Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Pinguicula vulgaris, the common butterwort, is a small carnivorous herb whose slimy leaves were traditionally used in Europe and Scandinavia to dress wounds and milk sores. In Swedish folk medicine the fresh leaves were crushed and applied as a poultice to sores and bruises; in Estonia the pressed leaves were placed on sores and fevered sites; in the highlands of the Czech Republic the leaf was also macerated in spirits and used externally as a rub for rheumatic pain (Tschirch, 1909; Kroeber, 1950; Varga et al., 1989; Lignell, 1997). In some Scandinavian accounts the fresh leaves were made into a mild infusion for coughs and colds, while in Alpine traditions the herb was included in compounds for respiratory complaints (Varga et al., 1989; Lignell, 1997).

To prepare a mildly astringent poultice for topical use, thoroughly wash and gently crush a small handful of fresh leaves (about 20–30 g). Spread the material on a clean gauze pad and apply to the area for 20–30 minutes, refreshing the layer if it dries. Avoid extensive, prolonged occlusion and discontinue if irritation occurs; because the plant is not widely studied for internal use, do not ingest preparations unless guided by a qualified practitioner, and pregnant or nursing individuals should avoid oral preparations (Kroeber, 1950; Lignell, 1997).

Modern chemistry supports the traditional topical astringency of Pinguicula vulgaris. The leaves accumulate mucilaginous polysaccharides that form the characteristic slime, while their cuticular exudate contains phenolic acids such as cinnamic and caffeic acids and flavonoids (especially quercetin and luteolin derivatives) known for astringency and mild antioxidant activity; sesquiterpene lactones contribute bitterness and antibacterial activity, consistent with wound-care applications (Lignell, 1997; Kreft et al., 1998; Komulainen et al., 2000).

Although clinical trials are limited, Pinguicula vulgaris remains of commercial interest to specialty herbalists and traditional users in northern Europe, where leaf extracts continue to appear in small-batch topical salves and poultice blends sold through Nordic herb retailers (Komulainen et al., 2000).

General Uses Top

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Scientific and model-organism use:
Whole-genome and organellar genome sequencing are available for Pinguicula vulgaris, providing data for phylogenomics, gene family evolution, and comparative genomics of carnivorous plant adaptations in GenBank and CNCFlora databases. The species is cultivated and studied as a reference for carnivory traits (e.g., tentacle and glandular head morphology, mucilage composition, prey-induced enzyme secretion). Phenolic chemistry (particularly flavonoids) is documented from anatomical studies, supporting its use in comparative pigment and mucopolysaccharide analysis. The epithet “vulgaris” and taxonomic usage are recorded in major plant databases (e.g., Kew Plants of the World Online).

Properties relevant to use:
Physicochemical features underpinning its utility include:
- An epidermis with long-stalked glands that secrete a hydrophilic polysaccharide-rich mucilage, conferring strong adhesive and hygroscopic properties.
- Short-stalked glands that release digestive enzymes (including proteases such as trypsin-like proteases) in response to prey; enzyme kinetics and induction are recorded in laboratory studies.
- Phenolic compounds (flavonoid profiles) documented by anatomical and phytochemical analyses.

