Geranium collinum
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64401ddec05eb153670758 |
| Scientific name | Geranium collinum |
| Authority | Stephan ex Willd. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl., ed. 4 , 3: 705 (1800) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Among the peoples of the Caucasus and Central Asia, the aerial parts of Geranium collinum have long been prepared as infusions or decoctions to relieve diarrhea, dysentery, and stomach upsets, as well as to soothe sore mouths and inflamed gums. Armenian, Georgian, and Azeri sources describe the use of the plant for these purposes. Classical and herbarium literature from the Caucasus records infusions of the above‑ground parts in cases of indigestion, while ethnomedical sources from the northern Caucasus note decoctions for treating intestinal complaints and “stomach pains” (Grossgeim, 1938; Grossgeim, 1940). In Central Asia, collected ethnomedical herbarium labels from Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan likewise list infusions of the herb for “digestive troubles,” including diarrhea, with occasional mention of gargles or mouth rinses for mouth sores and inflamed gums (Druzhinina et al., 1974; Chembers et al., 1975).
Further afield, Tibetan practitioners have prepared the plant as a decoction of the whole herb for simple diarrhea and for soothing a sore throat or gums, a use that appears in modern compilations of Tibetan medicinal plants (Bharati & Bharati, 2002). Traditional systems in the former Soviet Union also cite the plant as a mild astringent infusion, and 20th‑century pharmacopoeial records for Central Asian peoples report both infusions and decoctions of the aerial parts employed for gastrointestinal complaints and minor mouth and throat inflammations (Akhundova & Sumbulova, 2013).
For those wishing to try a mild tea, place 1–2 grams of air‑dried aerial parts (leaves and stems) into a cup of just‑boiled water, cover, and steep for 10–15 minutes; drink as needed, but do not exceed three cups in a day. In a damp, cool climate, or with very sensitive mucosa, a slightly weaker brew (about 1 gram per cup) can reduce astringent effects. While widely used in the region, it is not known for how long; if diarrhea persists beyond a few days, discontinue the preparation and seek professional care. The preparation described here is based on the classic method recorded in Central Asian field sources for these indications (Druzhinina et al., 1974; Chembers et al., 1975; Grossgeim, 1938).
Ethnobotanical surveys consistently associate the plant’s activity with its richness in ellagitannins such as geraniin, with lesser amounts of gallic and ellagic acids; these well‑known constituents provide a plausible astringent and protein‑precipitating effect consistent with the recorded uses against diarrhea, dysentery, and oral inflammation (Van Wyk & Wink, 2004; Vane & Bisset, 2002). Today, the aerial herb is still gathered locally in parts of Central Asia and the Caucasus, mainly as a community resource, and ongoing phytochemical and pharmacological work continues to evaluate the plant’s tannins and antioxidant profile, though the products themselves are not yet widely commercialized outside traditional supply channels.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Geranium aconitifolium var. album | B.Ghosh & U.C.Bhattach. | J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 10: 312 (1987 publ. 1988) |
| Geranium acutilobum | Coincy | J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 56 (1898) |
| Geranium collinum var. londesii | (Fisch. ex Link) Tzvelev | Fl. Vostochnoi Evropy 9: 378 (1996) |
| Geranium collinum var. wakhanicum | Paulsen | Bot. Tidsskr. 27: 133 1906 |
| Geranium exul | Rech.f. & Riedl | Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 65: 32 (1962) |
| Geranium humifusum | R.Knuth & R.Knuth | Jahresber. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 81(2): 16 (1904) |
| Geranium londesii | Fisch. ex Link | Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 196 (1822) |
| Geranium longipedatum | St.-Lag. | Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 126 (1880) |
| Geranium longipes | DC. | Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 1: 442 (1822) |
| Geranium minutum | Ikonn. | Opred. Vyssh. Rast. Badakhshana : 243 (1979) |
| Geranium pseudoaconitifolium | Blatt. | J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 36: 956 (1933) |
| Geranium pseudoaconitifolium var. album | (B.Ghosh & U.C.Bhattach.) Aswal & Mehrotra | Indian J. Forest. 13: 66 (1990) |
| Geranium wakhanicum | (Pauls.) Ikonn. | Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 275 (1971) |
| Geranium collinum var. eglandulosum | Ledeb. | Fl. Ross. 1: 467 1842 |
| Geranium collinum var. wakhanicum | Pauls. | |
| Geranium collinum var. glandulosum | Ledeb. | |
| Geranium collinum unranked eglandulosum | (Ledeb.) Graebn. | |
| Geranium collinum f. eglandulosum | (Ledeb.) Şerb. | |
| Geranium collinum f. glandulosum | Ledeb. ex Şerb. |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | hill geranium |
| Belarusian | герань узгоркавая |
| Armenian | Խորդենի բլրային |
| Russian | Герань ваханская |
| Russian | Герань холмовая |
| tg | Анҷибари тал |
| Uzbek | anjabor |
| Chinese | 丘陵老鹳草 |
| Chinese | 丘陵老鸛草 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Sow seeds directly at 4°C. |
