Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Turnera diffusa, commonly called damiana, has long been prepared as a tea and as an alcoholic extract across its range. In northern Mexico, dried leaves were made into an infusion for a “light, safe” tonic, and sometimes as a tea for stomach complaints (Hocking, 1997). Among traditional healers in parts of Central America, leaf infusions were taken as a general nerve and reproductive tonic, while a leaf maceration in sugar syrup or honey was used as a mild stimulant elixir (Bennett and Prance, 2000). In 19th‑century United States pharmacopeias, damiana appeared as a fluid extract and as a tincture—often described simply as a stimulant tonic—confirming its history in both aqueous and alcoholic preparations (U.S. Dispensatory, 1884–1898).

Plant material is from the leaves and sometimes young stems; the stems are mentioned in pharmacopeial practice but the historical and modern market relies on the foliage (U.S. Dispensatory, 1884–1898; Hocking, 1997). In addition to tea, makers have used ethanol as a solvent; “American Herbal” descriptions and pharmacopeial references record 1:5 (leaf material:fluid) tinctures as a standard approach (U.S. Dispensatory, 1884–1898; American Herbal, 1998). A practical 1:5 tincture recipe uses approximately 10 g dried damiana leaves per 50 ml of 45% ethanol, lightly crushed, shaken daily, and steeped for 2–3 weeks; typical adult dropper doses range from 1–2 ml several times a day. Safety cautions are in order: damiana is not established as safe during pregnancy, and it may interact with drugs metabolized by CYP2D6; do not exceed recommended daily doses or combine with prescription stimulants without professional guidance (American Herbal, 1998; Hocking, 1997).

Phytochemistry that likely underlies these uses is well documented for damiana. The leaves contain volatile oils dominated by 1,8‑cineole and p‑cymene, flavonoids such as apigenin and luteolin derivatives, and various cyanogenic glycosides, notably tetraphyllin B (Hocking, 1997; Wichtl, 2004). Alkaloids are minor, with Damianin historically referenced but not chemically identified in contemporary analyses. These constituents plausibly explain the mild stimulant, spasmolytic, and aromatic digestive actions described in traditional practice (Duke, 1993).

Modern relevance is strong: damiana continues to be sold commercially as a tonic tea and tincture in specialty and herbal markets, while recent pharmacological studies have examined its central‑nervous‑system and smooth‑muscle activities (Arlt et al., 2011), keeping this historic remedy in both shelves and science (Bennett and Prance, 2000; Hocking, 1997).

General Uses Top

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Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Turnera diffusa is employed as a natural flavoring in alcoholic beverages, notably in damiana liqueur produced in Mexico and regions where the plant is used as a culinary ingredient. Commercially, damiana liqueur and related flavored spirits are marketed as specialty drinks, with the plant material incorporated as a macerate or infusion to impart aromatic and bitter flavor notes typical of herbal liqueurs. The product is positioned in beverage categories rather than as a traditional remedy. Related applications include use as a flavor component in bitters and aperitif-style beverages where damiana functions as an additive, and alcoholic tinctures for flavor extraction are processed similarly to those used for other botanical flavorants in the beverage industry. No medicinal or health claims are made in commercial descriptions of these products.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Bohadschia humifusa	C.Presl	Reliq. Haenk. 2: 98 (1835)
Bohadschia microphylla	Griseb.	Cat. Pl. Cub. : 114 (1866)
Triacis microphylla	(Desv.) Griseb.	Fl. Brit. W. I. : 297 (1860)
Turnera diffusa var. aphrodisiaca	(Ward) Urb.	Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 127 (1883)
Turnera pringlei	Rose	Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 5: 166 (1897)
Turnera aphrodisiaca	Ward	Virginia Med. Month. 3(1): 48 (-49). 1876
Turnera humifusa	Endl. ex Walp.	Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 230 (1843)
Turnera microphylla	Desv.	Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. : 33 (1825)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	damiana
Arabic	دميانة
Catalan	damiana
Czech	damiána
German	damiana
Estonian	seksturnera
Persian	دامیانا
ht	oreg mawon
Hungarian	damiana
Hungarian	damiána
Japanese	ダミアナ
Dutch	damiana
Portuguese	damiana
Romanian	damiana
Russian	Тёрнера раскидистая
Swedish	damiana
Chinese	達米阿那
Chinese	透納樹葉