Note on traditional remedy and food uses: reported historical use of Pinguicula spp. in some regions as milk-curdling agents lacks sufficient, taxon-specific verification; therefore those applications are excluded.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Pinguicula borealis	Salisb.	Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 90 (1796)
Pinguicula arctica	Eastw.	Bot. Gaz. 33: 293 (1902)
Pinguicula bohemica	Krajina	Vestn. Král. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk. Tr. Mat.-Prír. 15: 1 (1926 publ. 1927)
Pinguicula norica	Beck	Oesterr. Bot. Z. 62: 41 (1912)
Pinguicula oxyptera	Rchb. ex Benj.	Linnaea 20: 318 (1847)
Pinguicula ovata	Stokes	Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 37 (1812)
Pinguicula gypsophila	Wallr.	Linnaea 14: 533 (1841)
Pinguicula vulgaris subsp. bicolor	Á.Löve & D.Löve
Pinguicula vulgaris subsp. anzalonei	Peruzzi & F.Conti	Ann. Bot. Fenn. 43: 334 (2006)
Pinguicula vulgaris subsp. vestina	F.Conti & Peruzzi	Ann. Bot. Fenn. 43: 335 (2006)
Pinguicula vulgaris subsp. ernica	Peruzzi & F.Conti	Ann. Bot. Fenn. 43: 335 (2006)
Pinguicula vulgaris var. pallida	Lange	Meddel. Grønland 3: 261 (1887)
Pinguicula bicolor	Wol.	Oesterr. Bot. Z. 37: 80 (1887)
Pinguicula dostalii	Bárta	Veda Prir. 23: 5 (1944)
Pinguicula vulgaris subsp. alpicola	(Rchb.) Rouy	Consp. Fl. France : 205 (1927)
Pinguicula vulgaris subsp. bohemica	(Krajina) Domin	Preslia 13-15: 191 (1935-1936 publ. 1936)
Pinguicula vulgaris var. obtusa	Sommerf.	Suppl. Fl. Lapp. : 2 (1826)
Pinguicula vulgaris var. tenuior	Wahlenb.	Fl. Lapp. : 10 (1812)
Pinguicula vulgaris var. obtusata	Nordst.	Bot. Not. 1863: 15 (1863)
Pinguicula vulgaris var. uliginosa	Genty ex Magnier	Mém. Soc. Émul. Doubs , sér. 6, 10: 253 (1895)
Pinguicula vulgaris var. albida	Behm	Bot. Not. 1881: 93 (1881)
Pinguicula vulgaris var. coerulea	Briq.	Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 3: 105 (1899)
Pinguicula vulgaris var. gaveana	Beauverd	Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève , sér. 2, 3: 324 (1911)
Pinguicula vulgaris var. alpestris	Marçais	Rev. Bot. 8: 565 (1890)
Pinguicula vulgaris var. minor	W.D.J.Koch	Taschenb. Deut. Schweiz. Fl. : 417 (1848)
Pinguicula vulgaris var. pratensis	W.D.J.Koch	Taschenb. Deut. Schweiz. Fl. : 417 (1848)
Pinguicula vulgaris var. gypsophila	(Wallr.) Rchb.f.	Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 20: 145 (1862)
Pinguicula vulgaris var. macrantha	Lamotte	Prodr. Fl. Plat. Centr. 2: 511 (1881)
Pinguicula vulgaris var. sixtina	Briq.	Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 3: 105 (1899)
Pinguicula bicolor f. gorcensis	Kornas	Monogr. Bot. 5: 144 (1957)
Pinguicula vulgaris f. coerulescens	Eklund	Acta Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 55(9): 101 (1929)
Pinguicula vulgaris subvar. major	Coss. & Germ.	Fl. Descr. Anal. Paris , ed. 2: 374 (1861)
Pinguicula vulgaris f. semiflava	Neuman	Sver. Fl. : 119 (1901)
Pinguicula vulgaris f. micrantha	Lindblom	Bot. Not. 1845: 69 (1845)
Pinguicula vulgaris f. brevicalcarata	Lindblom	Bot. Not. 1845: 69 (1845)
Pinguicula vulgaris f. albida	(Behm) Neuman	Sver. Fl. : 119 (1901)
Pinguicula vulgaris var. alpicola	Rchb.	Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 1: 70 (1823)
Pinguicula vulgaris var. bicolor	Nordst. ex Fr.	Exsicc. (Herb. Norm.) 16: n.° 22 (1864)
Pinguicula vulgaris f. bicolor	(Nordst. ex Fr.) Neuman	Sver. Fl. : 118 (1901)
Pinguicula vulgaris var. bohemica	(Krajina) Casper	Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 66: 127 (1962)
Pinguicula vulgaris subvar. sixtina	(Briq.) Rouy	Fl. France 11: 202 (1909)
Pinguicula vulgaris var. obtusata	Hartm.	Handb. Skand. Fl. , ed. 2: 6 (1832)
Pinguicula vulgaris f. macrantha	Lindblom	Bot. Not. 1845: 69 (1845)
Pinguicula vulgaris prol. alpicola	(Rchb.) Rouy	Fl. France 11: 202 (1909)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	common butterwort
Arabic	حشيشة الدهن
Arabic	لسان الوز
Arabic	لسان وزة
Arabic	حشيشة النجارين
Arabic	عشبة الدهن
Arabic	حسيشة الدهن
Belarusian	Тлушчанка звычайная
Czech	tučnice obecná
Welsh	tafod y gors
Welsh	euryfedig
Danish	almindelig vibefedt
German	gemeines fettblatt
German	blaues fettkraut
German	gemeine fettkraut
German	gemeines fettkraut
German	kiwitzfettkraut
German	gewöhnliches fettkraut
Estonian	harilik võipätakas
Finnish	siniyökönlehti
French	grassette commune
Irish	bodán meascáin
Upper Sorbian	módra tučnička
Hungarian	lápi hízóka
Icelandic	lyfjagras
Italian	pinguicola
Japanese	虫取りスミレ
Japanese	ムシトリスミレ
Japanese	虫取菫
Japanese	虫取り菫
Korean	벌레잡이제비꽃
Lithuanian	paprastoji tuklė
Latvian	parastā kreimule
Norwegian Bokmål	tettegras
Norwegian Bokmål	vanlig tettegras
Norwegian Bokmål	tettegress
Dutch	vetblad
Dutch	gewone vetblad
Dutch	gewoon vetblad
Norwegian Nynorsk	tettegras
Polish	tłustosz pospolity
Russian	жирянка обыкновенная
se	alitvuodjalasta
se	alit vuodjalasta
se	alitdohpi
Slovak	tučnica obyčajná
Slovenian	bavadna mastnica
Slovenian	navadna mastnica
sma	sååketjekraesie
smj	njavllerásse
smn	cissáátivgâ
Serbian	Обична масница
Swedish	tätört
Swedish	vanlig tätört
Tamil	பிங்குவிய்குலா வல்காரிஸ்
Ukrainian	Товстянка звичайна
Ukrainian	Товстянка двоколірна
Chinese	野捕虫堇
Chinese	野捕蟲堇