| Requires Darkness: These seeds need to be covered with soil or otherwise kept in the dark to germinate properly. Light inhibits their germination process. |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Caucasus
- North Caucasus
- Transcaucasus
-
China
- Xinjiang
-
Middle Asia
- Kazakhstan
- Kirgizstan
- Tadzhikistan
- Turkmenistan
- Uzbekistan
-
Mongolia
- Mongolia
-
Siberia
- Altay
- West Siberia
-
Western Asia
- Afghanistan
- Iran
- Turkey
-
Caucasus
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- Nepal
- Pakistan
- West Himalaya
-
Indian Subcontinent
-
Europe click to expand
-
Eastern Europe
- Belarus
- Central European Russia
- East European Russia
- Krym
- South European Russia
- Ukraine
-
Southeastern Europe
- Romania
-
Southwestern Europe
- Spain
-
Eastern Europe
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000700259 |
| Tropicos | 13900731 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:372909-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2823065 |
| Plantarium | 17465 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 3942131 |
| Observations.org | 118267 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 1368250 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0200002232 |
| IPNI | 372909-1 |
| iNaturalist | 486931 |
| GBIF | 2891237 |
| EPPO | GERCL |
| EOL | 130339 |
| Elurikkus | 325728 |
| USDA GRIN | 419399 |
| CMAUP | NPO3521 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Aporphines | |||||
| (-)-Isoboldine | 6971182 | Click to see | 327.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isoboldine | 133323 | Click to see | 327.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Pavine alkaloids | |||||
| (-)-Argemonine | 442168 | Click to see | 355.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1R,12R)-15-methoxy-20-methyl-5,7-dioxa-20-azapentacyclo[10.7.1.02,10.04,8.013,18]icosa-2,4(8),9,13,15,17-hexaen-16-ol | 12305286 | Click to see | 325.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1R,12R)-16-Methoxy-20-methyl-5,7-dioxa-20-azapentacyclo[10.7.1.02,10.04,8.013,18]icosa-2,4(8),9,13,15,17-hexaen-15-ol | 3082467 | Click to see CN1C2CC3=CC4=C(C=C3C1CC5=CC(=C(C=C25)O)OC)OCO4 | 325.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1R,12S)-15,16-dimethoxy-20-methyl-5,7-dioxa-20-azapentacyclo[10.7.1.02,10.04,8.013,18]icosa-2,4(8),9,13,15,17-hexaen-1-ol | 10948236 | Click to see | 355.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1R,12S)-23-methyl-5,7,16,18-tetraoxa-23-azahexacyclo[10.10.1.02,10.04,8.013,21.015,19]tricosa-2,4(8),9,13,15(19),20-hexaen-1-ol | 11110561 | Click to see | 339.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1R,9R)-5,12-dimethoxy-17-methyl-17-azatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadeca-2,4,6,10,12,14-hexaene-4,13-diol | 11869664 | Click to see CN1C2CC3=CC(=C(C=C3C1CC4=CC(=C(C=C24)O)OC)OC)O | 327.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,12S,20R)-15-methoxy-20-methyl-20-oxido-5,7-dioxa-20-azoniapentacyclo[10.7.1.02,10.04,8.013,18]icosa-2,4(8),9,13,15,17-hexaen-16-ol | 102304441 | Click to see C[N+]1(C2CC3=CC(=C(C=C3C1CC4=CC5=C(C=C24)OCO5)OC)O)[O-] | 341.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,12S,20R)-16-methoxy-20-methyl-20-oxido-5,7-dioxa-20-azoniapentacyclo[10.7.1.02,10.04,8.013,18]icosa-2,4(8),9,13,15,17-hexaen-15-ol | 102304443 | Click to see | 341.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,12S)-15-methoxy-20-methyl-5,7-dioxa-20-azapentacyclo[10.7.1.02,10.04,8.013,18]icosa-2,4(8),9,13,15,17-hexaen-16-ol | 11823545 | Click to see CN1C2CC3=CC(=C(C=C3C1CC4=CC5=C(C=C24)OCO5)OC)O | 325.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,12S)-5,7,16,18-tetraoxa-23-azahexacyclo[10.10.1.02,10.04,8.013,21.015,19]tricosa-2,4(8),9,13,15(19),20-hexaene | 11012304 | Click to see | 309.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,9S)-4,13-dimethoxy-17-methyl-17-azatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadeca-2(7),3,5,10,12,14-hexaene-3,12-diol | 92856799 | Click to see CN1C2CC3=C(C1CC4=CC(=C(C=C24)O)OC)C(=C(C=C3)OC)O | 327.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (5S,12S)-5,6,12,13-Tetrahydro-15-methylcycloocta(1,2-f:5,6-f')bis(1,3)benzodioxol-5,12-imine | 12304178 | Click to see | 323.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Caryachine | 44575219 | Click to see | 325.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Crychine | 193382 | Click to see | 323.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Dibenzo[a,e]cycloocten-5,11-imine-2,9-diol,5,6,11,12-tetrahydro-3,8-dimethoxy-13-methyl-, (5S)- | 12300156 | Click to see | 327.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Proaporphines | |||||
| (1'S,2S,4R)-10-methoxy-5-methylspiro[5-azatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-1(12),8,10-triene-2,4'-cyclohex-2-ene]-1',11-diol | 10870351 | Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC34CCC(C=C4)O)O)OC | 301.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (2S,4R)-10,11-dimethoxy-5-methylspiro[5-azatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-1(12),8,10-triene-2,4'-cyclohex-2-ene]-1'-one | 12306127 | Click to see | 313.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (2S,4R)-10,11-dimethoxyspiro[5-azatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-1(12),8,10-triene-2,4'-cyclohex-2-ene]-1'-one | 13819281 | Click to see | 299.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Protoberberine alkaloids and derivatives | |||||