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Northern America click to expand
- Mexico
  - Mexico Central
  - Mexico Gulf
  - Mexico Northeast
  - Mexico Northwest
  - Mexico Southeast
  - Mexico Southwest
- South-central U.S.A.
  - Texas

Southern America click to expand
- Brazil
  - Brazil Northeast
  - Brazil Southeast
- Caribbean
  - Bahamas
  - Cayman Islands
  - Cuba
  - Dominican Republic
  - Haiti
  - Jamaica
  - Leeward Islands
  - Puerto Rico
  - Turks-caicos Islands
- Central America
  - Belize
  - Costa Rica
  - El Salvador
  - Guatemala
  - Honduras
  - Nicaragua
  - Panamá

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0001143048
UNII	F91625K41R
USDA Plants	TUDI
Tropicos	33100134
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:836578-1
The Plant List	tro-33100134
Open Tree Of Life	92073
NCBI Taxonomy	329212
Nature Serve	2.152508
IPNI	836578-1
iNaturalist	170054
GBIF	2874847
Freebase	/m/04kc9z
EOL	584511
USDA GRIN	40777
Wikipedia	Turnera_diffusa
CMAUP	NPO2012

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Icarifil® in Association with Daily Use of Tadalafil (5 mg) versus Standard Tadalafil Daily Dose (5 mg) or Alone: Results from a Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial

Cai T, Palumbo F, Miacola C, Ceruti C, Rizzo M, Liguori G, Gallelli L, Palmieri A

J Clin Med

26-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11084434
doi:	10.3390/jcm13092564
PMID:	38731094

The mechanisms of natural products for eye disorders by targeting mitochondrial dysfunction

Sun GF, Qu XH, Jiang LP, Chen ZP, Wang T, Han XJ

Front Pharmacol

25-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11079200
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2024.1270073
PMID:	38725662

Article biodiversity inside bottles: animals, fungi, and plants in traditional alcoholic drinks

Juárez-Aragón MC, Moreno-Ramírez YD, Torres-Acosta RI, Torres-Castillo JA

Front Nutr

19-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11073491
doi:	10.3389/fnut.2024.1368110
PMID:	38711529

Plants from Arid and Semi-Arid Zones of Mexico Used to Treat Respiratory Diseases: A Review

Dávila-Rangel IE, Charles-Rodríguez AV, López-Romero JC, Flores-López ML

Plants (Basel)

11-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10974781
doi:	10.3390/plants13060792
PMID:	38592789

The Meaning of Plants' Names: A New Discovering Approach to Its Medicinal and/or Toxic Properties

dos Santos Dantas Lima L, Felipe Domingues Passero L, Indriunas A, de Souza Santos I, Francisco Uchôa Coqueiro L, Alexandre Souza da Cruz K, Batista de Almeida A, Carlos Fernandes Galduróz J, Rodrigues E

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med

19-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10896657
doi:	10.1155/2024/6678557
PMID:	38410808

Osteoarthritis in the Elderly Population: Preclinical Evidence of Nutrigenomic Activities of Flavonoids

Naselli F, Bellavia D, Costa V, De Luca A, Raimondi L, Giavaresi G, Caradonna F

Nutrients

28-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10780745
doi:	10.3390/nu16010112
PMID:	38201942

Emerging Role of Plant-Based Bioactive Compounds as Therapeutics in Parkinson’s Disease

Kumari N, Anand S, Shah K, Chauhan NS, Sethiya NK, Singhal M

Molecules

14-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10673433
doi:	10.3390/molecules28227588
PMID:	38005310

Bioactivity of the Genus Turnera: A Review of the Last 10 Years

Parra-Naranjo A, Delgado-Montemayor C, Salazar-Aranda R, Waksman-Minsky N

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

07-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10675026
doi:	10.3390/ph16111573
PMID:	38004438

The significance of essential oils and their antifungal properties in the food industry: A systematic review

Abdi-Moghadam Z, Mazaheri Y, Rezagholizade-shirvan A, Mahmoudzadeh M, Sarafraz M, Mohtashami M, Shokri S, Ghasemi A, Nickfar F, Darroudi M, Hossieni H, Hadian Z, Shamloo E, Rezaei Z

Heliyon

29-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10637975
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21386
PMID:	37954273

Yerba Maté (Ilex paraguariensis) Supplement Exerts Beneficial, Tissue-Specific Effects on Mitochondrial Efficiency and Redox Status in Healthy Adult Mice

Walton CM, Saito ER, Warren CE, Larsen JG, Remund NP, Reynolds PR, Hansen JM, Bikman BT

Nutrients

20-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10609848
doi:	10.3390/nu15204454
PMID:	37892529

Seed morphology and germination of <Turnera diffusa> Willd. ex Schult. emulating environmental conditions within ant nest

Puga-Guzmán PS, Magallán-Hernández F, Queijeiro-Bolaños M, Valencia-Hernández JA, Vergara-Pineda S

PLoS One

20-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10588869
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0292626
PMID:	37862298

Dietary Supplements for Erectile Dysfunction: Analysis of Marketed Products, Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Rational Use

Petre GC, Francini-Pesenti F, Vitagliano A, Grande G, Ferlin A, Garolla A

Nutrients

22-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10490034
doi:	10.3390/nu15173677
PMID:	37686709

Immunomodulating Phytochemicals: An Insight Into Their Potential Use in Cytokine Storm Situations

Alarabei AA, Abd Aziz NA, AB Razak NI, Abas R, Bahari H, Abdullah MA, Hussain MK, Abdul Majid AM, Basir R

Adv Pharm Bull

19-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10997936
doi:	10.34172/apb.2024.001
PMID:	38585461

From Plants to Wound Dressing and Transdermal Delivery of Bioactive Compounds

Isopencu GO, Covaliu-Mierlă CI, Deleanu IM

Plants (Basel)

16-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10386126
doi:	10.3390/plants12142661
PMID:	37514275

Natural flavones from edible and medicinal plants exhibit enormous potential to treat ulcerative colitis

Lu Q, Xie Y, Luo J, Gong Q, Li C

Front Pharmacol

01-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10268007
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2023.1168990
PMID:	37324477

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes
Triacontane	12535	Click to see	422.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
1-Hexacosanol	68171	Click to see	382.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Polyprenols
Ficaprenol 11	11411688	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCO)C)C)C)C)C)C)C)C)C)C)C	767.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
Moraprenol 11	375	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCO)C)C)C)C)C)C)C)C)C)C)C	767.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(1R,4S,6R,10S)-4,12,12-trimethyl-9-methylidene-5-oxatricyclo[8.2.0.04,6]dodecane	9991037	Click to see	220.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
4,12,12-Trimethyl-9-methylene-5-oxatricyclo(8.2.0.04,6)dodecane	14350	Click to see	220.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eremophilane, 8,9-secoeremophilane and furoeremophilane sesquiterpenoids
(4aS,5S)-3-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4a,5-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-one	14830797	Click to see	234.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
3-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4a,5-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-one	14830796	Click to see	234.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Squalene	638072	Click to see	410.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
Super Squalene; trans-Squalene;AddaVax	1105	Click to see	410.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / C-glycosyl compounds
(2S,3S,4S,5R)-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyoxolane-3,4-diol	6325664	Click to see COC1(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)CO	194.18	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyoxolane-3,4-diol	14055124	Click to see	194.18	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
beta-D-Fructofuranoside, methyl	128889	Click to see	194.18	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Cyanogenic glycosides
(1R,4R)-1-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-4-hydroxy-2-cyclopentene-1-carbonitrile	181811	Click to see	287.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
Tetraphyllin B: epitetraphyllin B (kcs-2CA)	115164	Click to see	287.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
2-Methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxypyran-4-one	14774602	Click to see CC1=C(C(=O)C=CO1)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	288.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
Dianthoside	5316639	Click to see CC1=C(C(=O)C=CO1)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	288.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
Hex-2-ulofuranosyl hexopyranoside	1115	Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O	342.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
Sucrose	5988	Click to see	342.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol	346	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	272.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
3-[4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]prop-2-enoic acid	54036359	Click to see	326.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-[4-[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]prop-2-enoic acid	73208527	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC(=O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	326.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
4'-O-beta-D-glucosyl-cis-p-coumaric acid	10604651	Click to see	326.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
Arbutin	440936	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	272.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides
1,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexan-2-One	1101	Click to see	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
D-(-)-Fructose	5984	Click to see	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Hexoses
D-Rhamnose	5460029	Click to see	164.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
D(+)-Glucose	107526	Click to see C(C(C(C(C(C=O)O)O)O)O)O	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
L-(-)-Fucose	220001	Click to see CC(C(C(C(C=O)O)O)O)O	164.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
L-Galactose	24749	Click to see C(C(C(C(C(C=O)O)O)O)O)O	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Cyclic ketones / Cyclohexenones
8-hydroxy-4a,8-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-naphthalen-2-one	72746331	Click to see	194.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
Teuhetenone A	15153216	Click to see CC12CCCC(C1=CC(=O)CC2)(C)O	194.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones
5,7-Dihydroxyflavanone	238782	Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC=CC=C3	256.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
Pinocembrin	68071	Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC=CC=C3	256.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-[5-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one	156602785	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2=O)O)C)C3=C(C=C(C4=C3OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	576.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
3-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-8-yl]prop-2-enoic acid	162864368	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C(=C3O2)C=CC(=O)O)O)O)O)O	356.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
8-C-(2-Rhamnosyl-6-deoxyhexopyranosulyl)luteolin	102040777	Click to see	576.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
Apigenin	5280443	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	270.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200600591758
Luteolin 8-C-E-propenoic acid	16109839	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C(=C3O2)C=CC(=O)O)O)O)O)O	356.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides
(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2-O-(6-deoxy-beta-L-mannopyranosyl)-1-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-8-yl]-D-glucitol	86289611	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2C3=C(C=C(C4=C3OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-2002-11-1204 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-8-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one	163104288	Click to see	624.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-2002-11-1204
8-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one	162943820	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2C3=C(C=C(C4=C3OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
Apigenin-8-C-glucoside-2'-rhamnoside	5874704	Click to see	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
Orientin 2''-rhamnoside	73829968	Click to see	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	102401707	Click to see	656.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
2-(3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	162843299	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)O)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)COC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	656.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	16109838	Click to see	670.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	162923988	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)COC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	670.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
Quercetin 3-O-gentiobioside	5320834	Click to see	626.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
Quercetin-3-gentiobioside	13915961	Click to see	626.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] (Z)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	16109840	Click to see	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (Z)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	16109837	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=CC(=C4C(=C3)OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	162916367	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=CC(=C4C(=C3)OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	162959878	Click to see	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
7-O-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside	11294177	Click to see	462.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
Apigenin 7-O-glucoside	5280704	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-2002-11-1204
Apigenin-7-O-(6''-O-4-coumaroyl)-beta-glucopyranoside	6439941	Click to see	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
Chrysoeriol-7-O-beta-D-glucoside	13871877	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	462.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
Echinaticin	101321313	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC(=O)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OC3=CC(=C4C(=C3)OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)CO)O	578.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Glucotricin	13984469	Click to see	492.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
Npc85473	5385553	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
Terniflorin	131752172	Click to see	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-2002-11-1204
Tricin 7-glucoside	5322022	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	492.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-8-O-glycosides
8-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one	162895396	Click to see	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
8-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one	162895395	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3=C(C=C(C4=C3OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)C)O)O)O)O)O	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 4-O-methylated flavonoids
Acacetin	5280442	Click to see	284.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
5-Hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone	5281601	Click to see	298.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R
Velutin	5464381	Click to see COC1=CC(=C2C(=C1)OC(=CC2=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)OC)O	314.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP060253R

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Turnera diffusa

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