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment.

bog plant; stand pot in 3 cm water

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Mongolia
  - Mongolia
- Siberia
  - Buryatiya
  - Irkutsk
  - Krasnoyarsk
  - Tuva
  - West Siberia
  - Yakutskiya

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Belarus
  - East European Russia
  - North European Russia
  - Northwest European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Finland
  - Føroyar
  - Great Britain
  - Iceland
  - Ireland
  - Norway
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Italy
  - Romania
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - Labrador
  - New Brunswick
  - Newfoundland
  - Nova Scotia
  - Ontario
  - Québec
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Minnesota
  - Wisconsin
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Maine
  - Michigan
  - New Hampshire
  - New York
  - Vermont
- Subarctic America
  - Alaska
  - Greenland
  - Northwest Territorie
  - Nunavut
  - Yukon
- Western Canada
  - Alberta
  - British Columbia
  - Manitoba
  - Saskatchewan

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000469090
UNII	M94FLF340L
Canadensys	6500
USDA Plants	PIVU
Tropicos	18300004
INPN	113639
Flora of Italy	8266
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:526527-1
The Plant List	kew-2537397
Open Tree Of Life	502891
Observations.org	2675
NCBI Taxonomy	204362
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000004184
Nature Serve	2.153631
IUCN Red List	175287
IPNI	526527-1
iNaturalist	121266
GBIF	5415065
Freebase	/m/02z8tst
WisFlora	4500
EPPO	PNUVU
EOL	577827
Elurikkus	6277
USDA GRIN	430903
Wikipedia	Pinguicula_vulgaris
Tropicos	18300002
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:526422-1
The Plant List	tro-18300002
Observations.org	120649
IPNI	526422-1
Elurikkus	607477
CMAUP	NPO17282
Plantarium	28374

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Technological and Enzymatic Characterization of Autochthonous Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Viili Natural Starters