| Berberine | 2353 | Click to see | 336.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives | |||||
| 3-O-Methylgallic acid | 19829 | Click to see | 184.15 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00567786 |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids | |||||
| Gallic Acid | 370 | Click to see | 170.12 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00567786 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids | |||||
| Tocopherol quinone | 2734086 | Click to see | 446.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| Squalene | 638072 | Click to see | 410.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans | |||||
| Cryptocaryone | 10379026 | Click to see | 282.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoquinolines and derivatives | |||||
| 6-Methyl-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolin-6-ium | 2753983 | Click to see | 188.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoquinolines and derivatives / Benzylisoquinolines | |||||
| 4-[(6,7-Dimethoxyisoquinolin-1-yl)methyl]phenol | 21814573 | Click to see | 295.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoquinolines and derivatives / Isoquinolones and derivatives | |||||
| Doryanin | 12998814 | Click to see | 203.19 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrans / Pyranones and derivatives / Dihydropyranones | |||||
| 7-O-Methylcryptochinone A | 46939685 | Click to see COC1CC2=C(C3C1OC(=O)C3)C(=O)CC(O2)C4=CC=CC=C4 | 314.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 7-O-Methylcryptochinone B | 46939686 | Click to see | 314.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Cryptocaryanone A | 10356404 | Click to see C1C2C(C=CC3=C2C(=O)CC(O3)C4=CC=CC=C4)OC1=O | 282.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Cryptochinone A | 46939683 | Click to see | 300.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Cryptochinone B | 46939684 | Click to see | 300.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Tetrahydroisoquinolines | |||||
| (1'S,2R,4R)-10,11-dimethoxy-5-methylspiro[5-azatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-1(12),8,10-triene-2,6'-cyclohex-2-ene]-1'-ol | 10914050 | Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC34CCC=CC4O)OC)OC | 315.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives | |||||
| Hexacosyl (E)-ferulate | 5318033 | Click to see | 558.90 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones | |||||
| (2S)-7-hydroxyflavanone | 688857 | Click to see C1C(OC2=C(C1=O)C=CC(=C2)O)C3=CC=CC=C3 | 240.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones / Flavanonols | |||||
| (2R,3S)-2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2,3-Dihydrochromen-4-One | 712318 | Click to see | 304.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols | |||||
| 3,7,8,4'-Tetrahydroxyflavone | 22239065 | Click to see | 286.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00567786 |
| Quercetin | 5280343 | Click to see | 302.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00567786 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxan-2-Yl)Oxychromen-4-One | 5378597 | Click to see | 464.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00569822 |
| 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 54579866 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 610.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00569822 |
| 3-(beta-D-Arabinopyranosyloxy)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | 21722017 | Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O | 434.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00569822 |
| acs.jmedchem.1c00409_ST.657 | 5878729 | Click to see | 434.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00569822 |
| Isoquercitin | 10813969 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 464.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00569822 |
| Vitamin P | 5293655 | Click to see | 610.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00569822 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| (-)-Pinostrobin | 73201 | Click to see | 270.28 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 5-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone | 5748697 | Click to see | 298.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Mosloflavone | 471722 | Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)OC(=CC2=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)O)OC | 298.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 8-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| 5-Hydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyflavone | 21632881 | Click to see | 328.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 2-Hydroxychalcones | |||||
| 2',4'-Dihydroxy-3'-methoxychalcone | 9993268 | Click to see | 270.28 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins | |||||
| [3,4,5,13,21,22,23-Heptahydroxy-8,18-dioxo-12-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-9,14,17-trioxatetracyclo[17.4.0.02,7.010,15]tricosa-1(23),2,4,6,19,21-hexaen-11-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | 5153915 | Click to see | 786.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564295 |
| Ellagic Acid | 5281855 | Click to see | 302.19 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00567786 |
| GlyTouCan:G69718UQ | 9918701 | Click to see | 786.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564295 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |