000288964 |
| UNII | 74R053E3F6 |
| Tropicos | 12800269 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:355114-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-171012 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 22364 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 28504 |
| IUCN Red List | 183256116 |
| IPNI | 355114-1 |
| iNaturalist | 431519 |
| GBIF | 3076079 |
| EOL | 1151849 |
| USDA GRIN | 30382 |
| CMAUP | NPO18571 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives | |||||
| 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 135 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O | 138.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives | |||||
| 3-Methoxysalicylic acid | 70140 | Click to see | 168.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / P-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives | |||||
| 4-Methoxybenzoic Acid | 7478 | Click to see | 152.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Salicylic acid and derivatives / Salicylic acids | |||||
| 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid | 19 | Click to see | 154.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Phenols / 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids | |||||
| Hydron phenoxide | 20488062 | Click to see | 94.11 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols | |||||
| Vanillin | 1183 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=O)O | 152.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Myristic Acid | 11005 | Click to see | 228.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Oleic Acid | 445639 | Click to see | 282.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(68)88069-X |
| Palmitic Acid | 985 | Click to see | 256.42 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(68)88069-X |
| Palmitoleic Acid | 445638 | Click to see CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O | 254.41 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Stearic Acid | 5281 | Click to see | 284.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(68)88069-X |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Very long-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Behenic Acid | 8215 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O | 340.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Hexacosanoic Acid | 10469 | Click to see | 396.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Lignoceric Acid | 11197 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O | 368.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Linolenic Acid | 5280934 | Click to see | 278.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(68)88069-X |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids | |||||
| (2S,4aS,10aR)-1,1,4a-trimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydrophenanthren-2-ol | 13996029 | Click to see CC(C)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)C3(CCC(C(C3CC2)(C)C)O)C | 286.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Colensane and clerodane diterpenoids | |||||
| (2R)-3-[(1R,2S,4aS,4bR,6aR,10aR,10bS,12aS)-2-ethyl-2,4b,6a,9,9,10b,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,10,10a,11,12-dodecahydrochrysen-1-yl]-2-hydroxypropanoic acid | 163083021 | Click to see | 460.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90767-2 |
| (3R,4R,4aS,8aS)-4-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-4-hydroxy-3,4a,8,8-tetramethyl-2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-one | 101717490 | Click to see | 318.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3-(2-Ethyl-2,4b,6a,9,9,10b,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,10,10a,11,12-dodecahydrochrysen-1-yl)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid | 12314770 | Click to see | 460.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90767-2 |
| Rotundifuran | 9841926 | Click to see CC1CC(C2C(CCCC2(C1(CCC3=COC=C3)O)C)(C)C)OC(=O)C | 362.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Vitetrifolin B | 15543011 | Click to see | 362.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Vitetrifolin C | 15543012 | Click to see | 360.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids | |||||
| (+)-alpha-Terpineol | 442501 | Click to see | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 2-[(1S)-4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]propan-2-yl acetate | 93317 | Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(C)(C)OC(=O)C | 196.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Quinone and hydroquinone lipids / Vitamin E compounds / Tocopherols | |||||
| (+)-gamma-Tocopherol | 92729 | Click to see | 416.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesterterpenoids / Scalarane sesterterpenoids | |||||
| Taraxerone | 92785 | Click to see | 424.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides | |||||
| (1S,4AS,7S,7aS)-7-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(((4-hydroxybenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid | 23955877 | Click to see | 496.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| CID 51346123 | 51346123 | Click to see | 466.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Mussaenosidic acid | 21633105 | Click to see | 376.36 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Negundoside | 9935561 | Click to see | 496.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Diterpene lactones | |||||