Rampanti G, Cantarini A, Cardinali F, Milanović V, Garofalo C, Aquilanti L, Osimani A

Foods

05-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11011773
doi:	10.3390/foods13071115
PMID:	38611419

Lake Superior's summer cooling of shorelines and adjacent inland forests: Implications for refugia of boreal forests and disjunct arctic–alpine plants

Hillman A, Nielsen SE

Ecol Evol

28-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10753639
doi:	10.1002/ece3.10833
PMID:	38155816

Traditional Knowledge Evolution over Half of a Century: Local Herbal Resources and Their Changes in the Upper Susa Valley of Northwest Italy

Sulaiman N, Zocchi DM, Borrello MT, Mattalia G, Antoniazzi L, Berlinghof SE, Bewick A, Häfliger I, Schembs M, Torri L, Pieroni A

Plants (Basel)

22-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10780445
doi:	10.3390/plants13010043
PMID:	38202351

Ecophysiology of Endangered Plant Species Saussurea esthonica: Effect of Mineral Nutrient Availability and Soil Moisture

Gailite A, Andersone-Ozola U, Samsone I, Karlsons A, Ievinsh G

Plants (Basel)

16-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9965748
doi:	10.3390/plants12040888
PMID:	36840236

Scrub encroachment promotes biodiversity in temperate European wetlands under eutrophic conditions

Brunbjerg AK, Fløjgaard C, Frøslev TG, Andersen DK, Bruun HH, Dalby L, Goldberg I, Lehmann LJ, Moeslund JE, Ejrnæs R

Ecol Evol

01-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC9627074
doi:	10.1002/ece3.9445
PMID:	36340817

Scale‐dependent effects of marine subsidies on the island biogeographic patterns of plants

Obrist DS, Fitzpatrick OT, Brown NE, Hanly PJ, Nijland W, Reshitnyk LY, Wickham SB, Darimont CT, Reynolds JD, Starzomski BM

Ecol Evol

09-Sep-2022

PMCID:	PMC9461347
doi:	10.1002/ece3.9270
PMID:	36177118

Selection against early flowering in geothermally heated soils is associated with pollen but not prey availability in a carnivorous plant

Valdés A, Helmutsdóttir VF, Marteinsdottir B, Ehrlén J

Am J Bot

04-Sep-2022

PMCID:	PMC9826420
doi:	10.1002/ajb2.16047
PMID:	35971628

More smooth-spored species of Inocybe (Agaricales, Ba sidiomycota): type studies and 12 new species from Europe

Bandini D, Oertel B, Eberhardt U

Persoonia

04-Apr-2022

PMCID:	PMC10792289
doi:	10.3767/persoonia.2023.48.03
PMID:	38234688

Identification of Lagopus muta japonica food plant resources in the Northern Japan Alps using DNA metabarcoding

Fujii T, Ueno K, Shirako T, Nakamura M, Minami M

PLoS One

10-Mar-2022

PMCID:	PMC8912148
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0252632
PMID:	35271584

Carex pulicaris abundance is positively associated with soil acidity, rainfall and floristic diversity in the eastern distribution range

Sotek Z, Stasińska M, Malinowski R, Gamrat R, Gałczyńska M, Kull T, Mochnacký S, Grzejszczak G, Paprota D, Kolarčik V

Sci Rep

23-Feb-2022

PMCID:	PMC8866523
doi:	10.1038/s41598-022-06695-6
PMID:	35197488

Pulse grazing by reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) can increase the phylogenetic diversity of vascular plant communities in the Fennoscandian tundra

Gibson K, Olofsson J, Mooers AØ, Monroe MJ

Ecol Evol

07-Oct-2021

PMCID:	PMC8571604
doi:	10.1002/ece3.8131
PMID:	34765128

A new carnivorous plant lineage (Triantha) with a unique sticky-inflorescence trap

Lin Q, Ané C, Givnish TJ, Graham SW

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

09-Aug-2021

PMCID:	PMC8379919
doi:	10.1073/pnas.2022724118
PMID:	34373325

Can functional genomic diversity provide novel insights into mechanisms of community assembly? A pilot study from an invaded alpine streambed

Marx HE, Carboni M, Douzet R, Perrier C, Delbart F, Thuiller W, Lavergne S, Tank DC

Ecol Evol

04-Aug-2021

PMCID:	PMC8427620
doi:	10.1002/ece3.7973
PMID:	34522362

Assessing Genotypic and Environmental Effects on Endophyte Communities of Fraxinus (Ash) Using Culture Dependent and Independent DNA Sequencing

Lahiri A, Murphy BR, Hodkinson TR

J Fungi (Basel)

15-Jul-2021

PMCID:	PMC8306109
doi:	10.3390/jof7070565
PMID:	34356944

Recent ecophysiological, biochemical and evolutional insights into plant carnivory

Adamec L, Matušíková I, Pavlovič A

Ann Bot

10-Jun-2021

PMCID:	PMC8389183
doi:	10.1093/aob/mcab071
PMID:	34111238

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
6S,9R-Roseoside	9930064	Click to see	386.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
-D-Glucopyranoside, (1aS,1bS,2S,5aR,6S,6aS)-1a,1b,2,5a,6,6a-hexahydro-6-hydroxy-1a-[[[(2E)-1-oxo-3-phenyl-2-propenyl]oxy]methyl]oxireno[4,5]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyran-2-yl	21603202	Click to see	492.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83027-7 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50038A035
(2R)-2-[[(1R,2S,6S)-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,9-dioxatricyclo[4.4.0.02,4]dec-7-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	138107792	Click to see	362.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83027-7
[(1S,2S,4S,5S,6R,10S)-5-hydroxy-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,9-dioxatricyclo[4.4.0.0^{2,4]dec-7-en-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoate	151789	Click to see	492.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83027-7
[(1S,2S,4S,5S,6S,10S)-5-hydroxy-10-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,9-dioxatricyclo[4.4.0.02,4]dec-7-en-2-yl]methyl (Z)-3-phenylprop-2-enoate	162851800	Click to see	492.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50038A035
[(1S,2S,4S,5S,6S,10S)-5-hydroxy-10-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,9-dioxatricyclo[4.4.0.02,4]dec-7-en-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoate	154496669	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC(=O)OCC23C4C(C=COC4OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C(C2O3)O	492.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50038A035
Catalpinoside	3917786	Click to see	362.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83027-7
Catalpol	91520	Click to see	362.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83027-7
Globularin	21603201	Click to see	492.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50038A035 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83027-7
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-methylphenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	11723266	Click to see CC1=C(C=C(C=C1OC)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O	316.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
[2,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-phenylmethanone	10393178	Click to see	568.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Azepines
4-hydroxy-7-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-azepine-2,5-dione	54749584	Click to see CC(C)(CC1=CC(=O)C(=CC(=O)N1)O)O	211.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pestalactam A	54749583	Click to see	245.66	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pestalactam C	54749585	Click to see	227.64	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acid esters / Coumaric acid esters
Scutellarioside II	6443034	Click to see	508.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50038A035
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones
(S)-2,3-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-8-methyl-2-phenyl-4-benzopyrone	6453244	Click to see	270.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
Strobopinin	442520	Click to see CC1=C(C2=C(C=C1O)OC(CC2=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)O	270.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[6-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydroxyphenoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	11798847	Click to see	478.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isoscutellarein	5281665	Click to see	286.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80718-6
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol	5280863	Click to see	286.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Myricetin	5281672	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	318.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see	302.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glucuronides / Flavonoid-3-O-glucuronides
Myricetin 3-O-glucuronide	5487413	Click to see	494.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromen-3-yl)oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-3-yl) 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	5316590	Click to see	616.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
5,6,7,8-tetrahydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	10961589	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=C(C(=C(C(=C3C2=O)O)O)O)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Afzelin	5316673	Click to see	432.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
myricetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside	5318606	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	480.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Myricitrin	5281673	Click to see	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercitrin	5280459	Click to see	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
quercetin-7-O-(6''-gallate)-glucoside	100968215	Click to see	616.50	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Pinguicula vulgaris

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