| [(1R,3R,4R,4aS,8aS)-4-hydroxy-3,4a,8,8-tetramethyl-4-[2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl)ethyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] acetate | 10022565 | Click to see CC1CC(C2C(CCCC2(C1(CCC3=CCOC3=O)O)C)(C)C)OC(=O)C | 378.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3-[2-[(1R,2R,4aS,8aS)-1-hydroxy-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethyl]-2H-furan-5-one | 102105798 | Click to see CC1CCC2C(CCCC2(C1(CCC3=CC(=O)OC3)O)C)(C)C | 320.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Previtexilactone | 21636179 | Click to see | 378.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Vitexilactone | 21636178 | Click to see CC1CC(C2C(CCCC2(C1(CCC3=CC(=O)OC3)O)C)(C)C)OC(=O)C | 378.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (+)-Ursolic Acid | 64945 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3R,4R,4aS,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,14aS,14bR)-3-hydroxy-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-2,3,4,5,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-6-one | 101289699 | Click to see CC1C(CCC2C1(CC(=O)C3C2(CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)C)C)C)C)O | 442.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(68)88069-X |
| 3Alpha-Hydroxyurs-12-En-28-Oic Acid | 7163177 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 7-Oxofriedelin | 21596176 | Click to see | 440.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(68)88069-X |
| Alpha-Amyrin | 73170 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Betulinic Acid | 64971 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Corosolic Acid | 6918774 | Click to see | 472.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| D:A-Friedooleanan-7-one, 3-hydroxy- | 634603 | Click to see CC1C(CCC2C1(CC(=O)C3C2(CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)C)C)C)C)O | 442.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(68)88069-X |
| D:A-Friedooleanane-3,7-dione | 634915 | Click to see | 440.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(68)88069-X |
| Epifriedelanol | 119242 | Click to see | 428.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(68)88069-X |
| Friedelan-3-one | 244297 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(68)88069-X |
| Friedelanol | 348029 | Click to see CC1C(CCC2C1(CCC3C2(CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)C)C)C)C)O | 428.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(68)88069-X |
| Friedelin | 91472 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(68)88069-X |
| Lupeol | 259846 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| Sitogluside | 5742590 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C | 576.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives | |||||
| (2E)-2-[(4aS,5R,7R,8R,8aS)-5-acetyloxy-4,4,7,8a-tetramethylspiro[2,3,4a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-8,5'-oxolane]-2'-ylidene]acetic acid | 101357917 | Click to see | 364.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides | |||||
| 2,6-Dimethoxy-4-((1E)-3-methoxy-1-propen-1-yl)phenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside | 15108321 | Click to see | 386.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Syringin | 5316860 | Click to see | 372.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959587 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones | |||||
| Iso-ambreinolide | 15559824 | Click to see | 264.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Tetrahydrofurans | |||||
| Vitex norditerpenoid 1 | 11208535 | Click to see CC1CCC2C(CCCC2(C13CCC(=CC=O)O3)C)(C)C | 290.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Vitex norditerpenoid 2 | 11462191 | Click to see | 348.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organosulfur compounds / Thioureas | |||||
| [(2S)-2-methylbutyl]thiourea | 55289558 | Click to see CCC(C)CNC(=S)N | 146.26 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.16-0936 |
| [(2S)-butan-2-yl]thiourea | 2432029 | Click to see CCC(C)NC(=S)N | 132.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.16-0936 |
| 2-Methylbutylthiourea | 14205305 | Click to see CCC(C)CNC(=S)N | 146.26 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.16-0936 |
| sec-Butyl-thiourea | 3346206 | Click to see | 132.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.16-0936 |
| Urea, 1-isopropyl-2-thio- | 1711921 | Click to see | 118.20 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.16-0936 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids | |||||
| Podocarpusflavone B | 5320646 | Click to see | 566.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97280-7 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones | |||||
| Luteolin | 5280445 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O | 286.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides | |||||
| Vitexin | 5280441 | Click to see | 432.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 6-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| Bonanzin | 5379563 | Click to see | 374.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| Artemetin | 5320351 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)OC)O)OC)OC | 388.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Casticin | 5315263 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)OC)O)OC)O | 374.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Chrysosplenol D | 5280699 | Click to see | 360.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |